NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 4 LATEST VERSIONS 2024 -2026 EACH VERSION WITH, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 4 LATEST VERSIONS 2024 -2026 EACH VERSION WITH and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 4 LATEST VERSIONS 2024 -2026 EACH VERSION WITH 100 QS AND ANS 400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS / NURS 6501 MIDTERM EXAM WALDEN UNIVERSITY| AGRADE VERSION 1 • Question 1 1 out of 1 points A patient has defective secretion of the intrinsic factor leading to anemia. What treatment option does the healthcare professional discuss with the patient? Selected Answer: Vitamin B 12 injections initially given once a week. • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? Selected Answer: 30 years • Question 3 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional in an urban clinic is seeing a patient who has iron deficiency anemia (IDA). What question by the professional is most appropriate to assess for the cause of IDA? Selected Answer: 1cHave you ever noticed any blood in your stool? 1d • Question 4 2 1 out of 1 points How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall? Selected Answer: Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer. • Question 5 1 out of 1 points A health care professional determines that the student needs more education when the student makes which statement about treating bone infection? Selected Answer: Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes; consequently, the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Selected Answer: A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging • Question 7 1 out of 1 points What is the effect of low plasma albumin? Selected Answer: Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium. • Question 8 1 out of 1 points A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The patient asks how this could have occurred. What response by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: It is often preceded by a viral illness. • Question 9 0 out of 1 points 5 1 out of 1 points Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult? Selected Answer: The control of dehydration is more difficult. • Question 21 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a spinal cord injury at T5. The patient exhibits severe hypertension, a heart rate of 32 beats/min, and sweating above the spinal cord lesion. How does the professional chart this event? Selected Answer: Parasympathetic dysreflexia • Question 22 1 out of 1 points Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? Selected Answer: The aorta arises from the right ventricle. • Question 23 1 out of 1 points What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle? Selected Answer: Sudden increase of LH • Question 24 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What action by the professional would be best in working with this patient? Selected Answer: Provide speech therapy. • Question 25 0 out of 1 points A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason? 6 Selected Answer: The nodes fill with purulent exudate. • Question 26 1 out of 1 points How does the epididymis become infected? Selected Answer: The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. • Question 27 1 out of 1 points In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss? Selected Answer: Peripheral vasoconstriction • Question 28 1 out of 1 points Which spinal tract carries the most nociceptive information? Selected Answer: Lateral spinothalamic • Question 29 0 out of 1 points Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation therapy? Selected Answer: They are prone to experience severe developmental delays. • Question 30 1 out of 1 points A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with severe anorexia. What action by the health care professional would be most important? Selected Answer: Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor • Question 31 1 out of 1 points 7 A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient's body temperature by convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this? Selected Answer: Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient. • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A parent asks the healthcare professional to explain why a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot squats frequently. What explanation by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Relieves hypoxia • Question 33 1 out of 1 points An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the parents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit? Selected Answer: Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. • Question 35 1 out of 1 points A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct? Selected Answer: Such an inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes. • Question 36 1 out of 1 points A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the healthcare professional 10 A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Dysrhythmias • Question 48 1 out of 1 points Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? Selected Answer: Gate control theory (GCT) • Question 49 1 out of 1 points In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by? Selected Answer: Physiologic delays in maturation • Question 50 1 out of 1 points Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells? Selected Answer: Natural killer (NK) cells • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? Selected Answer: Down syndrome • Question 52 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional had taught a pregnant woman about the risk of transmitting herpes simplex virus (HSV) from her to her fetus. What statement by the woman indicates the professional needs to provide more information? Selected Answer: The risk is higher in women who have a primary HSV infection. 