NURS 718 Informatics,Technology, Trends for transforming Health Care, Exams of Nursing

Download NURS 718 Informatics,Technology, Trends for transforming Health Care and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NURS 718 Informatics,Technology, Trends for transforming Health Care COMPLETED EXAM 2024 1. What is the difference between data, information and knowledge in the context of informatics? Provide an example of each. - Data are raw facts or figures that have no meaning by themselves, such as numbers, symbols or words. Information is data that has been processed, organized or interpreted to make sense or convey meaning, such as a report, a graph or a diagnosis. Knowledge is information that has been integrated, analyzed or applied to a specific situation or problem, such as a guideline, a recommendation or a decision. For example, the blood pressure readings of a patient are data, the average blood pressure of the patient over a period of time is information, and the appropriate medication dosage for the patient based on the blood pressure is knowledge. 2. What are some benefits and challenges of using electronic health records (EHRs) in nursing practice? Name at least three of each. - Some benefits of using EHRs are: improved quality and safety of care, enhanced communication and collaboration among health care providers, increased efficiency and productivity, reduced errors and costs, and better access to data and information for research and education. Some challenges of using EHRs are: privacy and security issues, technical problems and system failures, lack of interoperability and standardization, increased workload and documentation burden, ethical and legal dilemmas, and need for training and education. 3. What are some examples of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that can assist nurses in providing evidence-based care? How do they work? - CDSSs are computerized tools that provide relevant and timely information, advice or feedback to nurses at the point of care to help them make informed decisions. They can be integrated with EHRs or other information systems, or accessed through mobile devices or web browsers. Some examples of CDSSs are: alerts and reminders, order sets and protocols, diagnostic and treatment suggestions, drug interaction and allergy checks, clinical guidelines and pathways, calculators and risk assessment tools, and patient education materials. They work by applying rules, algorithms or models to the data and information from the patient's record, the nurse's input, or other sources, and generating output that can be displayed, printed or stored. 4. What are some applications of telehealth in nursing practice? How can they improve access to care and health outcomes? - Telehealth is the use of information and communication technologies to deliver health care services or education over distance. Some applications of telehealth in nursing practice are: teleconsultation, telemonitoring, teleducation, teletriage, telecounseling, telenursing, and telehomecare. They can improve access to care and health outcomes by: expanding the reach and availability of health care providers, reducing travel time and costs for patients and providers, enhancing patient engagement and self- management, facilitating early detection and intervention, improving continuity and coordination of care, fitness trackers, glucose monitors, etc. They are important because they can enable remote monitoring, tracking ,and intervention of patients' health status ,but they also raise privacy ,security ,and reliability issues. 8. What are some roles or functions of nurse informaticists in health care organizations? Name at least three and explain what they do. - Some roles or functions of nurse informaticists are: - Designing, developing, implementing, evaluating, and maintaining informatics systems ,such as EHRs, CDSSs, telehealth platforms, etc. They do this by collaborating with other stakeholders, such as clinicians, administrators, vendors, etc., to identify needs, requirements, specifications, standards, etc., and to ensure usability, functionality, interoperability, etc. - Educating, training, mentoring, and supporting nurses and other health care providers on the use of informatics tools ,such as EHRs, CDSSs, telehealth devices, etc. They do this by developing curricula, materials, methods, etc., to facilitate learning outcomes ,to assess competencies ,to provide feedback ,and to address issues or questions. - Conducting research ,quality improvement ,or innovation projects that involve informatics tools or methods ,such as data collection ,analysis ,visualization ,dissemination ,etc. They do this by applying scientific principles ,theories ,models ,etc., to generate new knowledge or evidence ,to solve problems or challenges ,to evaluate interventions or outcomes ,and to advance the field. What are the main benefits and challenges of telehealth for health care delivery? Provide at least three examples of each. (10 points) Answer: Telehealth is the use of information and communication technologies to deliver health care services remotely. Some of the benefits of telehealth are: - It can increase access to health care for people who live in rural or remote areas, have mobility or transportation issues, or face other barriers to accessing health care in person. - It can reduce costs and improve efficiency for both patients and providers, by saving time, travel, and overhead expenses. - It can enhance the quality and continuity of care, by enabling timely diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-up, as well as facilitating communication and coordination among different health care providers. Some of the challenges of telehealth are: - It may require technical infrastructure, equipment, training, and support that are not readily available or affordable for some patients or providers. - It may pose legal, ethical, and regulatory issues, such as privacy, security, consent, liability, reimbursement, and licensure across different jurisdictions. - It may affect the patient-provider relationship, by reducing face-to-face interaction, nonverbal cues, and trust. What are the main characteristics and components of patient-centered care? Provide at least three examples of each. (10 points) Answer: Patient-centered care is an approach to health care that focuses on the needs, preferences, values, and experiences of individual patients and their families. Some of the characteristics of patient-centered care are: - It is respectful and responsive to the patient's culture, beliefs, values, and preferences. - It is holistic and comprehensive, addressing the patient's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. - It is collaborative and empowering, involving the patient and their family as partners in decision making and care planning. Some of the components of patient-centered care are: - Effective communication, using clear, empathic, and respectful language, listening actively, and providing information and education that is tailored to the patient's level of understanding and readiness. - Shared decision making, using evidence-based information and tools to help the patient weigh the benefits and risks of different options and choose the best course of action for their situation. - Care coordination, ensuring smooth transitions and continuity of care across different settings and providers, avoiding duplication and fragmentation of services. What are some of the current trends in health promotion and disease prevention for nursing practice? Provide at