NPS EXAM 2024 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Nursing

Download NPS EXAM 2024 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NPS EXAM 2024 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS Assessments to measure how well a patient is ventilating - correct answer✔✔ RR, Vt, Chest mov't, Breath Sounds, PETCO2, PaCO2 Most common problem in neonates and children? - correct answer✔✔ Oxygenation Para - correct answer✔✔ Birth after 20 weeks Gravida - correct answer✔✔ # of pregnancies Pre-eclampsia - correct answer✔✔ When a pregnant woman develops high blood pressure and protein in the urine after the 20th week (late 2nd or 3rd trimester) of pregnancy. Treatment of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia - correct answer✔✔ -if mild, often bed rest, balanced diet, lower Blood pressure -Primary treatment of both is delivery if >35 weeks Nagele's Rule - correct answer✔✔ 1st day of last period + 7 days - 3 months Fetal Ultrasound for determining gestational age - correct answer✔✔ Measures fetal head Score and interpretation of Biophysical Profile - correct answer✔✔ 8-10 Normal, fetus is not hypoxic and CNS is functional 6 repeat in 24 hours <5 abnormal, repeat testing if >32 weeks induce labor AFI (amniotic fluid index) - correct answer✔✔ less than 5-6: oligohydramnios 8-18 normal >20-24 Polyhydramnios Olihydramnios - correct answer✔✔ associated with Potters Syndrome polyhydramnios - correct answer✔✔ excessive amniotic fluid associated with TE fistula, esophageal atresia Ways to measure lung maturity - correct answer✔✔ L/S Ratio PG (Phosphatidylglycerol) S/A (Surfactant/Albumin) LBC (Lamellar Body Count) Shake Test How to measure L/S Ratio and normal - correct answer✔✔ via amniocenteses 2:1 or higher indicates pulmonary maturity and low risk of RDS Phosphatidyglycerol (PG) - correct answer✔✔ best diagnosis of lung maturity when diabetes is suspected surfactant/albumin ratio - correct answer✔✔ 55 or greater is good. Less expensive than LS and cheaper LBC (Lamellar bodies count) - correct answer✔✔ lung maturity is reached when LBC reaches 35,000 Shake Test - correct answer✔✔ Mix amniotic fluid with 95% ethanol, results in 15 minutes, presence of bubbles indicates the presence of surfactant. Not as specific as the L/S Ratio Coombs Test - correct answer✔✔ a test for the presence of anti-Rh factor antibodies in the blood (this is often given to pregnant women that are Rh- to see if they will mount an immune response against the blood of their fetus) Transilluminatation of the chest is recommended when the neonatal/pediatric specialist suspects the presence of a - correct answer✔✔ tension pneumothorax Poor femoral pulses may indicate - correct answer✔✔ coarctation of the aorta Vibrations that are felt on the chest wall due to secretions' are referred to as - correct answer✔✔ Tactile Fremitus Optimum chest wall placement for an infant with a pneumothorax is in the - correct answer✔✔ anterior chest wall What is PIE (Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema)? - correct answer✔✔ Air released into the tissues surrounding the bronchi A Pleural Effusion is best demonstrated by - correct answer✔✔ a lateral decubitus film An AP chest radiograph of a newborn reveals an egg shaped cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with what - correct answer✔✔ Transposition of the great vessels Is wheezing associated with epiglottis? - correct answer✔✔ NO The following will cause the mediastinum to shifts AWAY from the pathology - correct answer✔✔ diaphragmatic hernia pneumothorax pleural effusion A diaphragmatic apex below the 6th rib is consistent with - correct answer✔✔ pneumothorax A fiberoptic light is placed on an infants right chest. A lighted halo is seen around the point of contact. The light is placed on the left chest but no light is seen. What does this indicate? - correct answer✔✔ left hemidiaphragm is herniated What is normal value of AFP - correct answer✔✔ less than 10 ng/mL Stress Testing/Oxytocin Challenge - correct answer✔✔ Used to access the placenta function A normal (negative) test results if the fetal heart rate is normal An abnormal (positive) test results if the fetal HR is decelerated after contractions. What does G2 P1 mean? Is this high risk? - correct answer✔✔ This is normal and not high risk, it simply means the mom has had 2 pregnancies and the first one had a birth and she is still currently pregnant DiGeorge's syndrome is a developmental defect that prevents the maturation of the thymus. What test is done? - correct answer✔✔ LBC (Lamellar Body Count) levels in amnotic fluid is helpful What adaptor is required for a flexible bronchoscopy - correct answer✔✔ Bodai Formula to calculate corrected tidal volume during mechanical ventilation - correct answer✔✔ Set Tidal Volume - Compressible Volume Normal FOS (Fetal Oxygen Saturation) - correct answer✔✔ 40-70 torr if >30 torr baby is hypoxic and needs to be delivered Egg shaped heart - correct answer✔✔ Transposition of the great vessels Harlequin sign - correct answer✔✔ Harmless color change in a newborn in which the dependent side of the body is a deep color while the other side is pale. When is a Ballard score done? - correct answer✔✔ When neonate is <28 weeks and/or <1500 grams If a neonates PaO2 increases 4 torr on 100% Oxygen what can you conclude? - correct answer✔✔ Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension Why are vibrating mesh nebulizers useful for administering aerosolized medication to a patient requiring mechanical ventilation? - correct answer✔✔ Does not require additional gas to the ventilator circuit. QS/QT formula and what is the normal? - correct answer✔✔ CcO2-CaO2/ CcO2 -CvO2 normal shunt is 5% What could you conclude if a 24 week neonate, 675grams, is lethargic and develops abdominal distension, decreased bowel sounds and bloody stools? - correct answer✔✔ Esophageal Atresia How do you determine hemidiaphragm paralysis? - correct answer✔✔ Fluroscopy Left sided hyperlucency and absence of vascular markings on Left side with a shift to the right would indicate what? - correct answer✔✔ Chest tube insertion What should the oxyhood flow be set at? - correct answer✔✔ 7-15 LPM Before initiating NAVA to a child with increasd WOB what must be inserted? - correct answer✔✔ Edi Catheter What is a normal Fetal Scalp pH? - correct answer✔✔ 7.25 or greater What is the Dubowitz method? - correct answer✔✔ Uses 7 Physical and 6 Neurological findings to calculate gestational age. A score of 40 = full term, score of 34 or less is premature and over 40 is post term, however the # does NOT correspond to the # of weeks, except at 40. LGA/AGA/SGA - correct answer✔✔ large/average/small gestational age. Appropriate is 10-90th percentile. greater than 90% is large and less than 10 is small Sudden deterioration in an intubated patient? - correct answer✔✔ DOPE - Dislodged, Obstructed, Pneumothorax, Equipment failure A Carlens tube is used during which of the following procedures - correct answer✔✔ bronchial lavage A newborn has been delivered after 37 weeks to a healthy mother. The infant weighs 2800 g, has a 1 minute APGAR score of 7 and an L/S ratio of 3:1. These findings are most consistent with what? - correct answer✔✔ LOW risk of ARDS A male newborn delivered after 36 weeks of gestation has been discharged from the hospital. 9 days later he is brought to the ED with extreme peripheral cyanosis. An AP radiograph reveals an egg shaped heart, this is indicative of what? - correct answer✔✔ Transposition of the great vessels Signs of hyaline membrane disease - correct answer✔✔ Nasal flaring expiratory grunting intercostal retractions At 5 minutes of life, a newborns chest and abdomen are pink while the hands and feet remain blue. The HR is 80, irregular respirations, no response to nasal suctioning and some flexion in extremities. What is APGAR score - correct answer✔✔ 4 One hour after delivering a full term newborn, the mother is febrile. The baby appears septic and has bilateral opacification on the chest xray. What would you suspect? - correct answer✔✔ Beta Streptococcus infection A 30 week gestation age newborn is receiving mechanical ventilation. She suddenly develops bradycardia and cyanosis. Breath sounds are absent on the left side and trachea is shifted to the right. What diagnostic procedure should the neonatal-pediatric specialist recommend. - correct answer✔✔ transillumination While assessing a 36 week newborn, the neonatal-pediatric specialist identifies bowel sounds in the chest. This finding is consistent with