11 • Question 53 1 out of 1 points Which hospitalized patient does the healthcare professional assess as a priority for the development of delirium? Selected Answer: An elderly male on the second day after hip replacement • Question 54 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to explain the jaundice that accompanies hemolytic anemia. Which statement is by the professor is most accurate? Selected Answer: Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points A severely malnourished patient is in the hospital to improve nutrition. On the second day, the patient reports palpitations and difficulty breathing. After placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, what action does the health care professional take next? Selected Answer: Have lab drawn for electrolyte levels. • Question 56 1 out of 1 points A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? Selected Answer: Vitamin C • Question 57 1 out of 1 points A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Draw blood to measure total bilirubin. • Question 58 1 out of 1 points 12 What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? Selected Answer: Immune complexes • Question 59 1 out of 1 points A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents? Selected Answer: Increasing vitamin D intake • Question 60 1 out of 1 points What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint? Selected Answer: Subluxated hip • Question 61 0 out of 1 points Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease? Selected Answer: Absence of synovial membrane inflammation • Question 62 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? Selected Answer: Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs. • Question 63 1 out of 1 points A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: The lungs aren't affected until the curvature is over 80 degrees. 1 15 Selected Answer: Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon • Question 75 0 out of 1 points An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The healthcare professional suspects a congenital heart disorder. What other assessment finding is inconsistent with the professional's knowledge about this disorder? Selected Answer: Active precordium • Question 76 0 out of 1 points An infant is brought to the emergency department by parents who report that the baby's fontanels seem to be bulging outward. What action by the healthcare provider is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Determine how much fluid the baby had in the last 24 hours. • Question 77 1 out of 1 points A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for? Selected Answer: Bulimia • Question 78 0 out of 1 points A person has a vascular anomaly associated with a congenital malformation of dermal capillaries and has been told this lesion does not fade with age. What treatment options can the healthcare professional discuss with this person? Selected Answer: Surgical excision • Question 79 1 out of 1 points How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus? Selected Answer: Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process • Question 80 16 0 out of 1 points A patient has damage to the lower pons and medulla. What finding does the healthcare professional associate with this injury? Selected Answer: Extension response of the upper and lower extremities • Question 81 1 out of 1 points The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an exfoliative toxin related to which organism? Selected Answer: Staphylococcus aureus • Question 82 1 out of 1 points A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Presence of red blood cells • Question 83 0 out of 1 points A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Administer pain medication before retracting the foreskin. • Question 84 1 out of 1 points A woman diagnosed with trichomoniasis asks if her sexual partner should be treated as well. What is the appropriate response by the healthcare professional? Selected Answer: Sexual partners should be treated even if they are asymptomatic. • Question 85 1 out of 1 points Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? 17 Selected Answer: Abnormal uterine bleeding • Question 86 1 out of 1 points Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? Selected Answer: IgE • Question 87 1 out of 1 points A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition? Selected Answer: Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature • Question 88 1 out of 1 points A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? Selected Answer: Leptin • Question 89 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's laboratory results and sees that the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of anemia does the professional associate these findings with? Selected Answer: Hemolytic anemia • Question 90 1 out of 1 points An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance. • Question 91 20 VERSION 2 Question 1 ● 1 out of 1 points Which cells function to maintain bone matrix? 