Notes on Optics I Quick Reference Guide | OPTO 5314, Study notes of Optics

Download Notes on Optics I Quick Reference Guide | OPTO 5314 and more Study notes Optics in PDF only on Docsity! Optics Quick Reference Guide: Angle of Deviation: θ = α1 +α2′ - γ Snell’s Law: n*sin(α) =n′*sin(α′)α) =n′*sin(α) =n′*sin(α′)α′) Thick Prism: n′/n = sin((γ +dmindmin)/2)/sin(γ/2) Thin Prism: Dmin = (n -1)* γ Angle of Deviation(Thick or thin): θ= α1 +dmin α2′ -γ γ=α1′ +dmin α2 Shadows: ∠AST = ∠AUP ∠ABT= ∠PVT Prism Power: Prism Power (δΔ) = 100*tan(δ degrees)) = 100*tan(δ degrees) Or 1Δ) = 100*tan(δ degrees) ~ ° ½ ° Definitions: 1. Vergence: the quantitative measure of the degree of convergence or divergence of light at a particular position; Vergence = Curvature of the wavefront =1/r of the wavefront; measured in Diopters 2. Bundle of rays: a beam of light rays from a point source 3. Chief ray: the central ray in each pencil of light 4. Pencil of light: a narrow cone of light coming from a point source after passing through an aperture. 5. Rectilinear propagation of light: under ideal conditions, light travels in straight lines 6. Ray: a trajectory orthogonal (perpendicular) to a wavefront 7. Wavefront: what leaves the point source and propagates in all directions at the same speed; the wavefronts are also centered on the source 8. Critical Angle: the angle of incidence above which the total internal reflection occurs. 9. Light: part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that propagate by electric and magnetic fields that are all perpendicular to one another. 10. Rayleigh Scattering: small particles scatter the shorter wavelengths morethan the longer wavelengths; why sky is blue; small air molecules scatter shorter wavelengths more than the longer wavelength 11. Snell’s Law: relates the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, and the refractive indices of two media 12. Principle of reversibility of light: all angles are measured from normal; from low to high refractive index  the light rays are bent towards the normal; from high to low  light rays are bent away from the normal 13. How is a mirage formed? A gradient index occurs produced by fluctuation of heat above the road; always bends toward “warmer air” 14. Refractive Index: a measure for how much the speed of light (or waves) is reduced inside the medium. 15. Apparent depth or thickness: where an object appears in a different location than it actually is. 16. Paraxial optics: optics near the optical axis; paraxial approximation holds true for a ray near the axis which makes a small angle with the axis; allows to assume hypotenuse=adjacent 17. Total internal reflection: occurs in prisms when the critical angle is surpassed; very useful property in optics 18. Dispersion: the phenomenon that the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency. In a prism, dispersion causes the spatial separation of a white light into spectral components of different wavelengths. Dispersion is most often described in light waves, but it may happen to any kind of wave that interacts with a medium or can be confined to a waveguide, such as sound waves. Dispersion is sometimes called chromatic dispersion to emphasize its wavelength-dependent nature. The index of refraction that varies with the wavelength of light. 19. Visible light: electromagnetic radiation that the photoreceptors of the eye are capable of absorbing. Wavelengths from 380 to 760 nm are within the visible spectrum. 20. Wavelength: (λ) is expressed in unit of nm or ) is expressed in unit of nm or 10-9 m 21. Effectivity: change if vergence of light that occurs at different points along its path 22. Principal plane: infinitely thin line at the center of the lens; plane at which the rays are shown to be refracted 23. Umbra: region in total shadow 24. Penumbra: produced when using an extended source; creates a lighter shadow around the penumbra 25. Absorption: amount of light absorbed that is dependent on the wavelength; 26. Specular reflection: occurs at smooth, polished surfaces (mirror or optical glass) 27. Diffuse reflection: occurs at rough surface; such as a pond of water