NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursi, Exams of Nursing

Download NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursi and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing General principles of Nursing Informatics Nursing informatics is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. One of the most frequently quoted and widely accepted definitions of nursing informatics is that it is a combination of nursing science, information science and computer science · Knowledge • All nurses have the opportunity to be involved in the formal dissemination of knowledge via their participation in professional conferences either as presenters or attendees. • All nurses, regardless of the practice arena, must use informatics and technology to inform and support that practice. · Wisdom • Wisdom is the application of knowledge to an appropriate situation. • In the practice of nursing science, we expect action and/or actions directed by wisdom. • Wisdom uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. It is developed through knowledge, experience, insight and reflection. · Scientific Underpinning The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for advanced nursing practice. These scientific underpinnings include sciences such as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing. · The Foundation of Knowledge Model According to Mastrain and McGonigle (2009), one of the most prominent models associated with nursing informatics is the Foundation of Knowledge model. This theory involves integrating four main kinds of knowledge, which are: knowledge acquisition, knowledge dissemination, knowledge generation and knowledge processing. Knowledge acquisition: application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services and interventions to patients to maintain, enhance, or restore their health, NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing and to acquire, NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing nursing practice Clinical Decision support systems A computer-based program designed to assist clinicians in making clinical decisions by filtering or integrating vast amounts of information and providing suggestions for clinical intervention. · Electronic Medical Records legal record created in hospitals and ambulatory environments that is the source of data for the EHR -long referred to as single episode treatment -comprised of structured and unstructured data · Human-Technology Interface The hardware and software through which the user interacts with any technology (e.g., computers, patient monitors, telephone, etc.). · Health Information Technology Management and processing of information with the assistance of computers. Computers and IT provide tools that aid data collection and the analysis associated with research to support the overall work of nurses. · Alarm fatigue You get so many alerts that you get numb to them and begin ignoring them · Digital natives Not computer smart, unable to navigate through computers easily. Lack of computer skills. · Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing Developed by the TIGER initiative. Three components identified: (1) information literacy, (2) computer literacy, and (3) clinical information management 1. Information literacy a. Ability to identify when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and effectively use the same b. Evaluation of online resources for quality NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing c. Able to search literature databases effectively 2. Computer literacy a. Basic familiarity with computer uses and common applications b. Ability to navigate hyperlinks c. Able to set up and use a database 3. Clinical information management a. Uses clinical decision making (CDS) and system safeguards to protect patients and protected health information (PHI) b. Able to request and evaluate reports for the purpose of informed decision making c. Participate in the selection, design, and evaluation of clinical information systems and patient-care technologies d. Uses available technologies to appropriately and effectively communicate · HITECH Act push for more technology to be used especially for education · TIGER-based Nursing Informatics Competencies Model The work of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform team. This team of nursing leaders developed a vision for utilizing information technology to transform nursing practice. Pillars of the TIGER vision include: management and leadership, education, communication and collaboration, informatics design, information technology, policy, and culture. WEEK ONE READING/KEY POINTS McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2018). ● Chapter 1 ○ Nursing informatics: specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science ○ For information to be valuable & quality it must be: ■ Accessible & Utility: right user obtain right information at the right time in the right format ■ Accurate: ■ Timely: available when needed for the right purpose at the right time ■ Complete: contains all necessary essential data NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ■ Cost-effective ■ Flexible: information may be used for a variety or purposes ■ Reliable: authoritative or credible source ■ Relevant: subjective descriptor that has relevant information that is useful ■ Simple ■ Verifiable ■ Transparency: allows user to apply their intellect to accomplish tasks while tools housing the information disappears into the background ■ Secure ■ Reproducibility: ability to produce the same information again ● Chapter 2 ○ Data: raw facts ○ Information: processed data that has meaning ○ Data integrity: whole, complete, correct, and consistent