Case Study: Applying Nursing Practices for Mr. McFarlane's Chronic Illnesses, Exercises of Nursing

Download Case Study: Applying Nursing Practices for Mr. McFarlane's Chronic Illnesses and more Exercises Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 1 1 ASSESSMENT 1A: Response Template Student Name Student ID Date Course HLT54115 Diploma of Nursing Subject Code and Title APN108 Applying Nursing Practice (B) Unit(s) of Competency HLTENN012 Implement and monitor care for a person with chronic health problems Performance criteria, Knowledge evidence and Performance assessed PC: HLTENN012: 1.1,1.2 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5. PE: HLTENN012: 1,2 KE: HLTENN012: 1.5 a, b, c, d, e. 2.1, 2.2, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, 3.7, 3.13, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 Title of Assessment Task Case Study and short-answer questions Type of Assessment Task Section 1: Case study with short answer questions Section 2: Short-answer questions Length 11 questions. See each individual question for word limit. Submission Due by 11:55pm AEST Sunday end of Week 5 (module 3.1). Task Instructions To complete Assessment 1, Part A, you must answer Section 1 and Section 2. Section 1 includes questions based on the case study below and developing a plan of care for the client, on the response template provided. Section 2 includes other questions required for the subject, but which are NOT related to the case study. All questions must be answered in full. When responding to the questions, please pay attention to the entire question being asked, as well as the prescribed word count, if provided. Use the correct medical terminology when answering all questions. Your answers should be reflective, analytical and based on critical assessments and the Enrolled nurse standards for practice and Codes of Ethics for Nursing. You will be assessed on the responses to the questions and will be deemed as either satisfactory or not satisfactory. All of the responses must be marked as satisfactory in order to pass the assessment. If your February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 2 1 assessment is not deemed satisfactory, you will be re-assessed as per the THINK Education Assessment Policy for Vocational Education and Training (VET), before being awarded a Non-Satisfactory mark for the assessment. Case Scenario: Mr George McFarlane is a 53-year-old Caucasian Male, admitted to hospital after seeing his General Practitioner (GP) for an infected left (L) toe, caused by a blister/ lesion, possibly from ill-fitting shoes. When he realised there was a lesion present, he initially did not consider it serious and did not seek medical treatment straight away. After a week, the smell disturbed him, and he sought advice from his GP who prescribed oral antibiotics and stressed the importance of cleansing and changing the dressing on his 1 February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 5 Reference: https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/amputation-due-to-diabetes-news-photo/151032672?adppopup=true 1 February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 6 Section 1 This section relates to Mr. McFarlane’s case study TASK Assessment Criteria Question 1 A. Discuss the pathophysiology of each of the chronic illnesses of Mr McFarlane: a. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus b. Osteoarthritis c. Peripheral Vascular Disease d. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease e. Peripheral Neuropathy B. What are the signs and symptoms of each condition? C. Discuss how these signs and symptoms impact on the patient’s different body systems and how this can affect his quality of life and independence. References required (word limit 300-500 words) APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template Response: A. Chronic Condition a. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a condition in which a person’s sugar levels to become too high. The chronic condition may occur are as follows: Heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, kidney disease, loss of vision or eye damage, sexual problems. [ CITATION Nic20 \l 3081 ] b. Osteoarthritis is causes by torn cartilage, dislocated joints, or ligament injuries. It is a chronic condition characterised by the breakdown of the cartilage that overlies the ends of joints on bone. This leads to bones rubbing together, causing pain, swelling and lose of motion. c. Peripheral Vascular Disease chronic condition are the life- threatening infections of the bones and blood stream. [ CITATION Per18 \l 3081 ] B. Signs & Symptoms Frequent urination Increased thirst Always feeling hungry Feeling very tired Blurry vision Slow healing of cuts and wounds Pain in the hand and feet, numbness, Tingling Patches of dark skin Itching and yeast infections https://www.medicalnewstoday.co m/articles/323185 Tenderness of joint, and pain Increase in pain and stiffness when you remain inactive for a while. Joints appear slightly larger. There will be limited range of movement in the joint. Crepitus Bony changes and joint deformity.