Applications of Evidence-Based Care Exam, Exams of Nursing

Download Applications of Evidence-Based Care Exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 716 Applications of Evidence-Based Care COMPLETED EXAM 2024 . 1. What is the definition of translation of nursing research and why is it important for nursing practice? - Translation of nursing research is the process of applying the findings and evidence from nursing research to clinical practice, policy, education, and health systems. It is important for nursing practice because it can improve the quality, safety, effectiveness, and efficiency of patient care, as well as the outcomes and satisfaction of patients and nurses. 2. What are the main barriers and facilitators to translation of nursing research in different settings and contexts? - Some of the main barriers to translation of nursing research are lack of time, resources, skills, knowledge, support, leadership, collaboration, and incentives for nurses to engage in research utilization. Some of the main facilitators are strong organizational culture, leadership, and support for evidence-based practice, availability and accessibility of research evidence, education and training for nurses on research utilization, collaboration and communication among stakeholders, and feedback and evaluation mechanisms. 3. What are some of the strategies and models that can be used to promote translation of nursing research in practice? - Some of the strategies and models that can be used to promote translation of nursing research in practice are: - The PARIHS framework (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services), which identifies evidence, context, and facilitation as key elements for successful implementation of research in practice. - The Stetler model, which guides individual nurses or groups to critically appraise and apply research evidence in practice using five phases: preparation, validation, comparative evaluation/decision making, translation/application, and evaluation. - The Iowa model, which provides a systematic approach to identify clinical problems, review and critique relevant research evidence, pilot and implement changes in practice based on evidence, and evaluate outcomes. 4. What are some of the methods and tools that can be used to measure the impact of translation of nursing research on practice outcomes? - Some of the methods and tools that can be used to measure the impact of translation of nursing research on practice outcomes are: - The RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance), which evaluates the impact of an intervention or innovation on multiple dimensions at different levels (individuals, organizations, communities). - The KTQ (Knowledge Translation Questionnaire), which assesses the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills of nurses related to translation of nursing research in practice. - The KTA (Knowledge-to-Action) cycle, which describes the steps involved in translating knowledge into action, from identifying knowledge gaps to monitoring knowledge use and outcomes. What are the main steps involved in conducting a systematic review? (2 points) Answer: The main steps involved in conducting a systematic review are: a) defining a clear and focused research question; b) developing a comprehensive search strategy to identify all relevant studies; c) screening and selecting studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria; d) extracting and summarizing data from each study using standardized forms; e) assessing the quality and risk of bias of each study using validated tools; f) synthesizing and analyzing data using quantitative (meta-analysis) or qualitative (narrative synthesis) methods; g) reporting and presenting the results and conclusions of the review using established standards. What are the main characteristics of a high-quality clinical practice guideline? (2 points) Answer: The main characteristics of a high-quality clinical practice guideline are: a) it is based on a systematic review of the best available evidence; b) it is developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts and stakeholders; c) it is transparent and explicit about the methods and sources of evidence used; d) it provides clear and specific recommendations for practice; e) it considers the benefits, harms, costs, and preferences of different options; f) it is regularly updated and revised based on new evidence; g) it is disseminated and implemented effectively to the target audience. What are some of the tools or frameworks that can help nurses to apply evidence to practice? (2 points) Answer: Some of the tools or frameworks that can help nurses to apply evidence to practice are: a) PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), which helps to formulate a focused and answerable clinical question; b) STARLITE (Sampling strategy, Type of study, Approaches, Range of years, Limits, Inclusion and exclusion criteria, Terms used, Electronic sources), which helps to design a comprehensive search strategy; c) CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme), which helps to appraise the quality and validity of different types of studies; d) GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation), which helps to assess the strength and quality of evidence and recommendations; e) AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation), which helps to evaluate the quality and applicability of clinical practice guidelines; f) PARiHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services), which helps to identify the factors that influence the implementation of evidence in practice. What are the three main components of evidence-based practice (EBP) according to Sackett et al. (1996)? a) Best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences and values. b) Best available research evidence, clinical guidelines, and quality improvement data. c) Best available research evidence, clinical judgment, and organizational culture. d) Best available research evidence, clinical experience, and patient outcomes. Answer: A. Sackett et al. (1996) defined EBP as "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients". They argued that EBP requires integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values. What is the difference between a research question and a clinical question in EBP? a) A research question is broader and more general, while a clinical question is narrower and more specific. b) A research question is narrower and more specific, while a clinical question is broader and more general. c) A research question is about generating new knowledge, while a clinical question is about applying existing knowledge. d) A research question is about applying existing knowledge, while a clinical question is about generating new knowledge. Answer: C. A research question is a question that guides a systematic inquiry to produce new knowledge or evidence. A clinical question is a question that guides a search for relevant and applicable evidence to inform clinical decisions or actions. 3. What is the purpose of using a framework such as PICO(T) or SPIDER to formulate a clinical question in EBP? a) To identify the key concepts and terms that can be used to search for relevant evidence. b) To evaluate the quality and validity of the evidence that is found. c) To synthesize and summarize the evidence that is found. d) To implement and evaluate the evidence in practice. Answer: A. PICO(T) stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time. SPIDER stands for Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type. These are examples of frameworks that can help structure a clinical question in EBP by identifying the key concepts and terms that can be used to search for relevant evidence. What are some of the sources of evidence that can be used in EBP? a) Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, case reports, expert opinions. b) Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, qualitative studies, mixed methods studies, guidelines. c) Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, descriptive studies, correlational studies, surveys. d) All of the above. Answer: D. All of the above are examples of sources of evidence that can be used in EBP. However, they vary in their level of quality and strength depending on their design and methodology. What are some of the criteria that can be used to appraise the quality and validity of evidence in EBP? a) Relevance, reliability, representativeness, rigor, reflexivity. b) Currency, credibility, consistency, completeness, clarity. c) Validity, reliability, applicability, timeliness, transparency. d) All of the above. Answer: D. All of the above are examples of criteria that can be used to appraise the quality and validity of evidence in EBP. However, . What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods in nursing? Provide an example of each method and explain how they can be used to answer different types of research questions. - Quantitative research methods use numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and measure outcomes. For example, a quantitative study can examine the effect of a new medication on blood pressure levels in a randomized controlled trial. - Qualitative research methods use non-numerical data and thematic analysis to explore meanings and experiences. For example, a qualitative study can explore the perceptions and challenges of patients living with chronic pain using interviews or focus groups. - Quantitative and qualitative research methods can be used to answer different types of research questions depending on the purpose, scope, and context of the study. Quantitative methods are more suitable for testing causal relationships, generalizing findings, and measuring variables. Qualitative methods are more suitable for exploring complex phenomena, understanding perspectives, and generating insights. . What are the main components of a research problem statement in nursing? Explain why each component is important and provide an example of a well-written problem statement. - A research problem statement in nursing consists of four main components: the topic, the gap, the significance, and the purpose. Each component is important for the following reasons: - The topic identifies the general area or issue that the study will address. It should be clear, concise, and relevant to the field of nursing. For example, "Pain management in palliative care". - The gap identifies the specific problem or need that the study will address. It should be based on a critical review of the existing literature and show what is missing or unknown in the current knowledge. For example, "Despite the availability of various pain relief options, many palliative care patients still report inadequate pain control". - The significance explains why the problem is important and worth studying. It should demonstrate how the study will contribute to the advancement of nursing science, practice, education, or policy. For example, "Improving pain management in palliative care can enhance the quality of life and dignity of patients and their families". - The purpose states the main aim or objective of the study. It should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). For example, "The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two pain relief interventions (morphine and acupuncture) on pain intensity and satisfaction among palliative care patients". What are some criteria for evaluating the quality and rigor of a research article in nursing? List at least three criteria and explain how they can be applied to assess a research article. - Some criteria for evaluating the quality and rigor of a research article in nursing are: - Validity: This refers to how well the study measures what it intends to measure. It can be assessed by examining the design, methods, instruments, sampling, data collection, and data analysis of the study. For example, a valid study should have a clear research question, an appropriate design that matches the question, reliable and valid instruments that measure the variables of interest, a representative and adequate sample size that minimizes bias and confounding factors, a systematic and ethical data collection procedure