data ○ Dirty data: database that contains errors such as duplicate, incomplete, or outdated records NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing processing device of the brain and nervous system that consists of a considerable amount of elements or units linked together in a pattern of connections ○ Sources of knowledge ■ Empiricism: knowledge derived from experiences or senses ■ Rationalism: knowledge derived from reason ■ Instinct, reason, intuition ○ Epistemology: the study of the nature and origin of knowledge ○ Wisdom: knowing when and how to apply knowledge (knowledge is understanding information in a way that it can be made useful) ○ Cognitive informatics: field of study that bridges the gap in understanding how information is processed in the mind and in the computer ○ AI: field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies-- uses cognitive science and computer science to replicate and generate human intelligence ● Chapter 6 ○ Nursing informatics: specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice ■ NI supports nurses, consumers, patients, the interprofessional healthcare team and all other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and settings to achieve desired outcomes ● Tools to achieve this may include EHR, barcode med admin programs, patient monitoring devices, and telehealth tools ○ DIKW paradigm: data, information, knowledge, and wisdom ■ Also known as the conceptual framework ● Data: discrete facts, describe the patient or their environment-- ex: medical dx (CHF), living status (alone) ● Information: data + meaning, answers questions such as who, what, where, NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing when-- ex: (CHF, unspecified) (78 yo living alone) ● Knowledge: information synthesized so that relations and interactions are defined and formalized, answers questions of why or how (CHF, unspecified, living alone, 70 yo, d/c from hospital on blood thinners- indicated high risk for ADR) ● Wisdom: use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems-- ex: nurse prioritizes patient above others ○ International classification of nursing practice:initiative to standardize the language of nursing practice ■ Better communication among nurses and providers, increased visibility of nursing interventions, improved patient care, enhanced data collection to evaluate nursing care outcomes, greater adherence to standards of care, and facilitation of assessment of nursing competency ○ Knowledge worker: advanced formal education and is able to apply theoretical and analytical knowledge ■ Innovators that work to produce the foundation for organizational sustainability and growth ■ Nurses transition from knowledge users to knowledge builders when they examine clinical data and trends across groups of patients WEEK TWO READING/KEY POINTS McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2018). ● Chapter 7 ○ Advocate/policy developer ■ A nurse informatics specialist who is key to developing the infrastructure of health policy. Policy development on the local, national, and international levels is an integral part of this role. ○ Certification NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ■ System for validating that a nurse possesses certain skills and knowledge or is competent to complete a task. Competence and skill level are determined by or based on an external review, assessment, examination, or education. ○ Consultant ■ A person hired to provide expert advice, opinions, and recommendations based on his or her area of expertise. ○ Data ■ Raw facts that lack meaning. ○ Decision support/outcomes manager ■ Person charged with reviewing the effects of interventions suggested by the computerized decision support system. ○ Educator ■ Sage, leader, and/or guide who assists in the process or practice of learning. ○ Entrepreneur ■ Person who assumes the risks of beginning an enterprise or business and accepts responsibility for organizing and managing the organization. ○ Informatics ■ A field that integrates a specialty’s science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in a specialty’s practice. ○ Informatics innovator ■ One who makes enhancements or improvements and creative, novel, and inventive solutions in the informatics specialty. ○ Informatics nurse specialist ■ A registered nurse with formal, graduate education in the field of informatics or a related field, who is considered a specialist in the field of nursing informatics. ○ Knowledge worker ■ Those who work with information and generate information and knowledge as NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ○ Systems engineering ■ An approach where technology manufacturers partner with organizations to identify risks to patient safety and promote safe technology integration. ○ Wearable technology ■ The study or practice of inventing, designing, building, or using miniature body-borne computational and sensory devices. McBride, S., & Tietze, M. ● Chapter 2 ○ Advanced practice ■ Designed to improve the science of simulation and share best practice and provide evidence based guidelines. ○ Interprofessional ■ Collaborating and interacting with other healthcare professionals to ensure positive patient outcomes. ● Chapter 24 ○ Competencies ■ Rely primarily on methods that self-report through survey instrumentation methods. Valid and reliable methods to evaluate informatics competencies measurably and objectively within simulation centers are not currently available. ○ electronic health record ■ Creating a significant change in the way clinicians access, read, digest, and use the information within the health record to treat patients. ○ Simulation ■ Simulation-based learning requires learners to