Medical Terminology and Procedures, Exams of Health Physics

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NREMT Paramedic Exam 159 Questions with Verified Answers.  Crenation - ANS Shrinking of a cell due to osmosis.  Hemolysis - ANS Breaking of a cell.  Atrophy (of a cell) - ANS Also involves the shrinking of a cell, but is not due to an osmotic force, and is usually due to tissue breakdown.  Hypertrophy (of a cell) - ANS Enlarging or thickening of a cell.  Class 1 research - ANS Most reliable and valid, it is the highest and best for citation, research and policy development is derived from prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind studies.  Class 2 research - ANS Biased, non-randomized, or retrospective studies with weaker evidence.  Class 3 research - ANS Case studies, medical opinions, or consensus documents.  Clinical research - ANS focuses on improving pt. outcomes.  Evidence-based research - ANS aims to improve medical practices.  Descriptive statistics - ANS describes a phenomenon.  Inferential statistics - ANS Can use information learned in the groups to make predictions about the general public.  Pandemic disease - ANS Meets two criteria, number 1 is it affects many people across a large region, and number 2, is the disease is infectious in nature.  Trigeminal nerve - ANS 5th cranial nerve, it is responsible for chewing and facial sensation.  Coulometer nerve - ANS 3rd cranial nerve, controls eye movement.  Olfactory nerve - ANS 1st cranial nerve, controls sense of smell.  Where do you crick someone? - ANS Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, and superior to the cricoid cartilage is the cricothyroid ligament (or membrane).  EMS systems do not rely on mobile phones only for long distance communication why? - ANS It can be overwhelmed, esp. in a MCI.  What is the drug name most health care workers use? - ANS Generic.  You have a neonate who is bradycardia at 48bpm, what should you do first? - ANS Begin compressions.  What is the antidote for a Tylenol OD? - ANS Mucomyst.  A pt. who is in cardiac arrest and is intubated should get how many breaths per minute? - ANS 10, one breath every 6 seconds.  A pt. has pinpoint pupils caused by a morphine OD, why does morphine cause that? - ANS Causes parasympathetic simulation which constricts the eyes. Page 1 of 8  What shouldn't you do with transdermal patches? - ANS Never rub it into the skin.  While trying to intubate the paramedic sees a foreign object just distal to the vocal cords, what should they do? - ANS Attempt to remove it with the Magill forceps.  What is the antidote for magnesium toxicity? - ANS Calcium glucometer.  What change in the elderly will have the greatest impact on paramedics? - ANS Decrease in creatinine clearance (kidney function).  What will paramedics see on the monitor for a pt. with WPW? - ANS Slurring of the QRS complex known as the delta wave.  Which heart valve is usually the first to go? - ANS The bicuspid valve.  Why are high-velocity bullets more dangerous than medium velocity? - ANS They cause cavitation which can create more damage.  What is something you can do to identify crush syndrome? - ANS Do an EKG, and look for hyperkalemia (widening QRS and peaked T waves).  What is kerning sign? - ANS It is suspected with meningitis, and it is when the pt. is having difficulty extending the lower leg in the flexed position.  Gastritis - ANS Sudden onset shortly after eating, bad pain, irritates the stomach, tender bad.  What pulmonary issue can affect the lungs unilaterally? - ANS Pulmonary embolism  Tilt test - ANS 20/10/20 rule, a decrease in systolic bop of 20, an increase in pulse of 20, and an increase in diastolic bop of 10. Used to determine pt. level of hydration.  Testicular Torsion - ANS Testicular torsion is an emergency because blood supply to the testes has been reduced due to twisting of the spermatic cord, vessels, and testicles. It commonly occurs in prepubescent boys whose scrotal sac is growing to accommodate the soon-to-enlarge testes.  