NU 2000 final QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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NU 2000 final QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS Nurse Practioner - CORRECT ANSWER_-Master's & Post-master's certificate -trained to assess pt needs, order & interpret diagnostic & lab tests, diagnose disease & make treatment plans -training does not provide depth of expertise needed to recognize more complex conditions Clinical Nurse Specialist - CORRECT ANSWER_-Master's & Doctoral degree -perform health assessments, make diagnoses, deliver treatment, develop quality control methods -work in consultation, research, education & administration Certified Nurse Midwife - CORRECT ANSWER_-Master's -can prescribe meds -helps with delivering babies Certified Registered Nurse Anethetist - CORRECT ANSWER_-Master's & Doctors may collaborate with physician anesthesiologists or work independently input - CORRECT ANSWER_the raw material, such as info, energy, or matter that enters a system and is transformed by it. ex: students, faculty, ideas, desire to learn throughput - CORRECT ANSWER_consists of the processes a system uses to convert raw materials into a form that can be used, by the system or the environment ex: learning experiences such as readings, lectures, clinicals, labs, discussions output - CORRECT ANSWER_the end result or product of a system ex: well-educated grads evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER_measuring the success or failure of the output and consequently the effectiveness of the system to be successful, outcome criteria against which performance or product quality is measured must be identified ex: NCLEX exam feedback - CORRECT ANSWER_the process of communicating what is found in eval of the system. info is given back to the system to determine whether the purpose, or end result, has been achieved ex: % of students that pass NCLEX on first try metaparadigm - CORRECT ANSWER_nursing theory framework for holistic nursing practice -defines major concepts of the discipline woodhull study on nursing and the media - CORRECT ANSWER_-students examined 20,000 articles from newspapers, magazines & trade publications -findings: Nurses & Nursing professions are essentially invisible to the media & the American public Johnson & Johnson Campaign - CORRECT ANSWER_-campaign for nurse's future -enhance the image of nursing profession, recruit new nurses, and educators informed consent - CORRECT ANSWER_pts must have an opportunity to grant this before treatment unless there is a life-threatening emergency 3 conditions of informed consent - CORRECT ANSWER_1. Voluntarily 2. Given by an individual with the capacity & competence to understand 3. Pt must be given enough info exceptions to obligation of confidentiality - CORRECT ANSWER_-Discussing the care of patients with others involved in their direct care, quality assurance activities, legally mandated disclosure to public health authorities, and information required by third-party payers -Disclosing information without the patient's consent when the safety of innocent parties is in question Professsion --> Flexner Report - CORRECT ANSWER_-intellectual and accompanied by a high degree of individual responsibility -body of knowledge that can be learned and is developed & refined through practice -practical & theoretical -high specialized education -Metaparadigm -practitioners are motivated by altruism & ethical Hall's professional model - CORRECT ANSWER_5 attributes: -professional org use as a primary point of reference -belief in public service -belief in self-regulation -commitment to profession beyond economic incentives -autonomy to practice 3 criteria consistently appearing in Hall's model - CORRECT ANSWER_altruism, specialized knowledge, ethics/autonomy prefessionalization - CORRECT ANSWER_occupations evolve into professions during this process occupation - CORRECT ANSWER_-training occurs on the job -length of training varies -work is largely manual -decision making is guided by experience or trial & error -values, beliefs, and ethics are not prominent features of preparation -supervised -people often change jobs -material reward is main motivation -accountability rests with the employer profession - CORRECT ANSWER_-education in college or university -education is prolonged -work involves mental creativity -decision making is based largely on EBP -values, beliefs & ethics are an integral part -commitment & personal identification are strong -workers are autonomous -accountability rests with individual society's expectations of nursing - CORRECT ANSWER_o Caring service o Primacy of the patient o Knowledge, skill & competence o Hazardous service o Responsibility and accountability o Progress and development o Ethical practice o Collaboration o Promotion of the health of the public Nursing's expectations of society - CORRECT ANSWER_o Autonomy of practice o Self-governance o Title and practice protection o Respect and just compensation o Freedom to practice o Workforce sustainability o Protection in hazardous service Standards - CORRECT ANSWER_-authoritative statements of the duties that all RN's regardless of role, population or specialty are expected to perform competently -Assessment -diagnosis -outcomes ID -planning -implementation nursing diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER_Clinical judgment about the patient in response to an actual or potential health problem Nursing process= dynamic & ongoing - CORRECT ANSWER_continually moving from one phase to another and then beginning the process again to ensure that the problem is resolved or being resolved health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER_assist pts to: remain healthy, prevent disease & injuries, detect diseases early, promote healthier lifestyles ex: health ed programs, exercise programs, health fairs, nutrition ed illness prevention - CORRECT ANSWER_address health problems after risk factors are identified ex: community health programs, promo of healthy lifestyles, occupational safety programs primary care services - CORRECT