[ CITATION Sym19 \l 3081 ] APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 7 Question 2 Outline the possible implications of a chronic illness on a client’s lifestyle using the headings below: A. Social B. Emotional C. Physical D. Psychological E. Financial Include in your answer how might this also impact on their family and loved ones? References required (word limit 200 - 400 words) APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 8 Response: Implications to Patient and/or family and loved ones A. Social It appeared that the effects of having a person in the family with a chronic condition on other family members would be similar across numerous chronic diseases. In other words, having a chronic sickness, regardless of the type of chronic disease, would have similar effects on other family members' life. Sometime society will not accept quality as other normal healthy people. They may build distance with the patient’s family as if it can be transmitted to them because lack of knowledge. Family might feel that they are being isolated from the social functions. Unknowingly, society can create a discomfort zone for the family of the patient with chronic illness. [ CITATION The13 \l 3081 ] B. Emotional It can lead to emotional stress for the family and patients themselves. It can be emotional burden for the family. Because of the bonding and attachment. It may result to self-guilty to the patient. But this bonding is very strong enough to look after the patients. C. Physical This will impact the daily activity of the family life. The time will not be same as before. We need to make a time for the patients. We need to plan considering the patients physical conditions. D. Psychological Chronic disease cause patient anxiety and depression, sadness, distress. They may lose support from friend, family, and society. Likewise, family must go through all the similar situation and badly effect in their psychological view toward each other. E. Financial Chronic disease interventions are expensive. It should follow through whole life. Health care cost rise as treatment cost escalation, medication cost, medical services cost, these all lead to financial burden. References: References The impact of patients’ chronic disease on family quality of life: an experience from 26 specialties . (2013, Sep 18 ).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3787893/ APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 9 TASK Assessment Criteria APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 12 TASK Assessment Criteria APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 13 Question 4 Discuss what further education and preventative strategies would be required to reduce the risk of this scenario re-occurring to Mr. McFarlane. In your answer you should discuss members of the Multidisciplinary Team that you could engage with in order to access information for Mr McFarlane. Also discuss appropriate community referrals after discharge for Mr. McFarlane. Discuss, in your answer, areas including the following: a. prevention b. use of various treatments c. principles of and practices for person-focused nursing practice d. maintenance of positive life roles e. enabling change of a person’s behaviour over time to improve health outcomes f. establishing readiness for attitudinal and behavioural change References required (word limit 200-400 words) Response: Prevention: patients has been educated about the healthy lifestyle. Patient been trained to do self BGL test. Patients is encouraged to eat healthy food and to do daily exercise. The patient is provided with diabetic education. Patient is encouraged to maintain his body weight. Patient is discouraged to the smoking and drinking habit. Social-worker, occupational, physiotherapist and dietitian must involve after hospital stay for a while. And he should follow-up with GP for regular updates of his health condition. Use of various treatment: different types of treatment should be involved to address his multiple health issue. The issues can be physical, mental, psychological, emotional. For his physical health issue can be minimized by physiotherapy and dietitians. The patient is provided care for every way to maintain his health conditions. principles of and practices for person-focused nursing practice: To help the patient return to a normal life, the experts must consult and collaborate with the community nurse and social worker. In designing a treatment plan, the patient's preferences, requirements, and concerns should be the most important considerations. The autonomy of the patient must be maintained, and the patient must understand that his rights are prioritised without discrimination. Fear, anxiety, and stress will increase. maintenance of positive life roles: A social worker can help to maintenance of positive life roles. Social worker can make him understand the prospect of life, the responsibilities toward his family and kids. enabling change of a person’s behaviour over time to improve health outcomes: medical services team APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 14 can assist him for his healthy diet plan and regular physical activities like games and exercises. Dietician and physiotherapy have vital role to implement heathy living in the patient’s life. establishing readiness for attitudinal and behavioural change: Heath education and wellbeing program can make him agitate, depressed, anxious for a while. MDT team and family should be supportive in this journey because patient can come through different behavioural changes. We all need to encourage to have healthy and happy life. APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 17 Section 2. The following questions are not related to Mr. McFarlane's case study TASK Assessment Criteria APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 18 Question 6 Describe the World Health Organisation's (WHO) focus on chronic illness, and provide a