Chronic hypertension usually results in what kind of stroke? - ANS Hemorrhagic  Providing no contraindications exist, what should be the first attempt of intubation? - ANS Visual laryngoscopy  A patient with a destructive pulmonary disease resulting in alveolar damage will likely have a detrimental change in which one of the lung volumes listed below? - ANS Residual volume, has a hard time expelling all the air, leading in higher CO2 levels  What form of noninvasive pressure support ventilation allows the spontaneously breathing patient to exhale against a lower pressure than she is being aided with upon inspiration? - ANS Bopp  Leading cause of death in sickle cell anemia? - ANS Infection (pneumonia)  Fluid bolus for children? - ANS 20ml/kg, age 5 year old weighs between 30-40 lbs., so that would be 16kg & they'd get 320ml.  Anaphylaxis is what kind of shock? - ANS Distributive. Page 2 of 8  What is the most life threatening risk that is associated with lower bad pain in women? - ANS First, ectopic pregnancy. Second, PID- can lead to sepsis.  What is an anaphylactic reaction? - ANS An allergic reaction that happens after the first exposure to something. It's considered abnormal, and happens when a pt. starts a new med or tries a new food.  What are serotonin reuptake inhibitors? - ANS Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil - used to treat a multitude of psychiatric disorders.  What's the first thing an EMS responder should do when dealing with a car in an MVC? - ANS Make sure the ignition is turned off, and make sure the car is parked with the E brake on.  How far can rotor wing aircraft go? - ANS They are typically deployed for distances less than 100 miles.  For transports greater than 100 miles, what should you do? - ANS Fixed wing transport should be considered first.  Tension headaches present with what S&S? - ANS Bilateral in nature.  Cluster headaches present with what S&S? - ANS Causes severe pain, unilateral, may be a part of a cluster of several headaches over a period of days. More likely to occur in males.  What is a big factor in contributing to a wound not healing? - ANS A pt. with type 2 diabetes. It can affect wounds more than being old.  How does albuterol help in a pt. with a crush injury? - ANS Albuterol promotes movement of potassium to the intracellular space, resolving vascular hyperkalemia.  If someone has a cognitive impairment, what does it affect? - ANS Language skills, memory abilities, and perceptual skills.  If someone has a cerebral impairment, what does that affect? - ANS The ability to ambulate, motor skills.  In the AVR lead, what should it look like? - ANS Inverted everything (P, QRS, T).  How to exactly determine a NG is in the right place? - ANS Aspirate the liquid and verify the PH level.  When using a traction splint, where should the fracture be located to indicate using one? - ANS At the femoral diaphysis. Airshaft fracture. Diaphysis refers to the middle of the bone.  What is autonomic dysreflexia? - ANS Sudden onset of excessively high BP. Usually seen in pt.’s with a spinal cord injury that involve the thoracic nerves (T6 or above).  S&S of autonomic dysreflexia? - ANS Sweating, blurred vision, hypertension, and anxiety. Bradycardia is also common.  A pt. with DKA is likely to a have a hex of what? - ANS Type 1 diabetes.  AHA says the best way to provide ventilation's to someone is how? - ANS Mouth to mask.  Pt.’s age 6-12 months can do what? - ANS Can grasp things with their hands, sit upright on their own & identify objects. Page 5 of 8  What is percussion of the lungs used for? - ANS to determine whether the pt. has a pneumothorax or a hem thorax.  If you use the percussion technique, and you hear a dull sound what does that mean? - ANS It is interpreted as blood or other fluid.  If you use the percussion technique and you hear a hollow sound, what does that mean? - ANS It is interpreted as air.  Adrenergic agents affect or stimulate what? - ANS The CNS system.  What is the first segment of the large intestine? - ANS The cecum.  The cecum in the large intestine is followed by what? - ANS The colon, ascending, transverse, and descending.  Where should you position yourself when gathering info about the pt.? - ANS At the pt.’s eye level.  If someone has decreased peripheral perfusion, what will be affected as far as respiratory goes? - ANS Internal respirations will be diminished.  A white layer of fungus covering a newborn/infants tongue is called what? - ANS Referred to as "thrush" or candidiasis.  What defines schizophrenia? - ANS Delusional, hearing voices, hallucinations, etc. Not something you would see in a bipolar pt.  Neurological deficits secondary to an occlusive stroke are caused by what? - ANS Ischemia and damage to the brain tissue.  If an elderly pt. has open-angle glaucoma what should the paramedic be aware of? - ANS Many medications have an impact on the disease, and paramedics might not be able to give the pt. the meds like they normally would.  ARD's pt. will benefit from what? - ANS CPAP.  What is a frank breech? - ANS Occurs when the buttocks are presenting out of the vaginal canal.  What is a complete breech? - ANS When the legs are folded and complete cross in front of the infant.  What is a positive inotropic agent? - ANS Dopamine, or dobutamine.  What can happen to someone who OD's on antacids? - ANS Metabolic alkalosis - tingling, dizziness, seizures, tremors.  What gas law describes the bellows action of the chest? - ANS Boyle's law, think "Boyle's bubbles".  Henry's law describes what? - ANS The effects of pressure on keeping gases dissolved in liquids "Henry's hyperbaric".  What makes up "stroke volume"? - ANS Determined by ventricular preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload.  Sodium biker is now no longer used when? - ANS In cardiac arrest situations. It may be used in cases of suspected hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and tricyclic overdose. Page 6 of 8  Use of nitroglycerin should be withheld in the event of what kind of MI? - ANS Inferior.  How to test for a change in cardiac output? - ANS SV x HR. whichever answer is furthest from the baseline is the correct one.  What is one limitation to be considered when using rotor-wing transport not present in other modes of transportation? - ANS Pt. weight.  What is the major factor that sets apart a TIA from other strokes? - ANS It's symptoms last less than 24 hrs.  The FDA categories for medication while pregnant are what? - ANS A, B, C, D, X, and NR. A is considered safe. B is when the risks to the fetus are remote. C indicates fetal risk, which cannot be ruled out. D means there is evidence of fetal risk. X is complete off limits for pregnancy. NR means "no rating".  DNA is stored within the of the cell? - ANS The nucleus.  Succinylcholine is contraindicated in what kind of pts.? - ANS Pt.’s with suspected hyperkalemia. Burns, crush injuries, or prolonged bed rest, and dialysis pt.’s because the frequently experience electrolyte imbalances.  What is a cumulative effect when giving meds? - ANS The total effect of two medications for the clinical treatment of a single condition.  If a pt. has a LVAD device, and goes into cardiac arrest, what should be done? - ANS A manual foot or hand pump may be used to support circulation. Do not start compressions as it could tear the LVAD from the muscle wall. Electrical therapy can be performed, but the pump needs to be disconnected first.  Unstuffed ET tubes are used for what ages? - ANS Until ages 8-10.  What’s the formula for figuring out proper ET tube size? - ANS (age + 16) / 4  The leading cause of death in the elderly population is? - ANS Cardiovascular disease.  Someone who is diagnosed with ataxia will experience what? - ANS Loss of coordination and balance.  What is a cumulative effect when giving meds? - ANS The total effect of two medications  A BGL reading less than what in a neonate is considered hypoglycemic? - ANS Less than 45.  Tinnitus is caused by what medication? - ANS Baby aspirin.  How do the physiological effects of aging impact the dosing of certain medications? (Particularly the ones that dissolve in fat) - ANS The med will stay in the body longer in the elderly, because of the higher body fat %. The elderly have a lot less muscle.  DKA is best treated in the prehospital setting with what? - ANS An isotonic fluid admin at 1.5 to 2 times typical maintenance rate.  What is not a way to stabilize a vehicle? - ANS Lifting the vehicle off the ground, using air bags.  Wernicke's encephalopathy is commonly caused by what? - ANS A chronic deficiency of vitamin B1. Page 7 of 8