Nursing 1003 Final QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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Nursing 1003 Final QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS - Refers to each transmission of information whether intentional or not - Can be through the use of symbols Connects people and ideas through words, nonverbal behaviours and actions - CORRECT ANSWER_Communication A complex interactive process, used in clinical setting to help patients/clients achieve health related goals - CORRECT ANSWER_Professional Communication What is the effect of communication between Health care providers and patients - CORRECT ANSWER_- Outcomes relate to higher patient satisfaction, productive health changes - Patients are more likely to understand their condition through meaningful communication - Patients are more likely to alert providers when something isn't working A dynamic process entered into by health care providers with their patients and significant others, for the purpose of achieving identified health-related goals - CORRECT ANSWER_Therapeutic Communication What are some basic assumptions of communication theory - CORRECT ANSWER_- It is impossible not to communicate - Every communication has . a content and a relationship (metacommunication) aspect - Faulty communication results in flawed feeling and acting - Silence is a form of communication - Communication systems are interrelated - People communicate through both verbal and non verbal behaviours, both are needed to interpret a message appropriately What are the 3 components of the linear model of communication - CORRECT ANSWER_1. Sender 2. Message 3. Receiver What is the linear model of communication - CORRECT ANSWER_- Has 3 components - Implies communication flow in one direction - Communication channels are verbal - Used in emergency situations What is the transactional model of communication - CORRECT ANSWER_- Expands on linear to include communication as being reciprocal - Much more complex and interactive - We encode, send, receive and decode messages simultaneously (feedback) - Feedback loops - Input, throughput and output What is encoding - CORRECT ANSWER_Producing messages What is decoding - CORRECT ANSWER_Interpreting messages - Cultural background - Location/context - Role relationship What is interpersonal competence - CORRECT ANSWER_- Understanding the factors that influence communication - Your ability to communication effectively under different circumstances - Adjusting your communication depending on the context What are some intrapersonal variables - CORRECT ANSWER_- Values - Beliefs - Sociocultural background - Educational background What are some principles of team-based health care - CORRECT ANSWER_- Sharing goals - Clear roles - Mutual trust - Effective communication - Measurable processes and outcomes A sense of oneself that is influenced by characteristics, norms and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting and feeling like a nurse - CORRECT ANSWER_Personal Identity What are professional boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER_Represent invisible structures imposed by legal, ethical and professional standards of nursing that respect the rights and privacy of the patient, and protect the functional integrity of the alliance between the nurse and client What are some examples of professional boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER_- Setting (house vs hospital) - Time - Length of contact (only while caring for them) - Maintaining confidentiality - Professional behaviour - Gift giving - Transference - Self disclosure - Level of involvement What is transference - CORRECT ANSWER_Client projects irrational feelings/attitudes about others from past into nurse in the present What is countertransference - CORRECT ANSWER_- Nurse displays feelings/attitudes towards client which are based on past experiences - Over identifying with the patient What is self-disclosure - CORRECT ANSWER_Intentionally revealing personal experiences or feelings that are similar or different than the clients What are some possible advantages of self disclosure - CORRECT ANSWER_- Can deepen bond - Can show that you are a real person - Used to help clients open up - Promotes comfort Degree of nurses active participation in a client's care - CORRECT ANSWER_Involvement What is a therapeutic relationship - CORRECT ANSWER_Allows nurses to apply their professional knowledge, skills, abilities and experiences towards meeting the health needs of the patient What are the divisions of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs going from bottom to top - CORRECT ANSWER_Physiological Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self actualization What are the four components of patient centered care relationships - CORRECT ANSWER_1. Holistic 2. Respectful 3. Individualized 4. Empowering What is the basis for patient centered care relationships - CORRECT ANSWER_That