21 Selected Answer: Osteocytes ● Question 2 ● 1 out of 1 points Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer? Selected Answer: Vaginal cancer ● Question 3 ● 1 out of 1 points Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Selected Answ er: ● Question 4 A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging ● 1 out of 1 points In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect? Selected Answer: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) 22 ● Question 5 ● 1 out of 1 points A patient has been hospitalized for a large deep vein thrombosis and states he is the third person in his family to have this condition in the last 2 years. What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: ● Question 6 We can test your blood for factor V Leiden. ● 1 out of 1 points The healthcare professor states that a patient has reached pain tolerance. What further information from the professor is most accurate? Selected Answer : The patient cannot endure a higher level of pain intensity at this point. ● Question 7 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is teaching a community group about inherited disorders. What pattern of inheritance does the professional describe for sickle cell disease? Selected Inherited autosomal recessive disorder 25 Selected Answer: Excessive mucus production ● Question 14 ● 1 out of 1 points A patient has primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and is hospitalized after a bleeding episode. What treatment does the healthcare provider anticipate being ordered for this patient? Selected Answer: Infusion of IVIG ● Question 15 ● 1 out of 1 points A hospitalized patient's lab work is as follows: WBC 2000, bands 14.8%, and segmented neutrophils 5. The healthcare professional calculates the patient's absolute neutrophil count (ANC). What action does the professional take next? Selected Answer: ● Question 16 Implements protocols to prevent life- threatening infections ● 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate? 26 Selected Answ er: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. ● Question 17 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is discussing breast feeding with a pregnant woman. Which beneficial substance does the professional tell the mother is found in breast milk? Selected Answer: IgA ● Question 18 ● 1 out of 1 points Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? Selected Answer: Abnormal uterine bleeding ● Question 19 ● 1 out of 1 points What is the consequence of a splenectomy? 27 Selected Answer: ● Question 20 The number of defective cells in circulation increases. ● 1 out of 1 points What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? Selected Answer: Down syndrome ● Question 21 ● 1 out of 1 points The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: JIA predominantly affects large joints. ● Question 22 ● 1 out of 1 points A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct? 30 A baby is born with a myelomeningocele and needs urgent surgery to repair the defect. The parents want to take the baby home instead. What does the healthcare professional tell the parents about the purpose of this surgery? Selected Answer : 1cAdditional nervous system damage will occur the longer we wait. 1d ● Question 29 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What action by the professional would be best in working with this patient? Selected Answer: Provide speech therapy. ● Question 30 ● 1 out of 1 points ● In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphilis? Selected Answer: Tertiary 31 ● Question 31 ● 1 out of 1 points A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student asks why this patient is at particular risk of developing a thromboembolism. What response by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: ● Question 32 Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations. ● 1 out of 1 points ● The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an exfoliative toxin related to which organism? Selected Answer: Staphylococcus aureus ● Question 33 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's laboratory results and sees that the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of anemia does the professional associate these findings with? 32 Selected Answer: Folate deficiency anemia ● Question 34 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Renal failure ● Question 35 ● 1 out of 1 points A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason? Selected Answer: B lymphocytes proliferate. ● Question 36 ● 1 out of 1 points Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what? Selected Answer: Pressure and obstruction 35 Selected Answ er: Neonatal infection with HSV rarely occurs in the intrapartum or postpartum period. ● Question 43 ● 1 out of 1 points ● An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a 3 platelet count of 8000/mm . What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: ● Question 44 Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance. ● 1 out of 1 points ● A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by the professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Arrange to test for parasitic infections. 