Medical Terms and Definitions, Exams of Nursing

Download Medical Terms and Definitions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 407 HCT Eval 2: Wk 6-15.> Select the structures physically connected to the heart: mitral valve pulmonary vein myocardium pericardium capillaries precordium mitral valve pulmonary vein myocardium The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The pulmonary vein leaves the lungs and enters into the left atrium. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the cardiac anatomy. The pericardium is a membrane that surrounds the heart and contains the pericardial space. Capillaries connect arterioles and venules. The precordium is the chest wall anterior to the heart. Select all of the vascular disorders: hemorrhoids aneurysm varicosity thrombophlebitis aortic stenosis atrial fibrillation hemorrhoids aneurysm varicosity thrombophlebitis hemorrhoids are varicosities of the external or internal rectal veins. An aneurysm is a dilation of an artery. A varicosity is a dilation of a vein. Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with the formation of one or more blood clots. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve. Atrial fibrillation is a rapid irregular dysrhythmia of the atria. Match the disorder with its definition: atrial septal defect ventricular fibrillation heart failure atherosclerosis atrial septal defect: a hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart ventricular fibrillation: extremely rapid, irregular contractions of the ventricle that may become fatal heart failure: inability of the myocardium to pump blood effectively, leading to overload and enlargement A congenital anomaly that consists of four defects—pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy—is called tetralogy of Fallot 3 multiple choice options Select all that apply: Disorders of the urinary system cystoscopy pyopyelectasis cystourethroscopy cystocele nephroscope oliguria pyopyelectasis cystocele oliguria the suffices -scope and -scopy indicate instruments oliguria is less than normal urine formation pyopyelectasis is dilation of the renal pelvis caused by an accumulation of pus cystocele is herniation of the urinary bladder Select all that apply: Diagnostic testing or laboratory testing related to the urinary system nephroptosis hydronephrosis intravenous urography urethrolysis BUN specific gravity intravenous urography BUN specific gravity Hydronephrosis is an abnormal condition in which the kidney becomes filled with water (urine) as the result of a blockage that prevents its outward flow Urethrolysis is the destruction of adhesions in the urethra Nephroptosis is a prolapse or sagging of the kidneys intravenous urography (IVU) s the radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder with the use of a contrast medium Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a blood test that measures the amount of nitrogenous waste (urea) in the blood specific gravity (SG), which is a measure of how concentrated urine is Match the combining form with the definition azot/o meat/o cyst/o ureter/o azot/o: nitrogen meat/o: opening cyst/o: bladder ureter/o: ureter The inner portion of the kidney is the: medulla 3 multiple choice options The combining form for the capillaries inside of Bowman's capsule is: glomerul/o 3 multiple choice options The ureter and the renal vein leave the kidney through the: hilum 3 multiple choice options the sensation of running out of air and not being able to breath enough with activity: DOE inflammation of the bronchi: bronchitis the division point where the trachea bifurcates into bronchi: carina Match the combining form with the meaning hal/o: phon/o: sten/o: pyr/o: tel/o: hamart/o: hal/o: breathe phon/o: sound sten/o: narrowing pyr/o: heat tel/o: complete hamart/o: defect Match the pharmacologic agent with its use: antihistamine antitussive decongestant expectorant mucolytic bronchodilator antihistamine manages allergic reactions antitussive suppresses cough reflex decongestant reduces swelling of mucous membranes expectorant promotes expulsion of respiratory secretions mucolytic breaks up thick respiratory secretions bronchodilator relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles Match the abnormal lung sound with its description: friction rub crackles rhonchi stridor wheezing singultus friction rub dry surfaces rubbing together crackles rattling, bubbling, or clicking sounds caused by fluid in the lungs rhonchi continuous low-pitched rumbling sounds from obstructed airways stridor high-pitched inspiratory sound of the larynx associated with upper airway obstruction wheezing whistling, musical sounds made when breathing through constricted airways singultus involuntary contraction of the diaphragm followed by closing of the glottis The term that means normal breathing is eupnea Select all that apply: The following terms relate to blood in the pulmonary system hemoptysis rhinitis epistaxis orthopnea hemoptysis epistaxis Hemoptysis (-ptysis = spitting) is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained sputum Epistaxis is the medical term for a nosebleed. ALL: uncontrolled increase in the number of immature lymphocytes AML: rapidly progressive form of leukemia that develops from immature bone marrow stem cells CLL: a slowly progressing form of leukemia in which immature white blood cells proliferate. CML: a slowly growing form of leukemia in which immature bone marrow cells proliferate Match the laboratory test to its function: BMP CBC ESR PT BMP: measures the metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balances of the body CBC: measures the quantities and variations of the cells of the blood ESR: measurement of the time it takes for mature RBCs to settle out of a blood sample after an anticoagulant is added PT: measures the amount of time taken for clot formation Select the term that matches the provided definition: inherited anemia characterized by crescent-shaped RBCs liquid portion of the blood minus the clotting proteins reacts with blood protein prothrombin in the presence of calcium process of the formation of blood cells inherited anemia characterized by crescent-shaped RBCs: sickle cell anemia liquid portion of the blood minus the clotting proteins: serum reacts with blood protein prothrombin in the presence of calcium: factor X process of the formation of blood cells: hematopoiesis Match the pharmacologic therapy with the disorder or alteration it treats: hematinics colony-stimulating factor erythropoietic agents antiplatelets hematinics: iron-deficiency anemia colony-stimulating factor: leukopenia erythropoietic agents: anemia antiplatelets: excessive clotting from thrombocythemia A group of inherited disorders in which the anemia is the result of a decrease in the synthesis of hemoglobin is: thalassemia 3 multiple choice options The suffix for an iron substance is -siderin 3 multiple choice options A test of blood plasma to detect coagulation defects of the intrinsic system that is used to detect hemophilia is: PTT 3 multiple choice options An individual with which type of blood is considered a universal donor? O 3 multiple choice options A patient is diagnosed with ___, which is an overwhelming systemic infection that enters the blood from other tissues. septicemia 3 multiple choice options What is the transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a donor to a patient to stimulate formed blood cells? homologous bone marrow transplant 3 multiple choice options Mr. Anderson has an ulcer on the ___, which is the muscle between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine pylorus 3 multiple choice options What is the combining form for the rectum and the anus? proct/o 3 multiple choice options Enter/o is the combining form for the: small intestine 3 multiple choice options The gallbladder stores: bile 3 multiple choice options Located between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the: cardiac sphincter 3 multiple choice options Ellen's acute pancreatitis can be described as inflammation of an: organ that releases enzymes that aid digestion of carbohydrates and proteins and lipids 3 multiple choice options Match the term with its definition enteral feeding melena paracentesis deglutition cholangitis diaphragmatocele intussusception cheilosis enteral feeding accomplished through feeding tubes through a digestive structure melena black, tarry stools caused by the presence of partially digested blood paracentesis a surgical puncture to remove fluids from a body cavity deglutition swallowing cholangitis inflammation of the bile vessels diaphragmatocele a protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm intussusception telescoping of the intestines cheilosis an abnormal condition of the lips that is present with riboflavin deficiency The medical term for a condition in which the eyeballs protrude from their orbits is: exophthalmia 3 multiple choice options The combining form for the pituitary gland is: hypophys/o 3 multiple choice options T3 is a hormone secreted by the: thyroid hormone 3 multiple choice options Pancreatic cancer, or _____, is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. islet cell carcinoma 3 multiple choice options A somatotropin deficiency due to dysfunction of the adenohypophysis during childhood that leads to dwarfism is called: growth hormone deficiency 3 multiple choice options The exocrine function of the pancreas is to: keotacidosis polydipsia hyponatremia goiter paresthesia glycosuria presence of glucose in the urine keotacidosis excessive amounts of ketone acids in the blood stream polydipsia excessive thirst hyponatremia low blood sodium goiter non-tumor enlargement of the thyroid gland paresthesia abnormal sensations Match the laboratory test with its use: TFT fasting plasma glucose total calcium HgbA1c urinalysis radioimmune assay TFT assess abnormalities of the thyroid gland fasting plasma glucose can indicated if the person is prediabetic total calcium assesses parathyroid function HgbA1c monitors treatment of diabetes over time urinalysis monitors physical, chemical, and microscopic substances of the urine radioimmune assay tags and detects hormones in the blood Resection of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve to relieve pain is: rhizotomy 3 multiple choice options Choose the correct spelling of the term for a procedure that uses radio waves to localize structures within 3-D space. stereotaxic radiosurgery 3 multiple choice options The cranial nerves are part of the: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 3 multiple choice options _____ neurons transmit information to the CNS. sensory 3 multiple choice options Which of the following is the ischemia of cerebral tissue due to a vascular blockage or cerebral hemorrhage, the results of which resolve and disappear within 24 hours? TIA 3 multiple choice options The loss or diminution of the Achilles tendon reflex seen in sciatica is: Babinski sign 3 multiple choice options Which term in Patient X's medical report means an inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord? poliomyelitis 3 multiple choice options An acute infection caused by the virus that causes chickenpox is: shingles 3 multiple choice options Choose the correct spelling of the medical term for fainting syncope 3 multiple choice options A measurement of the ability to hear and understand speech is: speech audiometry 3 multiple choice options A discharge from the ears is: otorrhea 3 multiple choice options What is the combining form for the structure that equalizes the air pressure between the middle ear and the external atmosphere? scalping/o 3 multiple choice options The term for a small bone is: ossicle 3 multiple choice options Blockage of the external auditory canal with earwax is: impacted cerumen 3 multiple choice options A method of testing auditory acuity is: Weber tuning fork test 3 multiple choice options A type of hearing aid is a(n): cochlear implant 3 multiple choice options A combining form for the inner ear is: labyrinth/o 3 multiple choice options Which is the best description of the labyrinth? It is the organ of receptors for both hearing and balance 3 multiple choice options When the eardrum conducts sound to the three ossicles, they transmit the sound to the _____ through vibration of the stapes. oval window 3 multiple choice options