description of one of the following Chronic disease models/ programs: • The Chronic Care Model • The Flinders Model (program) • The Stanford Model • The National chronic disease strategy • The Chronic Care for Aboriginal people model of care References required (Word limit 200 words) Response: According to WHO report the middle income or low-income country is mostly drawn by chronic diseases. The chronic diseases are building a massive range of financial burden. The impact of chronic illness is not lack of food its poverty. Therefore, the government should formulate the evidence-based intervention to do control and prevention of chronic illness. This can be done by doing collaboration with the private and civil society. [ CITATION Pre \l 3081 ] The Flinders Model (Program) is introduced by the Flinders university. It is design to addressing the chronic disease management. It has four components: Disease management Self-management Coordination Coaching This model helps patients and medical team to take a structure self-assessment pathway for behavioural change. Both MTD and patient work together to set the goal and try to achieve and develop individual self- care plans. This is the programs made to improve the individual heath over the chronic disease.[ CITATION www \l 3081 ] References: References (n.d.). www.flindersprogram.com.au: https://www.flindersprogram.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Flinders- Program-Information-Paper.pdf APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 19 Preventing chronic diseases a vital investment. (n.d.).www.who.int: https://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/full_report.pdf APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template References: References Chronic disease. (2021, Feb 13).www.aihw.gov.au: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/health- conditions- disability-deaths/chronic-disease/overview National chronic disease serology. (n.d.). www.health.qld.gov.au : https://www.health.qld.gov.au/ data/assets/pdf_file/0023/431609/nat-chronic-dis-strategy.pdf February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 18 APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 19 TASK Assessment Criteria Question 8 For the chronic disease or chronic health condition listed below, state three (3) clinical manifestations for each (Signs and symptoms) • Chronic asthma • Chronic pain including back pain • Chronic renal failure • Congestive heart failure • Eczema • Incontinence • Neurological injury • Long- term unconsciousness • Parkinson’s disease • Rheumatoid arthritis • Stroke • Systemic lupus erythematosus References Required (100 words for each) Disease/Chronic Health Condition Clinical Manifestation Chronic Asthma Chest pain, cough, wheezing Chronic pain including back pain Muscle’s spasms and tightness in low back pelvic and hip, pain is achy or dull, burning pain that moves from lower back to thigh, sometimes lower legs or feet. Chronic renal failure Fatigue, high blood pressure, fluid in the lungs Congestive heart failure Dizziness, fatigue, pain in the chest area. Eczema Rashes, blister, ulcer Incontinence Leaking urine with coughs, passing urine frequently, wetting the bed when asleep Neurological injury Dilated pupil, Amnesia, mental confusion. Long-term unconsciousness Closed eyes, pupils not responding to the light, irregular breathing APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 20 Response: References: TASK Assessment Criteria APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 23 Question 11 Discuss the purpose of a tracheostomy and why a person may have one. Define both permanent and temporary tracheostomy procedures and explain why each one may be required. References required (word limit 100-200 words) APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 24 Response: The purpose of tracheostomy is an emergency procedure to provide relief of blockage of airways above trachea. It is usually few reasons; to bypass an obstruction upper airway; secretion can be cleaned or remove by this procedure; to deliver oxygen to the lungs in a safe and easy ways. [ CITATION Tra14 \l 3081 ] As we know that tracheostomy is being performed as a medical emergency, so we have two types of tracheostomies: Emergency tracheostomy (permanent), and non-emergency (temporary) Emergency tracheostomy: the patient will be positioned on the back and rolled up with towel is placed under the shoulder to make more comfortable for the patient. The local anaesthetic will be administered into the target area, and the cut of the skin is made. Now the trachea will open by the surgeon. The airways tube is inserted into the trachea. The tube will be connected to the oxygen supply. The whole procedure will be done as soon as possible. Non-emergency tracheostomy: In here the patient is positioned on back side, the neck and chest are swabbed with antiseptic. Now, the cut will made in the lower half of the patient’s neck between the larynx and the sternum. The skin of the throat is cut firstly. Muscles there are parted. Then the thyroid gland may be removed or pull back to expose the trachea into opening. Then stitches done that will be needed to hold the tube in place. The tube is connected to the oxygen supply. References: References Tracheostomy. (2014, 08 31). www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/tracheostomy APN108 Applying Nursing Practices (B) Assessment 1A response template February 2021. RTO Code 0269. Think: Colleges Pty Ltd. CRICOS Provider No. 00246M Page 25