36 ● Question 45 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition? Selected Answer: Hyponatremia ● Question 46 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A man reports to the healthcare professional that he had a sudden onset of malaise, low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: ● Question 47 Assist the man in obtaining a urine sample. ● 1 out of 1 points A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with severe anorexia. What action by the health care 37 professional would be most important? Selected Answer: ● Question 48 Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor ● 1 out of 1 points A patient in the hospital has been receiving heparin injections. The 3 platelet count on admission was 222,000/mm and four days 3 later is 113,000/mm . What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: ● Question 49 Switch the heparin to lepirudin ● 1 out of 1 points A child has phenylketonuria (PKU). The healthcare professional educates the parents on the special diet needed, telling them that children with PKU are unable to synthesize what? Selected Answer: ● Question 50 Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine ● 1 out of 1 points 40 ● Question 56 ● 1 out of 1 points A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? Selected Answer: 6 ● Question 57 ● 1 out of 1 points Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? Selected Answer: Gate control theory (GCT) ● Question 58 ● 1 out of 1 points A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority? Selected Answer: Chest x-ray or CT scan 41 ● Question 59 ● 1 out of 1 points A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to this patient? Selected Answer: ● Question 60 Give the patient plenty of cool fluids to drink. ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects? Selected Answer: Folate ● Question 61 ● 1 out of 1 point A parent asks the healthcare professional to explain why a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot squats frequently. What explanation by the professional is best? 42 Selected Answer: Relieves hypoxia ● Question 62 ● 1 out of 1 points ● What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? Selected Answer: ● Question 63 Firm, nontender testicular mass ● 1 out of 1 points A woman attempting to conceive tells the healthcare professional that she and her partner have intercourse when her basal body temperature (BBT) is around 37˚C (98˚F) without getting pregnant. What information does the professional give the woman? Selected Answer : Temperature alone is not the most accurate way to predict ovulation. ● Question 64 ● 1 out of 1 points ● 45 A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The patient asks how this could have occurred. What response by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: It is often preceded by a viral illness. ● Question 70 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for? Selected Answer: ● Question 71 Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events ● 1 out of 1 points ● A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control? Selected Answer: Respiratory infection ● Question 72 46 ● 1 out of 1 points Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease? Selected Answer: ● Question 73 Systemic symptoms of inflammation ● 1 out of 1 points ● A student asks the health care professional why obese people are at higher risk for hypertension than non-obese individuals. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: They produce more angiotensinogen. ● Question 74 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A person has been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and wants to know why ibuprofen is a good choice for pain control. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected It reduces the production of 47 Answer: prostaglandins in your body. ● Question 75 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? Selected Answer : Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs. ● Question 76 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient is in status epilepticus. In addition to giving medication to stop the seizures, what would the healthcare professional place highest priority on? Selected Answer: Providing oxygen ● Question 77 ● 1 out of 1 points ● 50 A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? Selected Answer: 30 years ● Question 84 ● 1 out of 1 points Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma? Selected Answ er: ● Question 85 An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation ● 1 out of 1 points A patient is in the intensive care unit and has intercranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The patient's ICP is 17 mmHg. The healthcare professional notes that the chart indicates the patient is now in stage 1 intracranial hypertension. What assessment finding does the professional associate with this condition? Selected Answer: No significant change in ICP readings 51 ● Question 86 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient's body temperature by convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this? Selected Answer: ● Question 87 Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient. ● 1 out of 1 points How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus? Selected Answe r: Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process ● Question 88 ● 1 out of 1 points How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall? Selected Answ Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer. 52 er: ● Question 89 ● 1 out of 1 points A patient has ankylosing spondylitis. Which description of this condition by the health care professional is most accurate? Selected Answ er: Chronic inflammatory disease with stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joint ● Question 90 ● 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a spinal cord injury at T5. The patient exhibits severe hypertension, a heart rate of 32 beats/min, and sweating above the spinal cord lesion. How does the professional chart this event? Selected Answer: Autonomic hyperreflexia ● Question 91 ● 1 out of 1 points What is the effect of low plasma albumin? Selected Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water 55 ● Question 98 ● 1 out of 1 points Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells? Selected Answer: Natural killer (NK) cells ● Question 99 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? Selected Answer: Erythropoietin ● Question 100 ● 1 out of 1 points A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate? Selected Your body cannot absorb vitamin B 56 Answer: 12. ● Question 101 ● 0 out of 0 points When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity? Selected Answer: Yes 57 VERSION 3 Course NURS-6501N-32,Advanced Pathophysiology. Test Exam - Week 6 Midterm Status Completed Time Elapsed 2 hours, 0 minute out of 2 hours Results Displayed Question 1 Submitted Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected Answer: AB Question 2 1 out of 1 points 60 What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Selected Answer: It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. Question 8 Which renal change is found in older adults? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons Question 9 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selecte d Answer : Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation Question 10 1 out of 1 points Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis Question 11 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Selected Answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes Question 12 0 out of 1 points 61 A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? 62 Selected Answer: Question 13 Insulin resistance 1 out of 1 points A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be most consistent with this reading? Selected Answer: Rhonchi Question 14 2 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. Question 15 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selected Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent Question 16 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic cirrhosis. What statement by the professional would not be consistent with complete knowledge about this process? Selecte d Answer : Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. Question 17 1 out of 1 points 65 Q u e s t i o n 2 3 66 1 out of 1 points What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? Selecte d Answer : Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins 67 70 1 out of 1 points A 66-year-old woman has a complex medical history that includes poorly-controlled type 1 diabetes, renal failure as a result of diabetic nephropathy and chronic heart failure (CHF). Her care provider has recently added spironolactone (Aldactone) to the woman's medication regimen. The nurse should consequently assess for signs and symptoms of Selected Answer: hyperkalemia. Question 10 1 out of 1 points The lower respiratory system utilizes a number of different mechanisms that confer protection and maintain homeostasis. Which of the following physiological processes protects the lower respiratory system? Selected Answer: Cilia sweep foreign material and mucus upward toward the trachea and larynx where they can then be swallowed. Question 11 0 out of 1 points A 22 year old patient is transitioning from oral agents to insulin. He will be taking 20 units of lantus at bedtime and regular insulin before meals. What instructions should the NP provide about the timing and dose of regular insulin? Selected Answer: Take 1 unit of regular insulin for each 5 grams of carbohydrate to be consumed 30 minutes before each meal. Question 12 1 out of 1 points 71 A Nurse Practitioner who provides care on an acute medicine unit has frequently recommended the use of nicotine replacement gum for patients who express a willingness to quit smoking during their admission or following their discharge. For which of the following patients would nicotine gum be contraindicated? Selected Answer: A patient with a history of angina who experienced a non-ST wave myocardial infarction Question 13 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a female patient who has developed atelectasis because of thick mucus secretions. The Nurse Practitioner is monitoring IV administration of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) and notices that the patient's face is flushed. The appropriate nursing action would be to Selected Answer: slow the administration of acetylcysteine and administer diphenhydramine if ordered. Question 14 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a 70-year-old patient who is taking desmopressin (DDAVP). The patient has a history of cardiovascular disease. The nurse will prioritize the assessment of which of the following? Selected Answer: Electrolyte levels Question 15 1 out of 1 points 72 Shirley, age 58, has been diabetic for 7 years. Her blood pressure for the last three office visits have been 154/100, 144/94, and 144/90. What would you prescribe today during her routine office visit? Selected Answer: An ACE Inhibitor Question 16 1 out of 1 points John is a newly diagnosed diabetic that contacts the office with complaints of severe nausea and vomiting. What instructions should the APRN provide related to his insulin doses? Selected Answer: Monitor your blood sugar every 4 hours and take regular insulin based on the blood sugar reading. Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient comes to primary clinic for strep throat. A throat swab culture is sent to lab. What information is required for the nurse practitioner to disclose on lab transmittal? Selected Answer: National Provider Identification (NPI) Question 18 0 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a 73-year-old man who is receiving drug therapy. He is beginning to exhibit signs of decline in his renal system, yet his current serum creatinine level is normal. The Nurse Practitioner will base the patient's plan of care on 75 Question 25 1 out of 1 points A patient has been prescribed rabeprazole (Aciphex). It will be important for the nurse to assess the patient's drug history to determine if the patient is taking which of the following drugs? Selected Answer: Digoxin Question 26 0 out of 1 points A 60-year-old man has scheduled a follow-up appointment with his primary care provider stating that the omeprazole (Prilosec) which he was recently prescribed is ineffective. The patient states, "I take it as soon as I feel heartburn coming on, but it doesn't seem to help at all." How should the nurse best respond to this patient's statement? Selected Answer: "A better strategy is to take a dose of Prilosec 15 to 30 minutes before meals or drinks that cause you to get heartburn." Question 27 1 out of 1 points A mother brings her 4-year-old child, who is vomiting and has a temperature of 103°F into the emergency department (ED). The ED physician orders acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the fever. The best form of Tylenol to give the child, considering her presentation, would be Selected Answer: suppository. Question 28 1 out of 1 points Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from the administration of an adrenergic agonist? Selected Answer: A man who is in cardiogenic shock following a myocardial infarction Question 29 76 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who is diabetic and has been diagnosed with hypertension. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has been prescribed for her. Which of the following should the Nurse Practitioner assess before beginning drug therapy? Selected Answer: Serum potassium levels Question 30 1 out of 1 points An elderly patient with a history of congestive heart failure has been admitted to hospital with failure to thrive and admission blood work reveals a hemoglobin level of 6.9 g/dL. The care team has consequently administered two units of packed red blood cells, but auscultation of the client's lungs now reveals diffuse crackles. Administration of what drug is likely to resolve the patient's pulmonary edema? Selected Answer: Furosemide Question 31 0 out of 1 points An expected outcome for a patient who has just taken sublingual nitroglycerin should be Selected Answer: decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Question 32 1 out of 1 points An elderly postsurgical patient has developed postoperative pneumonia in the days following abdominal surgery and is being treated with a number of medications. Which of the following medications that the nurse will administer has the slowest absorption? Selected Answer: An oral antidepressant that the patient has been taking daily for several years Question 33 77 1 out of 1 points A female patient has been taking prednisone for her asthma for 1 month. The nurse will teach her to gradually decrease her dose of prednisone to avoid Selected Answer: adrenal insufficiency. Question 34 1 out of 1 points A high school student was diagnosed with asthma when he was in elementary school and has become accustomed to carrying and using his "puffers". In recent months, he has become more involved in sports and has developed a habit of administering albuterol up to 10 times daily. The nurse should teach the student that overuse of albuterol can lead to Selected Answer: rebound bronchoconstriction. Question 35 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes termed a drug? Selected Answer: A chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug. Question 36 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is providing discharge planning for a 45-year-old woman who has a prescription for oral albuterol. The Nurse Practitioner will question the patient about her intake of which of the following? Selected Answer: Coffee Question 37 1 out of 1 points 80 1 out of 1 points A patient is being treated for respiratory infection. He is a recovering alcoholic and has impaired liver function. The nurse will instruct the patient to be especially cautious when taking Selected Answer: an elixir. Question 45 1 out of 1 points A 48-year-old woman who works as an office manager is prescribed metoclopramide (Reglan) for diabetic gastroparesis. The nurse will be sure to assess the patient for Selected Answer: depression. Question 46 1 out of 1 points A patient will begin three new medications as part of her treatment plan. The nurse practitioner understands that proper disposal of medications is key when the nurse practitioner states Selected Answer: Many medications can be potentially harmful if taken by someone other than the person the medication was prescribed. Question 47 1 out of 1 points A 58-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department. A diagnosis of severe digoxin toxicity is made. Bradycardia is present, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) confirms toxicity. The nurse will administer which of the following drugs? Selected Answer: Digoxin immune fab Question 48 1 out of 1 points A 20-year-old woman calls the clinic at 5 PM and reports to the Nurse Practitioner that she forgot to take her morning dose of fexofenadine (Allegra). She usually takes her evening dose at 8 PM. She wants to know what she should do. The Nurse Practitioner will 81 instruct her to Selected Answer: forget about the morning dose and take the evening dose. Question 49 1 out of 1 points A 62-year-old woman has been prescribed a fentanyl transdermal patch for chronic cancer pain. The patient asks the nurse how long it will take for her to experience pain relief. The nurse will instruct the patient that she should feel pain relief in approximately Selected Answer: 24 hours. Question 50 1 out of 1 points A teenage boy has undergone a diagnostic workup following several months of persistent, bloody diarrhea that appears to lack an infectious etiology. The boy has also experienced intermittent abdominal pain and has lost almost 15 pounds this year. Which of the following medications is most likely to treat this boy's diagnosis? Selected Answer: Mesalamine Question 51 1 out of 1 points A 79-year-old woman with a medical history that includes osteoporosis has recently moved to a long-term care facility. Medication reconciliation indicates that the woman has been taking calcitonin, salmon for several years. The nurse should recognize that the most likely route for the administration of this drug is Selected Answer: intranasal. Question 52 1 out of 1 points A patient has recently been prescribed a drug that treats his hypertension by blocking the sympathetic receptors in his sympathetic nervous system. This action is characteristic of 82 Selected Answer: an adrenergic antagonist. Question 53 1 out of 1 points To minimize the risk of adverse effects of glucagon when given to an unconscious diabetic patient, as the patient regains consciousness, the nurse should Selected Answer: administer carbohydrates. Question 54 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is overseeing the care of a young man whose ulcerative colitis is being treated with oral prednisone. Which of the following actions should the Nurse Practitioner take in order to minimize the potential for adverse drug effects and risks associated with prednisone treatment? Selected Answer: Carefully assess the patient for infections Question 55 1 out of 1 points A 22-year-old male college senior has lived with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease for several years and has undergone several courses of treatment with limited benefit. Which of the following targeted therapies has the potential to alleviate the symptoms of Crohn's disease? Selected Answer: Infliximab (Remicade) Question 56 1 out of 1 points A patient receives 25 units of NPH insulin at 7.AM. At what time of day should the nurse advise the patient to be most alert for a potential hypoglycemic reaction? Selected Answer: Late afternoon 85 A patient with a long history of alcohol abuse has been admitted to an acute medical unit with signs and symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. His current medication orders include QID doses of oral lactulose. What desired outcomes should the nurse associate with this drug order? Selected Answer: Patient will have three to four loose bowel movements each day. Question 65 1 out of 1 points A 49-year-old woman has been diagnosed with myalgia. The physician has recommended aspirin. The patient is concerned that the aspirin will upset her stomach. The nurse will encourage the patient to Selected Answer: swallow the tablet with milk or food. Question 66 1 out of 1 points A 72-year-old female patient is prescribed ipratropium aerosol for pulmonary emphysema. The nurse will instruct her to "test spray" the new metered-dose inhaler (MDI) three times before using it to prevent which of the following? Selected Answer: Paradoxic acute bronchospasm Question 67 1 out of 1 points A patient with diabetes has had a cough for 1 week and has been prescribed a cough syrup (an expectorant). What special instructions should the nurse include in the patient teaching for this situation? Selected Answer: Monitor glucose levels closely Question 68 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is the cardiac care unit is preparing to hang an intravenous dose of dofetilide (Tikosyn) for a patient who has just been admitted. What is the most likely goal of this intervention? 86 Selected Answer: To convert the patient's atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm Question 69 0 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner has been following a male patient who is taking hydralazine, clonidine, and a diuretic for hypertension. After 2 weeks of medication therapy, the patient begins to complain of numbness and tingling in his hands and feet. The Nurse Practitioner suspects that these signs or symptoms are Selected Answer: an adverse effect of the diuretic. Question 70 1 out of 1 points A patient with mild low back pain has been advised to take acetaminophen. The nurse will inform him that excessive intake of acetaminophen may result in Selected Answer: liver damage. Question 71 1 out of 1 points A 34-year-old male patient is prescribed methimazole (MMI). The Nurse Practitioner will advise him to report which of the following immediately? Selected Answer: Intolerance to cold Question 72 1 out of 1 points 87 A Nurse Practitioner is a member of a research team that is exploring unique differences in responses to drugs that each individual possesses, based on genetic make-up. This area of study is called Selected Answer: pharmacogenomics. Question 73 1 out of 1 points Following an assessment by her primary care provider, a 70-year-old resident of an assisted living facility has begun taking daily oral doses of levothyroxine. Which of the following assessment findings should prompt the nurse to withhold a scheduled dose of levothyroxine? Selected Answer: The resident's apical heart rate is 112 beats/minute with a regular rhythm Question 74 1 out of 1 points A 72-year-old man is prescribed theophylline for symptomatic relief of bronchial asthma. Which of the following findings would alert the nurse to the need for close monitoring? Selected Answer: Enlarged prostate gland Question 75 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is conducting an assessment of a patient who has recently had several changes made to her drug regimen. What assessment question most directly addresses the safety implications of the patient's drug regimen? Selected Answer: "Do you take any herbal supplements or alternative medications?" 