Concepts in Population Health Outcomes & Health Policy Exam, Exams of Nursing

Download Concepts in Population Health Outcomes & Health Policy Exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NR 717 Concepts in Population Health Outcomes & Health Policy COMPLETED EXAM 2023/2024 1. What is population health management and what are its main goals? (2 points) - Population health management is the process of improving the health outcomes and reducing the health disparities of a defined group of people, such as a community, a region, or a nation. The main goals of population health management are to address the social determinants of health, coordinate care across different settings and providers, and use data and analytics to measure and improve performance. (2 points) 2. What are some of the key components of a population health management strategy? (3 points) - Some of the key components of a population health management strategy are: identifying and segmenting the target population, assessing their needs and risks, designing and implementing interventions, engaging and empowering the population, evaluating and monitoring the outcomes, and adjusting the strategy as needed. (3 points) 3. What are some of the benefits of population health management for nursing practice? (2 points) - Some of the benefits of population health management for nursing practice are: enhancing the quality and safety of care, increasing patient satisfaction and loyalty, reducing costs and waste, improving collaboration and communication, promoting professional development and leadership, and advancing health equity and social justice. (2 points) 4. What are some of the challenges or barriers to implementing population health management in nursing practice? (3 points) - Some of the challenges or barriers to implementing population health management in nursing practice are: lack of resources and infrastructure, fragmentation and silos of care, resistance to change and innovation, ethical and legal issues, cultural and linguistic diversity, competing priorities and demands, and limited evidence and best practices. (3 points) 5. What are some of the skills or competencies that nurses need to develop or enhance for effective population health management? (3 points) - Some of the skills or competencies that nurses need to develop or enhance for effective population health management are: systems thinking and analysis, data literacy and informatics, interprofessional collaboration and teamwork, patient engagement and empowerment, quality improvement and innovation, leadership and advocacy, and cultural competence and humility. (3 points) promote the health of a population. (3 points) 3. What are some of the social determinants of health and how do they affect population health? (4 points) - Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that influence their health status and outcomes. Some examples are income, education, employment, housing, environment, culture, and social support. They affect population health because they create differences in exposure and vulnerability to health risks, access and utilization of health services, and opportunities and resources for health promotion and prevention. (4 points) 4. What are some of the strategies for improving population health at the individual, community, and system levels? (5 points) - Some of the strategies for improving population health at the individual level are educating and empowering people to make healthy choices, providing personalized care and support, and addressing the specific needs and preferences of different groups. Some of the strategies at the community level are engaging and mobilizing stakeholders, building partnerships and collaborations, and creating healthy environments and policies. Some of the strategies at the system level are integrating and coordinating services across sectors, enhancing quality and safety standards, and allocating resources equitably and efficiently. (5 points) 5. What are some of the challenges and barriers to improving population health? (4 points) - Some of the challenges and barriers to improving population health are lack of data and evidence, complexity and diversity of populations and interventions, competing interests and priorities, resistance to change and innovation, ethical dilemmas and conflicts, limited resources and capacity, and political and social instability. (4 points) 6. What are some of the indicators or measures of population health? (3 points) - Some of the indicators or measures of population health are mortality rates, morbidity rates, life expectancy, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health disparities or inequalities, access to care, utilization of care, preventive behaviors, risk factors, determinants of health, and health outcomes. (3 points) 7. What are some of the models or frameworks for population health? (3 points) - Some of the models or frameworks for population health are the ecological model, the social-ecological model, the population health intervention research (PHIR) framework, the population health promotion model, the population health management model, the triple aim framework, and the quadruple aim framework. (3 points) 8. What are some of the skills or competencies that nurses need to practice population health? (4 points) - Some of the skills or competencies that nurses need to practice population health are epidemiological skills, - data analysis skills, - policy analysis skills, - program planning and evaluation skills, - communication skills, - leadership skills, - collaboration skills, - cultural competence skills, - ethical reasoning skills, - critical thinking skills, - innovation skills, - advocacy skills, - systems thinking skills, and - lifelong learning skills. (4 points) 9. What are some of the ethical principles or values that guide population health practice? (3 points) - Some of the ethical principles or values that guide population health practice are respect for autonomy, - beneficence, - non-maleficence, - justice, - equity, - solidarity, - stewardship, and - accountability. (3 points) 10. How can nurses use evidence-based practice to improve population health? (4 points) - Nurses can use evidence-based practice to improve population health by asking relevant clinical questions, - searching for best available evidence, - appraising the quality and applicability of evidence, - integrating evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences, and - evaluating the outcomes and impacts of evidence-based interventions. (4 points) Essay questions: 1. Discuss how climate change affects population health and what actions nurses can take to mitigate its impact. (10 points) - Climate change affects population health by increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, storms, and wildfires, which can cause injuries, deaths, displacement, and mental distress. Climate change also alters the patterns and distribution of infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue, cholera, and Lyme disease, which can increase the risk of exposure and transmission. Climate change also affects the availability and quality of food, water, and air, which can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems. Climate change also exacerbates social and economic inequalities, which can worsen the health outcomes and access to care of vulnerable and marginalized populations. - Nurses can take actions to mitigate the impact of climate change on population health by raising awareness and educating the public and policymakers about the causes and consequences of climate change and the need for urgent action. Nurses can also advocate for policies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable transportation. Nurses can also promote adaptation and resilience strategies, such as disaster preparedness and response, disease surveillance and prevention, water and sanitation management, and community empowerment. Nurses can also practice environmental stewardship and responsibility, such as reducing their own carbon footprint, using green products and technologies, and supporting environmental organizations and movements. 2. Compare and contrast two models or frameworks for population health and explain how they can be applied to a specific population health issue or problem. (10 points) - Two models or frameworks for population health are the ecological model and the population health intervention research (PHIR) framework. The ecological model views population health as the result of the interactions between individuals and their physical, social, cultural, economic, and political environments. The model emphasizes the multiple levels of influence on health behaviors and outcomes, such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy factors. The model also recognizes the dynamic and reciprocal nature of these influences, as well as the diversity and complexity of populations and interventions. - The PHIR framework views population health as the outcome of interventions that aim to improve the distribution of health determinants across populations. The framework focuses on the processes and methods of designing, implementing, evaluating, and scaling up interventions that address population health problems or priorities. The framework also considers the contexts and mechanisms that influence the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions, as well as the ethical and equity implications of interventions. - An example of a population health issue or problem that can be analyzed using both models or frameworks is obesity. Obesity is a complex and multifaceted problem that affects individuals' physical,