least three examples of each. (10 points) Answer: Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants. Disease prevention is the process of reducing or eliminating the occurrence or severity of health problems. Some of the current trends in health promotion and disease prevention for nursing practice are: - Health literacy, which is the ability to obtain, process, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions about health. Nurses can promote health literacy by using plain language, providing clear instructions, using visual aids, confirming understanding, and referring to reliable sources of information. - Social determinants of health, which are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect their health status. Nurses can address social determinants of health by assessing the patient's social context, providing referrals to community resources, advocating for policies that improve health equity, and collaborating with other sectors that influence health. - Self-management support, which is the provision of education, tools, and coaching to help patients manage their chronic conditions and cope with their symptoms, emotions, and lifestyle changes. - Mobile health (mHealth) technologies, which are devices or applications that use mobile phones or tablets to support health care delivery. Nurses can use mHealth technologies to access information, communicate with patients or colleagues, collect data, or deliver interventions. What are some of the current trends in leadership and management for nursing practice? Provide at least three examples of each. (10 points) Answer: Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve a common goal or vision. Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve a specific goal or task. Some of the current trends in leadership and management for nursing practice are: - Transformational leadership, which is a style of leadership that inspires and motivates followers to achieve higher levels of performance, commitment, and satisfaction. Nurses can practice transformational leadership by articulating a clear vision, modeling the desired behaviors, empowering and mentoring others, and recognizing and rewarding achievements. - Shared governance, which is a model of organizational structure that promotes shared decision making, accountability, and autonomy among nurses at all levels. Nurses can participate in shared governance by joining committees, councils, or teams that have authority and responsibility for policies, practices, or outcomes related to nursing practice. - Magnet recognition, which is a credential that recognizes health care organizations that demonstrate excellence in nursing practice, quality, and outcomes. Nurses can contribute to magnet recognition by engaging in professional development, evidence-based practice, interprofessional collaboration, and innovation. What are some of the current trends in ethics and legal issues for nursing practice? Provide at least three examples of each. (10 points) Answer: Ethics is the study of moral principles and values that guide human conduct. Legal issues are the rules and regulations that govern human conduct in relation to society. Some of the current trends in ethics and legal issues for nursing practice are: - Ethical dilemmas, which are situations where there are conflicting moral obligations or values that require a choice between two or more courses of action. Nurses can face ethical dilemmas by applying ethical principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity, as well as using ethical decision-making models or frameworks. - Informed consent, which is the process of obtaining voluntary agreement from a patient or their surrogate to undergo a specific treatment or procedure after providing adequate information about the benefits, risks, alternatives, and consequences. Nurses can facilitate informed consent by ensuring that the patient has the capacity to consent, that the information is clear and complete, that the patient understands and agrees without coercion or undue influence, and that the consent is What are the benefits of using electronic health records (EHRs) for patient care? Provide at least three examples. - EHRs can improve patient care by enhancing the quality, safety, efficiency, and coordination of care. Some examples are: - EHRs can provide access to complete and accurate patient information, such as medical history, allergies, medications, test results, etc. - EHRs can support clinical decision making by providing evidence-based guidelines, alerts, reminders, and order sets. - EHRs can facilitate communication and collaboration among health care providers, patients, and other stakeholders, such as referrals, consultations, transitions of care, etc. What are some of the challenges or barriers to implementing EHRs in health care settings? Provide at least three examples. - Some of the challenges or barriers to implementing EHRs are: - Cost and complexity of acquiring, installing, maintaining, and updating EHR systems and software. - Lack of interoperability and standardization among different EHR systems and vendors. - Privacy and security issues related to the protection and sharing of sensitive patient data. - Resistance and reluctance from some health care providers and patients to adopt new technologies and workflows. What is telehealth and how can it improve patient care? Provide at least three examples. - Telehealth is the use of information and communication technologies to deliver health care services and education remotely. Some examples of how telehealth can improve patient care are: - Telehealth can increase access and convenience for patients who live in rural or remote areas, have mobility or transportation issues, or have limited availability or resources. - Telehealth can reduce costs and inefficiencies for both patients and providers by eliminating travel time, reducing hospitalizations and readmissions, and optimizing resource utilization. - Telehealth can enhance patient outcomes and satisfaction by providing timely, personalized, and continuous care, as well as promoting patient engagement and self-management. What are some of the ethical and legal issues related to telehealth? Provide at least three examples. - Some of the ethical and legal issues related to telehealth are: - Quality and safety of care: How to ensure that telehealth services meet the same standards and regulations as in-person services, such as licensure, accreditation, credentialing, malpractice, etc. - Informed consent: How to obtain and document informed consent from patients who receive telehealth services, especially when dealing with minors, vulnerable populations, or complex situations. - Confidentiality and security: How to protect the privacy and security of patient data transmitted via telehealth technologies, such as encryption, authentication, authorization, etc. What is artificial intelligence (AI) and how can it enhance patient care? Provide at least three examples. - AI is the ability of machines or systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, etc. Some examples of how AI can enhance patient care are: - AI can assist in diagnosis and treatment by analyzing large amounts of data from various sources, such as medical records, images, sensors, etc., and providing insights, predictions, recommendations, etc. - AI can automate and streamline administrative tasks by performing functions such as scheduling appointments, billing claims, generating reports, etc. - AI can improve patient education and engagement by providing interactive