NSG520 Module 3: Inflammation & Wound Healing (MSN-DE) Herzing University Questions with A, Exams of Nursing

Download NSG520 Module 3: Inflammation & Wound Healing (MSN-DE) Herzing University Questions with A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NSG520 Module 3: Inflammation & Wound Healing (MSN-DE) Herzing University Questions with Answers 2024 EXAM REV MATERIAL The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to local vasodilation (T or F) - SOLUTION FALSE: The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to any tissue injury. Chemical mediator released during the inflammatory response include which of the following? 1. Histamine and prostaglandins 2. Growth factors and cell enzymes 3. Macrophages and neutrophils 4. Albumin and fibrinogen - SOLUTION Histamine and prostaglandins Pain and increased capillary permeability are the result from the release of chemical mediators following a moderate burn injury. T or F. - SOLUTION TRUE Migration of leukocytes to the area is the last step in the inflammatory response after a tissue injury. T or F. - SOLUTION TRUE Macrophages are nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses. T or F. - SOLUTION FALSE The process of phagocytosis involves which of the following? 1. Shift of fluid and protein out of capillaries 2. Movement of erythrocytes through the capillary wall 3. Formation of a fibrin mesh around the infected area 4. Ingestion of foreign material and cell debris by leukocytes - SOLUTION Ingestion of foreign material and cell debris by leukocytes _______ inflammation occurs rapidly in reaction to cell injury. - SOLUTION ACUTE A polyp is a small mass of cells with a necrotic center and covered by connective tissue. T or F. - SOLUTION FALSE (a granuloma is a small mass of cells with a necrotic center and covered by connective tissue) The body's _____ (first, second, or third) line of immune defense is nonspecific, or a general defense mechanism, including a mechanical barrier such as the skin or mucous membrane that blocks entry of bacteria or harmful substances into the tissues - SOLUTION FIRST The body's second line of defense includes the nonspecific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation. T or F. - SOLUTION TRUE The body's second line of defense is the specific mechanism that provides protection by stimulating the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances. T or F. - SOLUTION FALSE ______ arrive first to the site of cell injury, are the most numerous of all WBCs, and are part of the innate immune system (hint: type of WBC) - SOLUTION Neutrophils Allergic Responses: antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) class bind to basophil receptors, causing them to release their stores of inflammatory chemicals, including histamine, serotonin, and leukotrienes (QUESTION: What type of WBC responds?) - SOLUTION Basophils (Remember: Basophils respond to basophil receptors!) What type of WBC is active in larger parasitic infections, allergy responses, and some cancers? - SOLUTION Eosinophil (THINK: Old MacDonald had a farm; EIEIO - E is for eosinophil and there are PARASITES on the farm!) Largest WBC is ______; these differentiates into macrophages that clean up cellular debris in the inflammatory process - SOLUTION Monocytes (THINK: Mmmonocytes differentiate into Mmmacrophages - both start with letter M) Fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever are systemic effects of severe inflammation. T or F. - SOLUTION TRUE Which of the following statements applies to fever? CHOOSE ONE. The use of aspirin in children older than 18 years is associated with Reye's syndrome. True/False - SOLUTION FALSE (Read the question carefully!) Nonaspirin first-generation NSAIDs do cause suppression of platelet aggregation, but the suppression is reversible. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Taking NSAIDs with meals helps prevent GI upset. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE NSAIDs are safe to take while breast-feeding. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Patients should apply smaller amounts of topical diclofenac to the upper extremities. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Which of the following statements is true regarding ketorolac? CHOOSE ONE. 1. Ketorolac can only be administered orally. 2. Ketorolac can be used for chronic or minor pain. 3. Ketorolac is not indicated for chronic or minor pain 4. Most prescriptions of ketorolac are for two weeks duration. - SOLUTION Ketorolac is not indicated for chronic or minor pain RECALL: Ketorolac is an NSAID used for short-term treatment of MODERATE-to-SEVERE PAIN. Not used long-term due to risk of GI bleed/kidney damage. Think: Ketorolac kills kidneys. Indomethacin can be given IV to preterm infants to promote closure of the ductus arteriosus. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Piroxicam has a long half-life of about 50 hours. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE THINK: CAM will be with us for 50 hours before he has to leave (piroxiCAM) Celecoxib is used off-label for a rare genetic disorder known as familial adenomatous polyposis. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE ______ is a derivative of salicylic acid. - SOLUTION Diflunisal is a derivative of salicylic acid. Oxaprozin has a half-life of 12-17 hours and can be used for arthritis, moderate pain, fever, dysmenorrhea, and bursitis. True/False - SOLUTION FALSE *Naproxen* has a half-life of 12-17 hours and can be used for arthritis, moderate pain, fever, dysmenorrhea, and bursitis. Acetaminophen does not have adverse GI, renal and antiplatelet effects. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is activated charcoal. True/False - SOLUTION FALSE Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen. Acetaminophen poses a risk of liver toxicity when taken chronically or in larger doses, especially when combined with alcohol. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE There is an increased risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin with Zyrtec. True/False - SOLUTION There is an increased risk of bleeding in patient taking warfarin with *acetaminophen* American Heart Association (AHA) recommends a stepped-care approach to the use of COX inhibitors for chronic pain. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Diclofenac and Ibuprofen are considered first-generation NSAIDs. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Celecoxib is a 2nd-generation NSAID. Acetaminophen reduces inflammation. True/False - SOLUTION FALSE Hepatic necrosis from acetaminophen overdose results from the accumulation of a toxic metabolite. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE In the United States, Ibuprofen is used more than any other analgesic. True/False - SOLUTION FALSE In the United States, *acetaminophen* is used more than any other analgesic. _____ are contraindicated for children with chickenpox or influenza. - SOLUTION NSAIDs (Due to risk of Reye's syndrome) How are the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids regulated? 1. Stimulated by decreased glucose level. 2. A negative feedback loop. 3. Stimulated by elevated glucose. 4. A positive feedback loop. - SOLUTION The syntheses and release of glucocorticoids are regulated by a *negative feedback loop* At times of physiologic stress (e.g., surgery, infection, trauma, hypovolemia), the adrenal glands secrete large quantities of glucocorticoids and epinephrine. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Which of the following statements is true regarding glucocorticoids? 1. Physiologic doses are used to treat inflammatory disorders. 2. Glucocorticoids have both endocrine and nonendocrine uses. 3. Patients treated for adrenocortical insufficiency receive pharmacologic doses. 4. Pharmacologic effects are achieved with low doses of glucocorticoids. - SOLUTION Glucocorticoids have both endocrine and nonendocrine uses. A baseline vitamin D level *is recommended* prior to starting long-term glucocorticoid therapy. A patient taking high doses of a glucocorticoid develops weakness in the muscles of the upper arms and legs. What will the nurse anticipate doing next? Contact the provider to ask about reducing the dose. Encourage the patient to restrict sodium intake Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect Tell the patient to stop taking the drug - SOLUTION The nurse will contact the provider to ask about reducing the dose. Patients cannot abruptly stop taking glucocorticoids because of the need to allow time for recovery of the adrenal function. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Group the therapeutic uses and adverse effects related to glucocorticoids. - SOLUTION THERAPEUTIC USES: RA, SLE, IBD ADVERSE EFFECTS: Osteoporosis, adrenal insufficiency, infection. The study of microorganisms or microbes, very small living forms that are visible only with a microscope is ______. - SOLUTION Microbiology Disease-causing microbes often referred to as "germs." - SOLUTION Pathogens Provides the required nutrients to grow bacteria in a laboratory for testing. - SOLUTION Culture medium Prokaryotic cells that are simple in structure, lack nuclear membrane, but function metabolically and reproduce are _____. - SOLUTION Bacteria No intermediary, such as touching an infectious lesion or sexual intercourse. What is the mode of transmission called? - SOLUTION Direct Involving an intermediary such as a contaminated hand or food, or a fomite, an inanimate object such as instruments or bed linen that carries organisms. What is the mode of transmission called? - SOLUTION Indirect Occurring when respiratory or salivary secretions containing pathogens such as tuberculosis bacteria are expelled from the body. What is the mode of transmission called? - SOLUTION Droplet Microbes are not pathogenic under normal circumstances but may cause disease if they are transferred to another location in the body, if the balance among the species is not maintained, or if the body's defenses are impaired are termed _____. - SOLUTION Opportunistic Proteins produced by human host cells in response to viral invasion of the cell are called _____. - SOLUTION Interferons THINK: invasion = interferons Slight changes in the organism may occur spontaneously or in response to environmental conditions, including the presence of drugs are called _____. - SOLUTION Mutations _____ provide the basic guidelines by which all blood, body fluids, and wastes are considered "infected" in any client regardless of the client's apparent condition. - SOLUTION Universal Precautions _____ refers to the capacity of microbes to cause disease. - SOLUTION Pathogenicity The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 10- 15% of patients acquire an infection in the hospital, which is called a nosocomial infection. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE The use of disinfectants is important to break the cycle and minimize the risk of infection. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Alcohol-based handrubs have limitations; however, they significantly improve hand hygiene among healthcare workers. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Hand hygiene with soap and water should be performed for at least _____ seconds. - SOLUTION 15 seconds Hand hygiene with soap and water should be performed for at least 5 seconds. True/False - SOLUTION FALSE (15 seconds is correct) Systemic agents are more effective because they are not affected by wound exudates. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE Antiseptics are useful as prophylaxis. True/False - SOLUTION TRUE A nurse is caring for a patient with an infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. Which action is most important for reducing the transmission of this disease? Using an alcohol-based hand rub after each patient contact. Wearing gloves while caring for the patient. Disinfecting the bedpan with an antiseptic solution. Using antibacterial hand soap when washing the hands. - SOLUTION Answer: Using antibacterial hand soap when washing the hands.