actively participate in dynamic experiences as opposed to static, traditional modes of learning. WEEK THREE READING/ KEY POINTS McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. ● Chapter 11 NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ○ Cognitive task analysis ■ Examination of the nature of a task by breaking it down into its component parts and identifying the performers’ thought processes. ○ Cognitive walkthrough ■ Within cognitive walkthrough when evaluators assess a paper mockup, working prototype, or completed interface by observing the steps users are likely to take to use the interface ■ . This analysis helps designers determine how understandable and easy to learn the interface is likely to be for these users and the typical tasks ○ Cognitive work analysis ■ Cognitive work analysis was developed for the analysis of complex, high-technology work domains ■ A complete CWA includes five types of analysis: (1) work domain, (2) control tasks, (3) strategies, (4) social– organizational, and (5) worker competencies ■ Work domain analysis describes the functions of the system and identifies the information that users need to accomplish their task goals ○ Earcons ■ Auditory tones that are combined to represent relationships among data elements, such as the relationship of systolic blood pressure to diastolic blood pressure. ○ Ergonomics ■ describe the physical characteristics of equipment—for example, the optimal fit of a scissors to a human hand. ○ Field study ■ Study in which end users evaluate a prototype in the actual work setting prior to its general release. Also called field test, alpha test, or beta test. ○ Gulf of evaluation ■ The gap between knowing one’s intention (goal) and knowing the effects of one’s actions. ○ Gulf execution ■ The gap between knowing what one wants to NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing have happen (the goal) and knowing what to do to bring it about (the means to achieve the goal). ○ Heuristic evaluation ■ An evaluation in which a small number of evaluators (often experts in relevant fields such as human factors or cognitive engineering) evaluate the degree to which an interface design complies with recognized usability principles (the “heuristics”). ○ human -computer interaction ■ How people use and interact with computers; the study of how people use computers and software applications and the ways that computers influence people. ○ Human factors ■ Recognizing the limitations of human performance and developing products to overcome these limitations. ○ Human tech interaction ■ How users interact with technology. The study of that interaction. ○ Mapping ■ How environmental facts (e.g., the order of light switches or variables in a physiologic monitoring display) are accurately depicted by the information presentation. ○ Situational awareness ■ The ability to detect, integrate, and understand critical information that leads to an overall understanding of a problem or situation. ○ Task analysis ■ Analytic technique that focuses on how a task must be accomplished, including detailed descriptions of task- related activities, task characteristics and complexity, and the environmental conditions required for a person to perform a given task. ○ Usability ■ The ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal. Issues of human performance during computer interactions for specific tasks within a NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ■ Quality ● Chapter 8 ○ Agile ■ Agile development is a technique that is a programmer-driven technique that creates a feedback loop with the end users. This NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing technique is based primarily on verbal communication with the end user and does not rely on documentation strategies ○ Alpha testing ■ testing is done using test data or “made-up” data. ○ beta testing ■ gets a step closer to production with a sample of “real” data to test how the system functions and looks for any errors that might arise. ○ big-bang implementation ■ all units or hospitals in a system go live at once ○ command center ■ A 24-hour resource center on site for the first 3 days of each rollout. ○ commercial off-the-shelf products ■ require customization. Customization must be done in- house by a design team, or the design team is contracted through the vendor or a service provider company. This design work requires close alignment with end-user requirements. ○ core implementation team ■ The team is on site the first 24 hours and available by cell or pager for 2 weeks thereafter. ○ cost–benefit analysis ■ Is the cost worth the benefit ○ Evaluation ■ Evaluating how well the product is working ○ Implementation ■ Putting the product into effect ○ integration testing ■ one or more modules or components work together (integrate) and function as designed. ○ project management ■ is an essential tool of the design phase of the SDLC because it is required to keep implementation and development projects on time, in scope, and within budget. ○ rapid application development ■ RAD deploys software tools and analysis and design strategies to speed up development. The goal is to get systems rapidly into the hands of NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing the end user to test and refine the product to meet the end-user requirements ○ request for information ■ is a shorter, less detailed request that surveys what type of products might fit the end user’s needs, ○ request for proposal (RFP) ■ includes detailed specifications and requirements that typically serve as a more binding proposal or offer to accomplish the goals or product needs of the customer ○ return on investment (ROI) ■ electronic information systems and