Psychology Exam 2: Understanding Perception and Sensation, Exams of Pharmacology

Download Psychology Exam 2: Understanding Perception and Sensation and more Exams Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! Psychology Exam 2 Sam found an old letter that was so faded that he could hardly read it. However, he recognized the handwriting as that of his late father. Sam's difficulty in reading the letter involved the process of __________, while his recognition of the handwriting involved the process of _________. - sensation; perception. Michelle decided to take a break from weight bench, her friend decided to place an additional 5-pound weight on each side of the bar to see if Michelle would notice the extra weight. When Michelle returned and began lifting, she immediately noticed the difference. Why? - 10 pounds was above the difference threshold. Although visitors to her apartment immediately noticed the smell of cigarette smoke, Hill, a heavy smoker, rarely notices it. This is an example of _____________. - sensory adaptation Even in the dim light of her bedroom, the ____________ in Nancy's eyes enable her to make out the outline of her eyeglasses on the nightstand next to her bed. - rods Following a motorcycle accident to which he suffered severe damage to the back of his head, Jonathan had trouble distinguishing between circles and squares. Jonathan likely suffered damage to his __________. - feature detectors After staring at a green light for several minutes, Maya looks away at a white field. She is surprised to see a red dot about the same size as the green light floating on the white background. The color afterimage that Maya sees provides support for the __________ theory of color vision. - opponent-process Mrs. Scarpaci is complaining that the street noise is louder in her apartment than in her upstairs neighbor apartment. To test her claim, you check the noise in each apartment with a sound meter. The meter registers 50 dB in Mrs. Scarpaci's apartment, and 30 dB in her neighbor's apartment. How much louder is the street noise in Mrs. Scarpaci's apartment. - 100 times louder Perception of the pitch of a given sound wave depends on the particular location in the auditory canal where the wave's vibrations strike. This is the basic idea behind the _____. - place theory of hearing Peggy is extremely insensitive to smells. Which of the following is most likely true regarding Peggy? - Peggy is an older woman. Carlos banged his elbow against a desk and grimaced with pain. he quickly grabbed his elbow and began rubbing it. To his surprise, the pain he was experiencing started to subside a bit. This phenomenon can be best described as _________. - the gate-control theory While driving on the highway, Lazlo became extremely hungry. He was releived when he saw a sign with several missing letters that said M-do-a-d's N-x-Ex--. Lazlo releif is explained by the Gestalt principle of ________. - closure Lula is looking at her fingertip as it approaches and eventually touches her nose. What Lula is doing is a demonstration of __________. - interposition Jamie is sitting in a parked train next to a window. Suddenly, another train goes whisking past the train Jamie is on. Even though Jamie's train is still parked, Jamie reacts as if it is moving. This is an example of ________. - apparent motion In a social situation in which someone is smiling while using a somewhat hostile tone of voice, the _______ is most likely to take priority over other cues in determining the person's emotions. - Which of the following is a protective factor against substance use? - cultural beliefs and standards of behavior Cindy is experiencing tremors and nausea after having started treatment for her abuse of drugs. It is likely that Cindy abused which kind of drugs? - alcohol Which of the following is one of the ways in which stimulants affect behavior? - increase alertness Marijuana has been found effective for treating _______. - glaucoma Herbs such as kava can ______. - act as a calmative sleep aid what is consciousness? - anything we are aware of at any given time. how long is a circadian rhythm? - 24 hours What are the two important circadian rhythms of importance? - wakefulness/sleepfulness cycle body temp cycle At what body temp do people sleep best? - their lowest body temp what is melatonin? - a hormone secreted by the pineal gland from dusk till dawn; induces sleep What is NREM sleep? - -no rapid eye movement -has 4 stages -blood pressure and brain activity at lowest point -regular heart rate What is REM sleep? - -rapid eye movement -increased brain wave activity, and vivid dreams what is the function of REM sleep? - helps to organize and store in memory information. Important in learning. What is REM rebound? - what happens when you are deprived of REM sleep and make up for it the next time you sleep how long is a sleep cycle? - 90 minutes What is the restorative theory of sleep? - the function of sleep is to restore body and mind What is the circadian (evolutionary) theory of sleep? - sleep evolved to keep humans out of harms way during the night, possibly becoming someones prey for some nocturnal predator. What keeps us tied to reality when we are awake? - inhibiting influences of the will and cortex which are related to seratonin and noradrenalin What is lucid dreaming? - Where the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming What is Freud's theory on dream interpreting? - dreams express unconscious sexual and aggressive wishes What is the difference between latent content and manifest content when interpreting dreams? - Manifest content- content of the dream as recalled by the dreamer Latent content- underlying meaning of dream What is the activation-synthesis hypothesis? - dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of random firing of brain cells during REM sleep What are parasomnia sleep disorders? - sleep disorders where behaviors that normally occur only in the waking state take place during sleep. What are four sleep disorders? - 1) somnambulism- sleep walking 2) somniloquy- sleep talking 3) sleep terrors 4) nightmares What are sleep terrors? - sleeping in state of panic with eyes open; heart racing at twice of normal rate