what? - correct answer✔✔ Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia While reviewing the chest x-ray of a full term newborn, the specialist notes that the apex of the right diaphragm is at the level of the 8th rib, this finding is consistent with - correct answer✔✔ tension pneumothorax The tip of the nasogastric tube enters the abdomen and passes back up into the chest this is suggestive of - correct answer✔✔ Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia A newborn infant has a Dubowitz score of 34. What does this indicate? - correct answer✔✔ pre-term infant When analyzing the FiO2 in an oxyhood the analyzer should be placed near the infants face because - correct answer✔✔ A layering affect may cause a higher FiO2 in the bottom of the hood. The high oxygen alarm on the PTCO2 monitor sounds while the monitor reads 155 torr. Ten minutes ago the monitor reading was 80 torr and there does not appear to be any change in the infants condition. What would this suggest? - correct answer✔✔ An air leak around the sensor Which of the following sensors can be zeroed using room air? - correct answer✔✔ Capnograph A neonate has increased his bodyweight by 18% in a 24 hour period. This is most likely the result of? - correct answer✔✔ Fluid overload What is the most appropriate size ETT for an 8 year old? 4, 6, 8 or 10 - correct answer✔✔ 6 Calculate the PAO2 for a 7 year old receiving 40% Oxygen and has the following ABG pH 7.41 PaCO2 40 torr PaO2 80 torr Pb 747 torr - correct answer✔✔ 230 torr A 15 year old patient has the following PFT FVC 61% FEV1 61% FEV1% 88% - correct answer✔✔ Restriction A child is being monitored with a capnograph. The ETCO2 reading dropped from 5% to 2% and the patients respiratory rate has increased. This is most likely due to which? Ventilatory failure, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, airway obstruction - correct answer✔✔ Pulmonary Embolism An 8 year old boy involved in a swimming pool accident is in cardiac arrest. He has been intubated with a 6.0 ETT and is receiving mechanical ventilation. 8 hours later a PA Catheter is inserted and the specialist observes a decrease in the patients measured SvO2. This would indicate that - correct answer✔✔ The Cadiac output has decreased Which of the following initial vent settings would be most appropriate for a premature infant with respiratory distress? PIP 38 itime .6 flow 6 LPM rate:40 PIP25 itime 1.0 flow 8LPM rate:30 PIP 20 itime:.5 Flow 10LPM rate:25 PIP 15 itme .6 flow:12LPM rate:25 - correct answer✔✔ PIP 20 I-time:.5seconds Flow 10LPM Rate: 25 MAP will rise when all of the following settings are increased except: total cycle time PIP PEEP RR - correct answer✔✔ total cycle time Which of the following would have the greatest influence on Paw? inspiratory time, PEEP, flow, PIP - correct answer✔✔ PEEP A 30kg 8 year old is being mechanically ventilated at the following settings: Vt: 275 ml A 10 year old with Down Syndrome has been admitted for viral pneumonia. He is developmental disabled and has difficulty following directions. His XRAY indicates consolidation of both lower lung fields and has considerable retained secretions. The pulmonologist asks for a recommendation. - correct answer✔✔ Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation therapy Two minutes after removing an ETT from a 10 year old boy, patient has marked inspiratory stridor, what is the most appropriate response - correct answer✔✔ Reintubate While suctioning a 9 year old who is intubated and receiving continuous ventilation, the patient is tachycardia, the patient is being ventilated with 100% oxygen between each suction attempt. What is the most appropriate action? - correct answer✔✔ decrease the suction time per pass An 8 year old is receiving .2mL of albuterol via small volume neb. The patients HR immediately increases from 120 to 130. What should be done? - correct answer✔✔ Record the results in the patients chart A 4 year old is receiving aerosol therapy Q3H followed by postural drainage and percussion. After 5 minutes of postural drainage and percussion the patient becomes combative. What should be done? - correct answer✔✔ Limit the therapy to 5 minutes During routine suctioning of a 32 week gestational age infant receiving mechanical ventilation, a scant amount of blood-tinged sputum is obtained. What should be done? - correct answer✔✔ decrease the duration of suction time A 9 year old boy is brought to the ED in respiratory distress. ABG shows pH 7.49 PaCO2 28 torr PaO2 63 torr Bicarb 23 mEq/L BE -2 What should be recommended? A. assisted ventilation B. low flow Oxygen C. Bicarb therapy D. electrolyte therapy - correct answer✔✔ B. Low Flow Oxygen A neonate is receiving 60% Oxygen via Oxyhood. ABG from umbilical artery line pH 7.33 PaCO2: 37 torr PaO2: 40 torr What should be recommended - correct answer✔✔ Initiate nasal CPAP A 33 week gestational age infant with pneumonia is receiving mechanical ventilation with a time cycled, pressure limited ventilation w/ the following PIP: 28 RR: 30/min ITime: 1.5 sec PEEP: 4 FiO2 .60 Flow 6LPM What should be recommended? - correct answer✔✔ decrease Inspiratory time A 28 week gestational age infant is receiving mechanical ventilation at the following. PIP 24 RR:22 Itime: .5 seconds PEEP 4 Fio2 .70 Paw 8cmH20 Flow 6LPM Umbilical ABG pH 7.36 PCO2 44torr PO2: 48 torr Bicarb 24, SaO2 78% What should be done A. increase FiO2 B. decrease rate C. admin becarb D. initiate nasal CPAP - correct answer✔✔ D. initiate CPAP A 27 week gestational age infant has been receiving mechanical ventilation for 12 days for respiratory distress syndrome. A recent chest radiograph reveals a bubbly appearance in the hilar area. Which of the following should be recommended? - correct answer✔✔ High Frequency ventilation To improve oxygenation for a patient being ventilated with high frequency jet ventilation, the neonatal- pediatric specialist should recommend all of the following EXCEPT: A. FiO2 B. PEEP C. drive pressure D. expiratory time - correct answer✔✔ D. expiratory time A two month old infant with viral pneumonia is being ventilated with a time cycled ventilator at the following settings: FiO2 .60, Rate 25, PIP 18 PEEP:5 ABG pH 7.29 PaCO2:51 torr PaO2: 50 torr Bicarb: 24. What is the recommendation: A. increase FiO2 to .80 B. increase PEEP to 8 C.increase PIP to 20 D. Decrease rate to 18 - correct answer✔✔ C.increase PIP to 20 A 10 year old child has had a chest tube in his right pleural space for 24 hours. 20mL of bright red blood has drained from the tube. What should be done? A.) irrigate the tube with saline B.) increase the suction to prevent a hemothorax C.) clamp the chest tube D.) check the chart for previous drainage - correct answer✔✔ D.) check the chart for previous drainage Type 2 Late Decelerations - correct answer✔✔ no change in HR during contractions, not normal (HR should lower) give Oxygen, may be considered an emergency Type 3 Variable Decelerations - correct answer✔✔ HR all over, could be due to an umbilical cord compression, may be emergency/high risk, give Oxygen Creatine normal range - correct answer✔✔ .11-.68 BUN and Creatinine are related to what organ? - correct answer✔✔ Kidney Urine Output is related to which critical life functions? - correct answer✔✔ Perfusion and Circulation Function and normal value for RBC - correct answer✔✔ Function is to carry Hemoglobin (which carries Oxygen) Normal level 1-2 (1.4-1.9) Function and normal level Hemoglobin - correct answer✔✔ carries oxygen 13-18 normal Hematocrit (Hct) normal level - correct answer✔✔ around 50% (43-63%) Normal level of WBC - correct answer✔✔ 10-30,000. highest at birth and drops significantly very quickly What is Hemoglobin Electrophoresis? - correct answer✔✔ lab procedure to check for different types of hemoglobin What is the source of Bilirubin - correct answer✔✔ byproduct of RBC by liver Bilirubin level in full term newborn normal level - correct answer✔✔ 1.4-1.9 How is hyperbilirubin treated - correct answer✔✔ phototherapy vitamin E exchange transfusion Normal Blood Glucose for term infant - correct answer✔✔ 50-100 What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia - correct answer✔✔ Sepsis Normal Total Serum protein - correct answer✔✔ 6-8 Normal Albumin - correct answer✔✔ 3.5-5.5 Normal Globulin - correct answer✔✔ 2-3.5 Normal Albumin/Globulin Ratio - correct answer✔✔ .8-2 What causes a decrease in A/G ratio? - correct answer✔✔ autoimmune disease, renal failure, liver disease what causes an increase in A/G ratio? - correct answer✔✔ renal failure, liver disease, low thyroid activity How should hypotension or decreased urine output be treated in a neonate? - correct answer✔✔ NSS What should you evaluate when an infant has central cyanosis? - correct answer✔✔ mucous membranes Normal Respiratory Rate for infant - correct answer✔✔ 30-60 What would cause a respiratory rate less than 30 bpm - correct answer✔✔ Narcotics, Hypothermia, CNS What could cause tachypnea in an infant - correct answer✔✔ HYPOXEMIA hyperthermia Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis Congenital Heart Disease Agitation Some pathologies that would cause asymmetrical chest movement - correct answer✔✔ Pneumothorax Atelectasis ETT insertion error Pneumonia Diaphragmatic Hernia What is the significance of marked substernal and intrasternal retractions with tachypnea? - correct answer✔✔ Obstructed ETT or significant anatomical obstruction ex. choanal atresia, laryngeal web. When should transillumination be recommended? - correct answer✔✔ asymmetrical chest mov't w/ respiratory distress, decreased breath sounds, absent heart sounds, tracheal shift What findings would indicate a pneumothorax - correct answer✔✔ entire hemithorax lights up, if lights up bilaterally suspect PIE What does a decrease in transillumination indicate? - correct answer✔✔ diaphragmatic hernia What pathology is indicated by a scaphoid abdomen? - correct answer✔✔ Diaphragmatic hernia Difference between Gastroschisis and omphalocele? - correct answer✔✔ Gastroschisis the intestines are not contained within a sac/membrane, Omphalocele intestines are contained within a sac What is myelodysplasia? - correct answer✔✔ malformation of the spinal canal and cord AKA Spina Bifida How is spina bifida diagnosed? - correct answer✔✔ through an AFP (alpha fetoprotein) via amniotic fluid or an ultrasound Poor pulses may be present infants in - correct answer✔✔ shock, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, dehydration, hypovolumia Bounding pulses may indicate - correct answer✔✔ PDA A/V Fistula Anemia Heart defect ex. Tetralogy of Fallot How is percussion done? - correct answer✔✔ By placing the middle finger between two ribs and tapping middle fingers first joint with the middle fingertip of you opposite hand Friction Rub - correct answer✔✔ a creaking or grating sound resulting from inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing together What are the normal heart sounds? - correct answer✔✔ S1 and S2 (lub dub) Normal Blood Pressure for 1000g - correct answer✔✔ 50/25 Normal Blood Pressure for 2000g - correct answer✔✔ 50/30 Normal Blood Pressure for 3000g - correct answer✔✔ 50/35 If there are bowel sounds in the chest suspect - correct answer✔✔ Diaphragmatic Hernia Any new systolic murmur requires - correct answer✔✔ ECHOCARDIOGRAM Some pathologic murmurs that are common in newborns are - correct answer✔✔ PDA VSD Ventricular Septal Defect ASD Atrial Septal Defect Tricuspid insufficiency GCS numbers for mild/moderate/severe - correct answer✔✔ 13-15 mild 9-12 moderate 3-8 severe Define Orthopnea - correct answer✔✔ difficulty or inability to breathe unless in the upright position general malaise - correct answer✔✔ electrolyte imbalance dysphagia - correct answer✔✔ difficulty swallowing Normal values for pediatric patient RBC Hemoglobin Hematocrit - correct answer✔✔ RBC 4-5 Hgb 10-14 Hematocrit 32-40% Normal pediatric WbC - correct answer✔✔ 5,000-10,000 Pediatric Electrolyte normals Potassium Sodium Chloride Glucose - correct answer✔✔ K: 3.3-4.7 Na:132-141 Cl: 80-100 Glucose: 54-117 What pathologies can result in Peripheral Edema? - correct answer✔✔ Fluid Overload, CHF, Renal Failure What causes digital clubbing? - correct answer✔✔ Chronic hypoxemia, chronic heart disease Respiratory rates by age infant toddler preschooler (4-5) School Age Adolescent - correct answer✔✔ infant 30-60 toddler 24-40 preschooler 22-34 school age 18-30 adolescent 12-20 Heart rates by age 1-2 years *2-6 years 6-10 years *10-16 years - correct answer✔✔ 1-2 years average 110 (80-130) 2-6 years average 100 (70-120) 6-10 years average 90 (70-110) 10-16 years average 85 (60-100) Normal Blood pressure for 1 and 2 year old - correct answer✔✔ 80/40 (68-105 / 22-66) Normal Blood pressure for 7 years - correct answer✔✔ 100/60 (80-112 / 40-70) Radiographic