technology in the healthcare setting is an important consideration, but other success factors include improvements in quality, safety, and population health. ○ Scrum ■ is considered by some to be the most popular software development agile framework and is a term used for iteration ○ Sprint ■ is defined by the “scrum master” or the agile team’s facilitator. ○ Superuser ■ Users that have expert technology skills ○ system testing ■ is typically done by the system analyst to make sure the system functions as the designer understood it to be developed. ○ systems development life cycle (SDLC) ■ is a standardized approach used to develop and implement an information technology (IT). ■ This framework is often used across industries to structure best practices for IT development and deployment. ■ SDLC is a phased approach used to analyze and design information systems that is broken into distinct phases ○ unit testing ■ is one specific component or module that performs a specific task NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ○ E-health ■ Healthcare initiatives and practice supported by electronic or digital media. The most typical use is for patient and family education where information is communicated electronically. ○ eHealth Initiative ■ Initiative developed to address the growing need for managing health information and to promote technology ○ Empowerment ■ Promotion of self-actualization; achievement of power or control over one’s own life. ○ Gray gap ■ A term used to reflect the age disparities in computer connectivity; there are fewer persons older than age 65 who use computer technology than members of younger age groups. ○ HONcode ■ One of the two most common symbols that power users look for to identify trusted health sites. ○ Interactive technologies ■ Technologies that promote or support user communication with other persons ○ Know–do gap ■ Situation that exists because solutions to global health problems are available but are not implemented in a timely fashion because of the lack of access to important health information. ○ Static medium ■ Something that cannot be updated ○ Trust-e ■ One of the two most common symbols that power users look for to identify trusted health sites. ○ Voice recognition ■ A type of software that allows the user to input data or to navigate the Web using voice commands. ○ Web quests ■ Searches of the World Wide Web for information. ○ Weblog NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing ■ A website that contains the contributions of single or multiple users about a particular topic or issue. ● Chapter 17 ○ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ■ A federal agency that acts as a repository for research and data regarding hazardous materials that serves the public by using the best science ○ Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ■ An assessment system initially designed to collect information on the movement of mentally impaired persons from state- operated facilities into community settings. ○ Bioterrorism ■ The use of pathogens or other potentially harmful biological agents to sicken or kill members of a targeted population. ○ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ■ An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that works to protect public health and safety related to disease control and prevention. ○ Community risk assessment (CRA) ■ A comprehensive examination of a community to identify factors that potentially affect the health of the members of that community. ○ Crowdsourcing ■ Information generated by individuals on social media. ○ Epidemiology ■ The field of study identifying things that come upon the people. Incidence, prevalence, and control of disease. ○ National Center for Public Health Informatics (NCPHI) ■ Center created in 2005 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide leadership in the field of public health informatics. ○ National health information network ■ An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services charged with the development NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing of a safe, secure, interoperable health information infrastructure. ○ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ■ A survey sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that combines both questionnaires and physical examinations to collect data on the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. ○ Public health ■ The science of protecting the well-being of communities and the population through education, research, intervention, and prevention. ○ Public health informatics ■ An aspect of informatics focused on the promotion of health and disease prevention in populations and communities. ○ Public health interventions ■ Actions taken to promote and secure the well- being of a population or a community. ○ Regional health information exchanges ■ A regional network of healthcare organizations and providers who exchange information related to the health of the population. ○ Risk assessment ■ Determination of risk or danger, such as assessing for risk factors related to heart disease. ○ Suicide Prevention Community Assessment Tool ■ Risk assessment method that addresses general community information, prevention networks, and the demographics of the target population as well as community assets and risk factors. ○ Surveillance ■ The act of watching for trends in health- related data for early detection of health threats. ○ Surveillance data systems ■ A networked computer system designed to use health- related data trends to predict the probability of an outbreak of a contagious or NUR599-Midterm Study guide Informatics latest update 202/2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing