NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Study Guide 4 Latest Versions 2022-2023, Study notes of Nursing

Download NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Study Guide 4 Latest Versions 2022-2023 and more Study notes Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ➢ NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology ➢ Midterm Exam Study Guide ➢ 2022-2023 ➢ 4 Latest Versions ➢ Correct Questions & Answers Version 1 What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? Selected Answer: Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression. A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? Selected Answer: Erythropoietin What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? Selected Answer: Periorbital edema Question 1 1 out of 1 points Question 2 1 out of 1 points • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects? Selected Answer: Folate A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? Selected Answer: Leptin Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? Question 10 1 out of 1 points Question 11 1 out of 1 points Question 12 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Infants are obligatory nose breathers. A student studying osteomyelitis and asks for an explanation of the term sequestrum. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: An area of devascularized and devitalized bone Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma? Selecte d Answer : An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation Question 15 1 out of 1 points Question 13 1 out of 1 points Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient has a spinal cord injury at C4. What should the healthcare professional assess as the priority in this patient? Selected Answer: Respirations Which cells function to maintain bone matrix? Selected Answer: Osteocytes To quickly assess a patient's nervous system for dysfunction, what assessment should the healthcare Question 16 1 out of 1 points Question 17 1 out of 1 points In order to help prevent a preadolescent girl from developing later cervical cancer, which virus does the healthcare professional recommend vaccination against to the parent? Selected Answer: Human papillomavirus (HPV) Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? Selected Answer: Gate control theory (GCT) A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Draw blood to measure total bilirubin. Question 22 1 out of 1 points Question 23 1 out of 1 points Question 24 1 out of 1 points What causes the vasomotor flushes (hot flashes) that are associated with declining ovarian function with age? Selected Answer:Rapid changes in estrogen levels In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core Question 25 1 out of 1 points Question 26 1 out of 1 points in an effort to decrease heat loss? Selected Answer: Peripheral vasoconstriction How does the epididymis become infected? Selecte d Answer : The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? Selected Answer: Firm, nontender testicular mass Question 28 1 out of 1 points Question 27 1 out of 1 points A pregnant woman is seen for the first time at 6 months' gestation and has not taken prenatal vitamins. The healthcare professional educates the woman on the need for a blood test specifically to assess what substance? Selected Answer: a-Fetoprotein A healthcare professional is seeing a patient with suspected schizophrenia. For which prenatal occurrence should the professional assess? Question 34 1 out of 1 points Question 35 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Viral infection What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? Selected Answer: Down syndrome Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as the priority? Selected Answer: Lumbar puncture with CSF cultures Question 36 1 out of 1 points Question 37 1 out of 1 points Question 38 1 out of 1 points A patient in the hospital has been receiving heparin injections. The platelet count on admission was 222,000/mm 3 and four days later is 113,000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Switch the heparin to lepirudin A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by the professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Arrange to test for parasitic infections. Question 39 1 out of 1 points Question 40 1 out of 1 points is best? Selected Answer: Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations. A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? Selected Answer: Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs.. An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance. Question 45 1 out of 1 points Question 46 1 out of 1 points Question 47 1 out of 1 points A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Presence of red blood cells A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: Your body cannot absorb vitamin B 12. Question 48 1 out of 1 points Question 49 1 out of 1 points In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location? Selected Answer: Glomerulus basement membranes A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? Selected Answer: Vitamin C When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed? Selected Answer: At peak time of physical growth Question 50 1 out of 1 points Question 51 1 out of 1 points Question 52 1 out of 1 points A student reads in a chart that a child has been diagnosed with mixed precocious puberty and asks for an explanation. What explanation by the healthcare professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: When early puberty has signs of physical and hormonal abnormalities A woman attempting to conceive tells the healthcare professional that she and her partner have intercourse when her basal body temperature (BBT) is around 37˚C (98˚F) without getting pregnant. What information does the professional give the woman? Question 57 1 out of 1 points Question 58 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Temperature alone is not the most accurate way to predict ovulation A student reads in a chart that a baby was born with an encephalocele. The student asks the healthcare professional to explain this condition. What explanation by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: A herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: It can lead to personalized approaches to treatment. Question 59 1 out of 1 points Question 60 1 out of 1 points Question 61 1 out of 1 points A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? Selected Answer: 30 years The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: JIA predominantly affects large joints. Question 62 1 out of 1 points • Question 63 Selected Answer: Promote appetite and stimulate eating A patient is in the intensive care unit and has intercranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The patient's ICP is 17 mmHg. The healthcare professional notes that the chart indicates the patient is now in stage 1 intracranial hypertension. What assessment finding does the professional associate with this condition? Selected Answer: No significant change in ICP readings upil changes A preschool teacher notices a child who has burrows on the hands that are several millimeters to 1 cm long, papules, and vesicular lesions. What other assessment finding would help the teacher determine the type of infestation the child has? Selected Answer: Ask the child if itching occurs at night. Question 68 1 out of 1 points Question 69 1 out of 1 points A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Perform a finger stick for a blood glucose reading. Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? Selected Answer: The aorta arises from the right ventricle. Question 70 1 out of 1 points Question 71 1 out of 1 points Question 72 1 out of 1 points A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare professional advise the parents about? Selected Answer: A sweat test Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea? Selected Answer: Failure to ovulate The healthcare professional directs a student to assess a teen who has Osgood-Schlatter disease. What assessment finding does the student anticipate for this disorder? Selected Answer: Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 73 1 out of 1 points Question 74 1 out of 1 points Question 75 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Provide speech therapy. In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphilis? Selected Answer: Tertiary NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 80 1 out of 1 points Question 81 1 out of 1 points What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? Selected Answer: Albumin A baby is born with a myelomeningocele and needs urgent surgery to repair the defect. The parents want to take the baby home instead. What does the healthcare professional tell the parents about the purpose of this surgery? Selected Answer: 1cAdditional nervous system damage will occur the longer we wait. 1d A student asks the health care professional why obese people are at higher risk for hypertension than non-obese individuals. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: They produce more angiotensinogen. NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 82 1 out of 1 points Question 83 1 out of 1 points In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by? Selected Answer: Physiologic delays in maturation A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition? Selected Answer: Hyponatremia • Question 86 NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 84 1 out of 1 points Question 85 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Vaginal cancer An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine. Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what? Selected Answer: Pressure and obstruction NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 91 1 out of 1 points Question 92 1 out of 1 points Question 93 1 out of 1 points A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for? Selected Answer: Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 94 1 out of 1 points Question 95 1 out of 1 points A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for? Selected Answer: Bulimia What is the consequence of a splenectomy? Selected Answer: The number of defective cells in circulation increases. A patient is admitted to the hospital with multiple myeloma (MM). Which diagnostic test should the healthcare professional assess as the priority? Selected Answer: Serum calcium level NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Question 96 1 out of 1 points Question 97 1 out of 1 points Question 98 1 out of 1 points NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 NURS-6501N-58 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update 2022/2023 Version 2 ● Question 1 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Which cells function to maintain bone matrix? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● Question 4 ● 1 out of 1 points ● In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect? Selected Answer: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) ● Question 5 lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient has been hospitalized for a large deep vein thrombosis and states he is the third person in his family to have this condition in the last 2 years. What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answe r: We can test your blood for factor V Leiden. ● Question 6 ● 1 out of 1 points ● The healthcare professor states that a patient has reached pain tolerance. What further information from the professor is most accurate? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Ans w er: Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression. ● Question 9 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A healthcare professional is planning a community event to reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in high risk groups. Which group would the professional target as the priority? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answer: Hypertension ● Question 10 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answ er You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. ● Question 11 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● Question 14 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient has primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and is hospitalized after a bleeding episode. What treatment does the healthcare provider anticipate being ordered for this patient? Selected Answer: Infusion of IVIG lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● Question 15 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A hospitalized patient's lab work is as follows: WBC 2000, bands 14.8%, and segmented neutrophils 5. The healthcare professional calculates the patient's absolute neutrophil count (ANC). What action does the professional take next? Selected Answe r: Implements protocols to prevent life- threatening infections lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● Question 16 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate? Selecte d Ans w er: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● Question 19 ● 1 out of 1 points ● What is the consequence of a splenectomy? Selected Answe r: The number of defective cells in circulation increases. ● Question 20 lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● 1 out of 1 points ● What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? Selected Answer: Down syndrome ● Question 21 ● 1 out of 1 points lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: JIA predominantly affects large joints. ● Question 22 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 A patient reports joint stiffness with movement and joint pain in weightbearing joints that is usually relieved by rest. What treatment option does the health care professional discuss with the patient? Selected Answe r: Exercise and weight reduction ● Question 25 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 How does the epididymis become infected? Selecte d Ans w er: The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. ● Question 26 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The healthcare professional suspects a congenital heart disorder. What other assessment finding is inconsistent with the professional's knowledge about this disorder? Selected Answer: Thrill on palpation ● Question 27 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What action by the professional would be best in working with this patient? Selected Answer: Provide speech therapy. ● Question 30 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphilis? Selected Answer: Tertiary ● Question 31 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student asks why this patient is at particular risk of developing a thromboembolism. What response by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answe r: Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations. ● Question 32 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Renal failure ● Question 35 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason? Selected Answer: B lymphocytes proliferate. ● Question 36 ● 1 out of 1 points ● lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Downloaded by simon njuguna (njugusim@gmail.com) ● 1 out of 1 points ● A person has a vascular anomaly associated with a congenital malformation of dermal capillaries and has been told this lesion does not fade with age. What treatment options can the healthcare professional discuss with this person? Selected Answer: Pulsed dye laser lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 ● Question 40 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A person comes to the healthcare clinic and reports night sweats and fever. The healthcare professional obtains a chest x-ray which shows a mediastinal mass. What other assessment or diagnostic test does the professional provide as a priority? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answer: Listen to heart sounds. ● Question 41 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answe r: Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance. ● Question 44 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by the professional is most appropriate? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answer: Arrange to test for parasitic infections. ● Question 45 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answer: Hyponatremia ● Question 46 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A man reports to the healthcare professional that he had a sudden onset of malaise, low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answe r: Switch the heparin to lepirudin ● Question 49 ● 1 out of 1 points ● A child has phenylketonuria (PKU). The healthcare professional educates th parents on the special diet needed, telling them that children with PKU are unable to synthesize what? lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 Selected Answe r: Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine ● Question 50 ● 1 out of 1 points ● Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have lOMoAR cPSD|26587102 on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult?