Research Methods in Nursing: Understanding Different Approaches and Techniques, Exams of Nursing

Download Research Methods in Nursing: Understanding Different Approaches and Techniques and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 225 Liberty University Final Exam 170 Questions and Answers. What indicates a need for further research? - ANS A gap Most research takes place in what type of settings? - ANS Academic and Health Care Organization settings What is needed that is not answered in the current literature? - ANS A research question! In order for a question to be researchable, the researcher must be able to do what? - ANS COLLECT and ANALYZE data Quantitative research is _____ in nature? - ANS Etic (An outsider's view, objective) Research is _____ in approach - ANS DEDUCTIVE (from the top down) super broad to narrow What environment/leadership supports research? - ANS Transformational leadership Are the necessary ___ within the organization in place? - ANS partnerships What is research for the sake of new knowledge? - ANS Basic research What is research where study results reach the intended audience? - ANS Applied research What is it called when attempting to create an internal reality of the society under study with the methods selected? - ANS internal validity What is the main purpose of human subjects/study participants? - ANS Protection What is informed consent? - ANS permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits. Autonomy is provided to make the decision Will ever academic and most healthcare settings have an IRB? - ANS YES! What are considerations for vulnerable populations? - ANS older people, special needs, children, prisoners, homeless, students What controversial topics will you avoid for study? - ANS politics, healthcare What does the question of the quantitative approach ask? - ANS what is it you want to know? What is a question example for the quantitative approach? - ANS Does daily teeth brushing reduce the risk of developing cavities? What is a statement of predicted relationships between variable? - ANS Hypothesis P a g e 1 | 10 What is an educated guess? - ANS Hypothesis What is a hypothesis example for the quantitative approach? - ANS If I brush my teeth every day, then I will not develop cavities What is a null hypothesis? - ANS A hypothesis stating the absence of a relationship between the variables under study. It is used primarily in statistical testing as the hypothesis to be rejected What are the 5 variables in a quantitative study? - ANS Demographic, independent, dependent, extraneous, and confounding Characteristics of the study participants - ANS demographic variable This variable can be manipulated; cause, intervention - ANS independent variable This variable can't be manipulated; effect, outcomes - ANS dependent variable Extraneous variable - ANS this variable can be 'adjusted' for... Knew about the variable but it is not a variable under consideration for the study Confounding variable - ANS this variable is UNPLANNED and did not know about the variable It cannot be adjusted for What section of an article do you want to read? - ANS Methods section What are you going to ask for determining levels of evidence? - ANS Was there an intervention? A control group? How was data collected?? What are you going to look for when evaluating literature? - ANS Seek the HIGHEST LEVEL OF EVIDENCE possible from the literature What will you build from when developing a literature synthesis? - ANS literature matrix What is it when you are combining common themes and differences and contrasting them? - ANS Literature synthesis What is written in a narrative format along with citations? - ANS literature synthesis What are the four approaches available for a quantitative design? - ANS meta-analysis Experimental (random control trial) QUASI-experimental NON-experimental What is a literature review re-examining and re-working data from mostly published studies using an experimental design? - ANS Meta-analysis What is a random control trial also known as? - ANS Experimental P a g e 2 | 10 Central tendency Percentages Standard deviation What kind of statistics assist in making predictions? - ANS Inferential statistics What does inferential statistics consist of? - ANS t-test ANOVA Pearson Product Moment What is the ability to transfer results of a study to another like population? - ANS external validity P-value < or equal to 0.05 What was responsible for the study results? - ANS statistical significance Intervention, not chance What is getting the results of a study from 'the bench to the bedside' ...applying the science? - ANS Translation What is getting the results of a study to where others can use it? - ANS dissemination What's internal dissemination? - ANS internal to the healthcare organization...huddle, in-service education, bulletin board, research week poster What's external dissemination? - ANS external to the organization...poster at a professional meeting, article publication, podium presentation at a professional meeting What were some models/theories that can guide a project? - ANS Orem Self Care Deficit Nola Panders Health Promotion Model Lewis Change Theory Health Belief Model Family Assessment Theory Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms Theory of Self Efficacy What are the attributes of a theory? - ANS An explanation of some aspect of reality •Similar to a framework •Abstract in nature •Guides the development of Research What is qualitative research based in? 3 things - ANS sociology Anthropology Philosophy P a g e 5 | 10 Qualitative seeks to have more of a ____of a phenomenon/experience - ANS in depth understanding What kind if perspective does qualitative have? - ANS Emic Qualitative is______in nature - ANS inductive (bottom up) Qualitative is ideal for the _____approach of nursing - ANS holistic Data are in what format in qualitative? - ANS text or word Meta___ for qualitative - ANS meta-synthesis Development of what kind of framework for qualitative? - ANS theoretical What is the mixed methods approach? - ANS combining qualitative and quantitative What are two ways to manage bias? - ANS bracketing and triangulation What sets aside personal biases in an effort to better understand the experiences of study participants? - ANS bracketing What adds validity to data? It's looking at something from more than one perspective - ANS triangulation IRB considerations...what can be assured? What can't be? - ANS CONFIDENTIALITY can be assured ANONYMITY can't be assured What is a comprehensive and scrutiny of an identified UNIQUE case situation? - ANS case study What are values and customs of groups of individuals? - ANS Ethnography What is the basis of the development of a new theory? - ANS grounded theory What talks about the "lived experience" of what it is like to be? - ANS Phenomenology This type of sampling uses whoever is there at the time - ANS Convenience This type of sampling INTENTIONALLY selects participants to assure representation within sample members - ANS purposeful This type of sampling selects participants based on PERSONAL DECISIONS as to why could be most representative - ANS purposive also called judgmental sampling The qualitative research process of selecting new study participants based on emerging findings - ANS theoretical sampling Participant recommendations from those already sampled - ANS snowballing/network technique P a g e 6 | 10 What is a strength of using a focus group to collect data? - ANS A strength is a synergistic effect What kind of data collection has established criteria in which you take field notes? - ANS observation Data collection: one on one/audio tape and develop a transcript - ANS Interview Credibility = _____ - ANS TRUTH VALUE Fully describe the sample, setting, and data the more information provided, the more the reader has to understand and compare to other settings. - ANS Transferability Dependability also called ____ - ANS Auditability What is freedom from bias/neutrality? - ANS Conformability Which obstacle to EBP talks about differences in degrees and programs? - ANS educational preparation What are the two biggest obstacles to EBP? - ANS educational preparation and cost What percentage of decision making should be EBP? - ANS 90% What increased attention to societal needs while maintaining the traditional nursing focus? - ANS ACA; affordable care act What called for a change in the nursing education? - ANS 2010 Carnegie Foundation What is the basis for holistic care? - ANS EBP By what year will 90% of clinical decisions be evidence based? - ANS 2020 Most nurses believe that ... - ANS research is outside of their immediate scope of responsibilities What is changing the order of how things are done to improve quality? - ANS Performance improvement What is using the current published research/articles/literature to make a practice change to improve quality? - ANS Evidence Based Practice ____in the literature is identified/not enough evidence so a research project is warranted to add to the body of literature - ANS gap What are measures that reflect the structure, processes, and outcomes of nursing care? - ANS Nursing sensitive indicators How often quality data is typically reported? - ANS on a quarterly basis Evidence based practice = _____ and _____ - ANS quality and safety P a g e 7 | 10