each person's personalized experience of an illness, injury or disease is a total human experience What are some elements of patient centered relationships - CORRECT ANSWER_- Each person is considered a person first and foremost, with distinctive personally held values, beliefs and life goals - respect for a patient's values, preferences and expressed needs - Physical comfort - Defining the goals - Supporting self management strategies - Shared decision making - Defusing challenging behaviour - Giving constructive feedback - Explain care plan options - Answer any questions - Promote self care - Setting realistic goals - Be sincere What are the elements of the termination phase checklist - CORRECT ANSWER_- Explore which of the patient's health problems were resolved (what goals were achieved) - Evaluate the care plan and determine if ti was appropriate and adequate - Always say goodbye What is shared decision making - CORRECT ANSWER_Promotes defining problems, presenting options and providing high quality information so patients can participate more actively in care What are some therapeutic bridges - CORRECT ANSWER_- Caring - Trust - Veracity - Respect - Empathy - Empowerment - Mutuality - Genuinenes - confidentiality - Advocacy What are some therapeutic barriers - CORRECT ANSWER_- Lack of caring - Mistrust - Lack of respect - Lack of empathy - Use of sympathy - Lack of mutuality - Lack of veracity - Breach of confidentiality What is professional caring - CORRECT ANSWER_- Give yourself to another through compassion, concern and interest - Knowledge - Competency - Interpersonal skills and attributes - Sensitivity to client psychosocial needs What is lack of caring in nursing - CORRECT ANSWER_- Lack of compassion, concern or interest - Detachment, rushed, not focusing on the client, meeting own needs - Lack of knowledge, and competency in performing clinical skills Foundation to all nurse-client therapeutic relationships - CORRECT ANSWER_Trust When a client is unable to trust/depend on the nurse - CORRECT ANSWER_Mistrust What are some ways in which you can promote trust - CORRECT ANSWER_- Friendly voice/smile - Eye contact - Client preferences and flexibility - Be honest and open - Give complete information - Follow through on commitments - Body language - Active listening - Maintain confidentiality - Do not give false reassurance Being true in our nursing care - CORRECT ANSWER_veracity What is empathy in the nurse client relationship - CORRECT ANSWER_- Nurses's ability to be sensitive to and communicate the client's feelings - An empathetic nurse can accurately detect emotional cues and attempt to understand a client's feelings - Remain objective but be able to walk in the client's shoes - Never say I know exactly how you feel - Set aside judgements and biases What is it called when a nurse fails to listen and understand the client's perspective and feelings - CORRECT ANSWER_Lack of empathy What are some symptoms of body image disturbance - CORRECT ANSWER_- Negative communications about their body - Reluctance to look at or touch a changed body structure - Social isolation and loss of interest in friends and work after a change in body structure, appearance or function - Expressed concerns or fears about changes How people perceive their physical appearance or physical characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER_Body image A person's perception of their abilities, characteristics, and potential for growth - CORRECT ANSWER_Personal Identity Gatekeeper of personal identity - CORRECT ANSWER_Perception The emotional value a person places on their self concept - CORRECT ANSWER_Self esteem Developed through personal experiences with mastering tasks, verbal support and seeing others in similar situations - CORRECT ANSWER_Self efficacy The chosen beliefs and values that give meaning to a person's life - CORRECT ANSWER_Spirituality Dynamic interactive process entered into by clinicians and clients for the purpose of achieving identified health related goals - CORRECT ANSWER_Therapeutic Communication What are some client centered communication strategies - CORRECT ANSWER_- Building rapport - Effective questioning - Active listening - Observing nonverbal cues - Verbal responses Dynamically focused interpersonal process in which a nurse hears client's message, decodes meaning, asks questions and provides feedback - CORRECT ANSWER_Active listening What are some obstacles to effective communication within the nurse client relationship - CORRECT ANSWER_- Preoccupied with pain or physical discomfort - Unable to understand the nurse's use of language - Feeling defensive, insecure or judged Serves as the basis for therapeutic nurse-client relationship - CORRECT ANSWER_Building Rapport What are the 5 stages of listening - CORRECT ANSWER_1. Receiving 2. Understanding 3. Remembering 4. Evaluating 5. Responding What are open ended questions - CORRECT ANSWER_- Start with how, describe, what, tell