findings of TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) - correct answer✔✔ BOOT Shaped heart Radiographic finding of TGV (Transposition of Great Vessels) - correct answer✔✔ Egg Shaped heart Radiographic findings of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - correct answer✔✔ Snowman shaped heart Indication for inspiratory and expiratory films - correct answer✔✔ Foreign body aspiration Indication for End Expiratory Film - correct answer✔✔ small PNEUMO Indication for lateral decubitus film - correct answer✔✔ Pleural Effustion Indication for Lateral neck film - correct answer✔✔ Epiglotitis What is the significance of Steeple Sign on a lateral neck xray - correct answer✔✔ Croup What imagining procedure would be helpful to determine the precise position of a thoracic tumor? - correct answer✔✔ MRI What imaging would be helpful to diagnose bronchiectasis? - correct answer✔✔ CT Which imaging procedure would be helpful to establish the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis? - correct answer✔✔ Fluroscopy Some indications for cardiac catherization - correct answer✔✔ Confirm Heart pathology Measure intracardiac and intravascular pressures Obtain tissue samples Reopen Foramen Ovale definition of erythema - correct answer✔✔ redness petechaie/purpura - correct answer✔✔ dangerous rash, non blanching purple discoloration, caused by small capillary leakage, may be caused by sepsis Cheye Stokes - correct answer✔✔ gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting 30-180 seconds with periods of Apnea Causes of Cheyne-Stokes - correct answer✔✔ Breathing pattern caused by increased ICP, meningitis, narcotic OD Kussmauls - correct answer✔✔ Increased Respiratory Rate/Depth, Irregular Rhythm, Breath Sounds Labored ie: metabolic acidosis, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis What imaging would be used to diagnose pulmonary embolus - correct answer✔✔ Spiral CT scan with dye A lateral chest radiograph of a 3 year old shows flattened diaphragm on the left and hyperinflation of the left lower lung segment. The correct interpretation is - correct answer✔✔ Foreign body aspiration After preparing a solution for the shake test and allowing the test tube to stand for 15 minutes, the NPS notices a ring of bubbles around the surface of the solution. This would indicate - correct answer✔✔ Pulmonary maturity While evaluating the chest xray of a neonate, the NPS notes the presence of a hyperlucent left lung around the heart, this is most consistent with - correct answer✔✔ Pneumopericardium A 10 year old child has been intubated and connected to an EtCO2 monitor. The monitor displays an ETCO2 of 3 torr. This most likely would indicate what? - correct answer✔✔ ET Tube in esophagus A critically ill child requires transfer to a regional trauma center 100 miles away from the referral center. The NPS should recommend the child be transported by - correct answer✔✔ Rotor Wing Aircraft A 3 week old premature infants arterial saturation drops from 92% to 79% during bottle feeding. The NPS should recommend - correct answer✔✔ administering oxygen during feeding A neonate presents with notched, low set ears, small mouth, and wide set, downward slanting eyes. What is most likely the diagnosis - correct answer✔✔ DiGeorges Syndrome The NPS should recommend a Replogle tube for treatment of a newborn with - correct answer✔✔ Esophageal atresia Which of the following modes would be most appropriate for a child with elevated work of breathing? A. NAVA B. High frequency oscillation C. Pressure control D. APRV - correct answer✔✔ A. Neurally Adjusted ventilatory assist What type of airway is most appropriate to perform a therapeutic bronchial lavage? - correct answer✔✔ Carlens A 2800 g neonate is being ventilated at a rate of 28, Peep 4, Fio2 .50, i time .8 sec, flow 5LPM, PIP 20. PIP is reaching 18 what are possible causes - correct answer✔✔ Loose connection in tubing, insufficient flow setting A neonatologist is concerned about the possibility of thalassemia, what procedure should be recommended? - correct answer✔✔ Hemoglobin electrophoresis Appropriate ETT size for 6 year old? - correct answer✔✔ 5.5 Common in Coarctation of the Aorta - correct answer✔✔ LEFT to RIGHT shunting and Pulmonary congestion (NOT cyanosis)