NR 503 Epidemiology Midterm Study Guide (Version 2) / NR503 Epidemiology Midterm Study Gui, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nursing

Download NR 503 Epidemiology Midterm Study Guide (Version 2) / NR503 Epidemiology Midterm Study Gui and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NR503 Epidemiology Midterm Study Guide NR 503 Midterm Exam Study Guide: Chamberlain College of Nursing • How does social justice and health inequities influence population health care provision? Why is this critical information for the provision of evidence-based care? Population-based nursing is the provision of evidence-based care to targeted groups of people with similar needs in order to improve health, or stated otherwise, to improve health. In order to provide this care providers must consider health inequities and social justice in order to improve health care for all people. Population health is typically interested in high risk aggregates(subpopulations) which means looking at those health inequities and using social justice theory to integrate health promotion and disease prevention interventions for those high risk aggregates. • Review terminology Week 2 1. Is screening a tertiary intervention? If yes, why, if not, what is it? No. Screening are a secondary intervention. Tertiary interventions focus on alleviating disability and are strategies done in middle or late stages of diseases. An example of a tertiary intervention would be cardiac rehab or physical therapy after a hip replacement 2. How does a provider determine the usefulness, appropriateness, of a screening test? Where would a NP look to find a screening test? What determines if a screening test should be used? The target population needs to be identifiable and accessible and the disease should affect a sufficient number of people. The screening test should be sensitive enough to detect most cases and be specific enough to limit the number of false positives. Screening tests should be relatively inexpensive, easy to administer, and have minimal side effects. The validity of the screening test is the ability to accurately identify those that have the disease. Determining if a screening test should be used can be evaluated by the success of a screening tool. Does the screening tool do what it was intended to do and reduce overall mortality, decrease case fatality, increase early detection, reduce complications or increase quality of life? APNs can look for screening test through the U.S Preventative Services Task 3. Can you explain what “descriptive epidemiology” means? What is the purpose? How is it used? Concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease within a population. Through the process of looking at rates, incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival, and prognosis we have and understanding of a disease and knowledge of how illnesses and diseases are distributed, what populations are impacted, and how populations differ. Also what interventions would be best for who. 1. Objectives of epidemiology.2-7 Step 1. Understanding the etiology or cause of a disease (risk factors) Step 2. Finding out the extent that a disease or health problem affects a community or population. Step 3. Determine the natural history or prognosis Step 4. Evaluate existing and newly developed preventative therapeutic measures and modes of healthcare delivery Step 5. Provide the foundation for developing public policy relating to environmental problems, genetic issues, and other considerations regarding disease prevention and health promotion. 2. Define, compare, calculate, and interpretMeasures of Morbidity.41.58 a. Incidence rate.41.51 (# of NEW cases of a disease occurring in the population during a specified period of time / # of persons who are at risk of developing the disease during that period of time) x 1000 = Incidence rate per 1,000 : the NEW cases of a disease over a period of time. b. Attack rate.46 - special form of cumulative incidence - Used for diseases of short observation time period - Not a true rate because the time dimension is often uncertain (food borne outbreaks) = (# of new cases among population during period / population at risk at beginning of period) x 100 (expressed as %) c. Prevalence.46 : the EXISTING cases of a disease over a period of time.