NR546 Quiz reviews - Weekly Quiz review Latest Update 2024, Quizzes of Nursing

Download NR546 Quiz reviews - Weekly Quiz review Latest Update 2024 and more Quizzes Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NR546 Quiz reviews - Weekly Quiz review Latest Update 2024 The amygdala is associated with anxiety and perception of odors. The hippocampus is involved in memory and anxiety. The amygdala is associated with anxiety and perception of odors. The prefrontal cortex is associated with executive function. The thalamus is associated with motor command processing The client’s cognitive status can result in an ethical concern if the client is unable to self-determine care or is a danger to self or others. Ability to pay is not an ethical issue. basal ganglia are a group of structures involved in voluntary motor movements. Basal ganglia are also involved in cognition and emotion. Limbic system is associated with emotion and learning hippocampi are associated with long term memory Wernicke's area is associated with speech comprehension. Review activity the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is concerned with higher level functioning. The VLPFC is involved with motor inhibition the IFG contains Broca's area which is associated with speech production understanding grammar. Pliska Ch. 8 the OFC is involved in decision making and social behavior with a focus on punishment and rewards. The OFC inhibits and activates the amygdala and is activated when a risk assessment is required. Some behaviors associated with the OFC include sex, sugar, pain, social humiliation, money, rewards, fame, and aggression. The amygdala will identify a threat and then the OFC will determine the risk or benefit of an action based on past experience. Pliska Ch. 8, p.158 At this time, 20 % of the world’s population is suffering from a neurologic and/or psychiatric disorder. Week 2 Quiz G protein linked systems, one of the signal transduction cascades, pass the message from a first receptor to a second messenger . Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter. (NEI glutamate video- the glutamate sisters) CYP 3A4 is one of the 5 most important NT which include CYP 1A2, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4. Dosing adjustments may be required. Stahl p. 46-51. Smoking induces CYP1A2. Stahl p.48 partial agonist- drug does not fully activate receptors; antagonist- drug binds to receptor but does not activate a response; inverse agonist- drug cause opposite effect of the agonist ;agonist- ;agonist- drug binds to the receptor and activates a biological response G protein Linked systems and ion channel linked cascades are triggered by neurotransmitters. Stahl p. 11 Propagation of an action potential to the axon terminal is mediated by voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Influx of sodium through voltage-sensitive sodium channels at the axon terminal leads to opening of voltage-sensitive calcium channels, also at the axon terminal. Influx of calcium through the open voltage sensitive calcium channels leads to docking of synaptic vesicles and secretion of neurotransmitter into the synapse. Agonists cause ligand-gated ion channels to open more frequently. The communication between neurons at synapses is mediated by neurotransmitter molecules and is therefore chemical. Stahl p. 6 Transcription factors are proteins that bind to promoter sequences of DNA to turn gene expression on and off. chemical neurotransmission is the foundation of psychopharmacology NR546 Week 3 EPSs manifest when dopamine receptor occupancy within the basal ganglia reaches approximately 80% as the dopamine-mediated inhibition of movement is now disinhibited (Refer to pathophysiology and the basal ganglia model of movement)Stahl p.133 . See figure 5-4 Risperidone has the highest risk for galactorrhea. Review tuberofundiular pathway Stahl p.95 clozapine is documented to decrease risk of suicide in schizophrenic clients. Stahl p. 181 "Aripiprazole is associated with the lowest risk weight gain. All pines are associated with weight gain. Though not associated with large weight gain, lurasidone is not associated with less weight gain in the same way as aripiprazole. Week 3 lecture " Haldol is a first-generation antipsychotic, which can cause a dystonic reaction. Clozapine is one of the only antipsychotics that does not cause dystonia. The other medications are not known for causing dystonia. 4. Appetite is regulated by the balance between an appetite-stimulating pathway (on the left) that releases agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and an appetite-suppressing pathway (on the right) that releases α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Stahl p.564 566. 5. Weight gain can occur either by excessive activity of the appetite-stimulating pathway, by deficient activity of the appetite-suppressing pathway, or both. Stahl p.564-566. 6. Phentermine acts much like amphetamine, blocking both the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and, at high doses, the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). Stahl p.573 Chapter 14 7. Buprenorphine is approved for persons < 18 years of age. Stahl’s prescriber’s guide disulfiram-alcohol reaction may occur within 2 weeks of alcohol ingestion. Stahl Prescriber Guide 8. Methadone is a full mu-receptor agonist with a long half-life, which can prevent withdrawal symptoms for 24 hours and provide steady control of cravings throughout the day. In addition to its opioid receptor activity, it is also an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Course Lecture 9. hallucinogen intoxication can cause what is perceived as a panic attack, often called a “bad trip.” As intoxication escalates, one can experience an acute state of confusion (delirium) where the abuser is disoriented and agitated. Stahl p. 642 10. disulfiram irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in build of toxic levels of acetaldehyde Acamprosate reduces glutamate release associated with alcohol withdrawal, naltrexone blocks the enjoyment of heaving drinking through its action on reward circuitry, sedative hypnotics act at GABA A receptor sites in reward circuits . Stahl p. 559 11. Impulsive disorders are focused on reward and associated with the mesolimbic pathway. Stahl p.573 Hello NR546 students, here is the week 7 quiz review: The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) contains the on switch, the off switch is located in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). Stahl p. 445 Guanfacine is an alpha 2 agonist, methylphenidate is a dopamine norepinephrine multimodal; amphetamine is a is a dopamine norepinephrine reuptake inhibiter (DN-RIRe),; Wellbutrin is an amphetamine is a is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor(D-RIRe).. Stahl Ch 12 Hyperactivity is modulated by the prefrontal cortex. Impulsivity is modulated by the orbitofrontal cortex. Stahl p. 475, Figure 11.6 Children present with hyperactivity, the hyperactive symptoms are going to decline markedly with age, becoming more subjective, less apparent or obvious to others. Adults are not hyperactive but do report on internal restless and difficulty sitting still. ADHD symptoms presentation in your course under Explore: Week 7: Medications for ADHD and see core symptoms Fig 11.2 Melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists are effective hypnotics for sleep onset. They do not help with sleep maintenance Classic ADHD presents around age 7 due to the abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex circuits. dACC is associated with impulsivity, one of the symptoms of ADHD Z drugs are Schedule IV medications. A DEA license is required to prescribe these medications Methylphenidate Section . Methylphenidate blocks DAT and NET Norepinephrine (NE) and Dopamine (DA) are associated with the symptoms of inefficient information processing in the prefrontal circuits. Rather than a deficiency, Stahl (2013) posits that NE and DA are “out of tune”. DA agonists are first line treatment for insomnia related to RLS Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, regulates circadian rhythms.