me - Ex describe how you are feeling What are closed ended questions - CORRECT ANSWER_Basically yes or no questions What are focused questions - CORRECT ANSWER_- Focused on one topic - Ex describe the pain in your leg What are circular questions - CORRECT ANSWER_How other people or families feel about an illness List the listening responses - CORRECT ANSWER_- Minimal cues and leads - Clarification - Restatement - Paraphrasing - Reflection - Summarization Helps clients clarify their own thoughts and maximize mutual understanding ex. I am not sure what you mean can you give me an example - CORRECT ANSWER_Clarification - To broaden the client's perspective - To zone in on a specific piece of the client's communication to encourage further elaboration - Restating their own words - CORRECT ANSWER_Restatement Restating the client's message more briefly in your own words - CORRECT ANSWER_Paraphrasing - Is a special form of feedback to ensure both parties have the same basic understanding - Can provide new information that helps the nurse frame comments that match the client's needs - Discuss problems with parents directly and openly - Share knowledge of community resources - Acknowledge the impact of the illness on family functioning What are some age appropriate communications for a preschooler - CORRECT ANSWER_- Play - Storytelling What What are some age appropriate communications for an infant or toddler - CORRECT ANSWER_- Touch/movement - Soothing voice - Distraction What What are some age appropriate communications for a school age child - CORRECT ANSWER_- Mutual decisions - School work What What are some age appropriate communications for adolescents - CORRECT ANSWER_- Peer groups - Appeal to interests Communication with infants birth- 12 months - CORRECT ANSWER_- nonverbal communication - Use stroking, soft touch, holding - Use motion - Eye level/face to face - Soft tone of voice - Ask parent cares for infant - Seperation anxiety Communication with toddlers 1-3 - CORRECT ANSWER_- Make explanations brief and clear - Use vocab child is use to - Avoid baby talk - Allow child to have some control - Kinesthetic Communication with preschoolers 3-5 years - CORRECT ANSWER_- They think literally - Use age appropriate simple vocab - Culture - Play therapy-storytelling - Use distraction Give some control Communication with school age children 6-11 years - CORRECT ANSWER_- assess level of understanding - Allow privacy - Help child assume more responsibility Communication with Adolescents 11 years + - CORRECT ANSWER_- Age appropriate ways - Privacy - Confidentiality is important - Allow sense of independence A pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self definitions, norms, roles and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a defined geographical region - CORRECT ANSWER_Culture How immigrants learn and chose to adapt to the behaviour and norms of a new culture, different than their own - CORRECT ANSWER_Acculturation Gradual process of adopting behaviours, customs, and values of a mainstream culture - CORRECT ANSWER_Assimilation Socially transmitted customs, beliefs, values, etc - CORRECT ANSWER_Cultural Patterns Social variations between cultural groups - CORRECT ANSWER_Cultural Diversity The way people tend to view their world/universe to form a picture or value stance about life or the world around them - CORRECT ANSWER_Worldview A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with a person's social, economic, and or environmental disadvantage - CORRECT ANSWER_Health disparities What are the components of cultural competence - CORRECT ANSWER_- Cultural humility - Cultural sensitivity - Client safety - Health disparities - Self awareness - Cultural awareness - Can be associated with auditory, visual, speech, language, or processing problems - Congenial or acquired - CORRECT ANSWER_Communication deficit what can communication deficits impact - CORRECT ANSWER_- The client's health - Influence health care received - Impact their ability/right to make decisions What are some examples of communication deficits - CORRECT ANSWER_- Hearing loss - Vision loss - Impaired verbal - Impaired cognitive processing - Mental illness - Dementia - Pain What are the signs and symptoms of hearing loss - CORRECT ANSWER_- Difficulty understanding - Social withdrawal - Turning up volume - Having to repeat - Sit up front - Speaks loud - Distorted speech - Ringing in the ears - Fatigue/stress What are some things to remember when communicating with clients with hearing loss - CORRECT ANSWER_- Face the client, standing or sitting (lip reading) - Minimize distractions - Speak clearly - Gestures and facial expressions reinforce message - Use written materials and assistive devices - Encourage client to verbalize - Check client's hearing device What two main things stem from vision loss - CORRECT ANSWER_- Loss/impairment of the ability to decode non verbal cues - Paranoia is common What are some things to remember when communicating with a client with vision loss - CORRECT ANSWER_- Get the attention of the client - Orient client to the environment and hazards - Compensate for nonverbal aspect of message - Use touch effectively - Allow client to hold your arm when walking - Inform them when you are entering or exiting a room - Avoid speaking in a loud voice or pronounce words in an exaggerated manner What are some things to remember when communicating with a patient who has speech/impaired verbal deficits - CORRECT ANSWER_- Speak slowly with simple sentences - Allow extra time for processing and for replying - Address one thing at a time What are some examples of environmental deprivation - CORRECT ANSWER_- ICU - Emergency rooms - High tech settings - Isolations - Medications, sedation What are some things to remember when communicating with a client with a lowered level of consciousness - CORRECT ANSWER_- Treat as though the client can understand - Orient client frequently - Provide familiar objects - Explain noises, procedures and equipment - Encourage family to interact - Call client by name - Avoid long conversations A natural physiological, psychological and spiritual response to a stressor - CORRECT ANSWER_Stress Any demand, situation, internal stimulus, or circumstances that threatens a person's personal security or self integrity - CORRECT ANSWER_Stressor A negative stress level, creates a level of anxiety, which exceeds a person's normal coping abilities - CORRECT ANSWER_Distress Focus on intellectual aspects not emotional - CORRECT ANSWER_Intellectualization Assuming of traits opposite of undesirable - CORRECT ANSWER_Reaction formation Redirecting socially unacceptable to socially acceptable - CORRECT ANSWER_Sublimation Verbal expression or actions representing one feeling followed by expression of direct opposite - CORRECT ANSWER_Undoing Disagreement arising from differences in attitudes, values, or needs, in which the actions of one party frustrate the ability of the other to achieve their expected goals - CORRECT ANSWER_Conflict What does covert mean - CORRECT ANSWER_Hidden and not clear cut What are the 5 conflict management styles - CORRECT ANSWER_1. Avoidance 2. Accommodation 3. Competition 4. Compromise 5. Collaboration The willingness and ability to stand up for your own needs and rights while respecting the needs and rights of others - CORRECT ANSWER_Assertive communication What is the preferred communication behaviour to obtain results in most situations - CORRECT ANSWER_Assertive communication What 4 abilities does assertive communication include - CORRECT ANSWER_1. Ability to say no 2. Ability to ask for what you want 3. Ability to appropriately express both positive and negative thoughts and feelings 4. To initiate, continue, or terminate the interaction The person disregards his or her own needs and rights. Giving to to others at the expense of your own needs in order to avoid conflict and disagreement - CORRECT ANSWER_Passive communication The person disregards the needs and rights of others while their own personal needs come first. Verbal aggression occurs when speakers attack others personally. Demand compliance with others - CORRECT ANSWER_Aggressive Communication What are the 3 Ps of crisis de-escalation - CORRECT ANSWER_Position (face client, remain close to exit, make eye contact only 60% of the time) Posture (relax stance, uncrossed arms, rotate/relax shoulders) Proximity (Stay 1.5-3 feet away) What does CARE stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER_C- Clarify the behaviour that is a problem A- Articulate why the behavior is a problem R- Request a change in the problem behaviour E- Evaluate progress The knowledge and use of tools, machines, materials, and processes to help solve human problems - CORRECT ANSWER_Technology The science that encompasses information science and computer science to study the process, management, and retrieval of information - CORRECT ANSWER_Informatics A discipline in which health data are stored, analyzed, and disseminated through the application of information and communication technology - CORRECT ANSWER_Health Informatics What are some examples of informatics in nursing practice - CORRECT ANSWER_- Computerized nursing documentation - Electronic health record Branch of engineering that focuses on computer technology - CORRECT ANSWER_Computer science Central component of the health IT infrastructure - CORRECT ANSWER_Electronic health record Oversees communication and exchange of information in a geographical area - CORRECT ANSWER_Regional health information organization Person's health record within a provider's health care facility - CORRECT ANSWER_Electronic medical record What is the purpose of the ATIPP Act - CORRECT ANSWER_- To provide the public with the right of access to records - To protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information is collected, used and disclosed by public bodies