90 A Nurse Practitioner is providing care for a patient who suffered extensive burns to his extremities during a recent industrial accident. Topical lidocaine gel has been ordered to be applied to the surfaces of all his burns in order to achieve adequate pain control. When considering this order, the Nurse Practitioner should be aware that Selected Answer: there is a risk of systemic absorption of the lidocaine through the patient's traumatized skin. Question 85 1 out of 1 points A 70-year-old woman has experienced peripheral edema and decreasing stamina in recent months and has sought care from her primary care provider. The patient's subsequent diagnostic workup has resulted in a diagnosis of chronic heart failure. The woman has been prescribed digoxin and the nurse has begun patient education. What should the nurse teach the patient about her new medication? Selected Answer: "This drug won't cure your disease, but it will help you be able to exercise more and be more comfortable." Question 86 1 out of 1 points In which of the following patients would a Nurse Practitioner expect to experience alterations in drug metabolism? Selected Answer: A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver Question 87 1 out of 1 points Decongestants are recommended to use in which of the following patients? 91 Selected Answer: patients with otitis media Question 88 1 out of 1 points The APRN is prescribing a medication that is known to induce hepatic enzymes. What effect should you anticipate? Selected Answer: Induction increases the rate of metabolism, thereby decreasing serum levels of drug Question 89 1 out of 1 points A patient has a history of tonic-clonic seizures that have been successfully treated with phenytoin (Dilantin) for several years. Phenytoin achieves a therapeutic effect by Selected Answer: decreasing the influx of sodium into neurons. Question 90 1 out of 1 points A 77-year-old man's chronic heart failure is being treated with a regimen of quinapril (Accupril) and furosemide (Lasix). Which of the following assessment findings would suggest that the loop diuretic is contributing to a therapeutic effect? Selected Answer: The man's chest sounds are clear and his ankle edema is lessened. Question 91 92 1 out of 1 points The APRN is treating a patient with type 2 diabetes. The patient is on the maximum dose of metformin and glucotrol. Current weight 212 pounds. Labs from this morning indicate a fasting blood sugar of 312 and HbA1C of 9. The APRN wants to start the patient on Lantus 0.2 unit/kg. What dose and instructions should the APRN provide? Selected Answer: Give 19 units of Lantus subcutaneously prior to bedtime. Question 92 1 out of 1 points A 42-year-old man is being treated for a peptic ulcer with ranitidine (Zantac) taken PO at bedtime. Even though few adverse effects are associated with this drug, one common adverse effect that can be severe is Selected Answer: headache. Question 93 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner explains to a patient that nitroglycerin patches should be applied in the morning and removed in the evening. This medication schedule reduces the potential for Selected Answer: nitrate tolerance. Question 94 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner who provides care for older adults is aware of the high incidence of drug interactions in this population. When educating a group of seniors about the 95 VERSION 4 A nurse is describing the trigone. Which information should be included? The trigone is defined as: Selected Answer: c. A triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra Correct c. • Question 1 0 out of 0 points • Question 2 1 out of 1 points 96 • Question 3 1 out of 1 points • Question 4 1 out of 1 points • Question 5 1 out of 1 points Answer: A triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: b. Aniridi a b. Aniridi a A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a. Poststreptococcal infection a. Poststreptococcal infection A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors. A nurse knows the tumors are found in the: Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a. Kidney s a. Kidney s 97 • Question 6 1 out of 1 points • Question 7 0 out of 1 points • Question 8 1 out of 1 points When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman capsule together, it is referred to as the renal: Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a. Corpusc le a. Corpusc le A 3-year-old female presents with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), fever, poor growth and development, and feeding problems. Tests reveal a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters. When giving report to the oncoming shift, the nurse will call this condition: Selected Answer: Correct Answer: b. Vesicourethral reflux a. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial medication treatment? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a. Alpha blocker a. Alpha blocker