ANSWER_-when the patient first enters the health care system -where much of health promotion & illness prevention take place -ex: student health clinics, emergency departments, NP clinics secondary care services - CORRECT ANSWER_-management by a specialist after being referred by a PCP ex: cardiologist, pulmonologist tertiary care services - CORRECT ANSWER_-provided to acutely ill, those requiring LTC, those needs rehab services and the terminally ill ex: pediatric hospitals, trauma centers, LTC facilities, hospice quarternary care - CORRECT ANSWER_research facility formal socialization - CORRECT ANSWER_a structured socialization process conducted outside of the work setting using specifically designed activities and materials ex: lectures, online activities, assignments, clinicals, preceptorship, externship informal socialization - CORRECT ANSWER_socialization in which peers and more experienced members train newcomers as they carry out their roles unstructured, on the job, done by coworkers ex: unplanned observation, participating in a student nursing association, discussing pts in nursing lounge learning rites, rituals & values of nursing Cohen's Model of Socialization - CORRECT ANSWER_1. unilateral dependence 2. negativity/independence 3. dependence/mutuality 4. interdependence unilateral dependence - CORRECT ANSWER_reliant on external authority; limited questioning or critical analysis inexperienced do as they are told negativity/independence - CORRECT ANSWER_cognitive rebellion; diminished reliance on external authority critical thinking abilities and knowledge expand rely more on own judgment think critically about what they are being taught may not consult faculty dependence/mutuality - CORRECT ANSWER_Reasoned appraisal; begins integration of facts and opinions following objective testing impartial: accepts some ideas, rejects others appreciate usefulness of nursing process interdependence - CORRECT ANSWER_-needs for independence & mutuality come together -develop capacity to make decisions in collaboration with others -highly self-directed, seeking out learning experiences to maximize knowledge before completion of education Benner's stages of development - CORRECT ANSWER_novice advanced beginner competent practitioner proficient practitioner expert practitioner novice - CORRECT ANSWER_-students enroll in nursing school -little background to base clinical behaviors on -depend on rules & expectations 3. as health care in the US is being transformed, nurses should be full partners with other HC providers 4. improved data collection and info can result in more effective workplace pLANNING research vs. problem solving (research aspect) - CORRECT ANSWER_-significant number of people affected or significant impact on a smaller # of people. broad scope impact -theoretical framework: keys to researching the problem found in previous research -extensive review of literature to determine latest thinking & research -generalizable or transferable to similar situations problem-solving vs research (PS aspect) - CORRECT ANSWER_-situation specific -often no bias, trial & error -practical knowledge, common sense & experience -useful in immediate situation; may or may not be useful in other situations characteristics of a researchable problem - CORRECT ANSWER_-occurs frequently -does not pose an ethical challenge -repeatable -may test whether a theory or model does predict pt's responses 3 sources of research - CORRECT ANSWER_clinical situations, literature, theorists research process - CORRECT ANSWER_Formulate research question Prepare research design or hypothesis implement the study draw conclusions based on findings discussion &/or clinical implications dissemination of findings review of literature - CORRECT ANSWER_• Comprehensive and covers all relevant research • Essential to locate similar or related studies that have already been completed and on which a new study can build • Answer the question "what have other researchers and theorists written about this problem?" Formulation of the research question or hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER_-Hypothesis - educated or informed speculation as to what the outcome will be *The researcher defines the variables. design of the study - CORRECT ANSWER_-experimental designs provide evidence of a cause-and- effect relationship btwn actions -nonexperimental designs- descriptive & exploratory because the investigator is looking to increase knowledge base implementation of the study - CORRECT ANSWER_data collection data analysis drawing conclusions based on findings - CORRECT ANSWER_findings presented objectively discussion &/or clinical implications - CORRECT ANSWER_suggestions of things that should be done in the future as a result of the study's findings and conclusions good studies raise more questions than it answers dissemination of the findings - CORRECT ANSWER_process of publication and presentation of findings evidence-based practice - CORRECT ANSWER_an approach to delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence from research studies and patient care data with clinician expertise & pt preferences & values Steps of EBP - CORRECT ANSWER_-cultivate a spirit of inquiry -ask clinical questions in PICOT format -search for the best evidence -critically appraise the evidence -integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and pt preferences and values -eval the outcomes of the practice decisions or changes based on evidence -disseminate EBP results compassion fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER_loss of physical energy, burnout, emotional breakdowns, apathy, indifference, poor judgment, disinterest examples of "caring for the profession" - CORRECT ANSWER_join a professional org, protect the image of nursing, maximize your education, promote civility, take criticism appropriately, end nurse- nurse incivility escalation of incivility - CORRECT ANSWER_-stems from feedback they don't like -start: distracting, annoying, irritating behaviors -increasing: taunting, ethnic slurs, intimidation -extreme: bullying, aggression, violence