Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal & Ethical NCLEX Practice - Dilemmas in Nursing, Exams of Nursing

Download Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal & Ethical NCLEX Practice - Dilemmas in Nursing and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers In the United States, access to health care usually depends on a client's ability to pay for health care, either through insurance or by paying cash. The client the nurse is caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. This client has been out of work for several months and does not have insurance or enough cash. A discussion about the ethics of this situation would involve predominantly the principle of: a. Accountability, because you as the nurse are accountable for the well being of this client b. Respect of autonomy, because this client's autonomy will be violated if he does not receive the liver transplant c. Ethics of care, because the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is resources for a liver transplant d. Justice, because the first and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the just distribution of resources - correct answer d. Justice, because the first and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the just distribution of resources Justice refers to fairness. Health care providers agree to strive for justice in health care. The term often is used during discussions about resources. Decisions about who should receive available organs are always difficult. When the nurse described the client as "that nasty old man in 354," the nurse is exhibiting which ethical dilemma? Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers a. Gender bias and ageism b. HIPPA violation c. Beneficence d. Code of ethics violation - correct answer a. Gender bias and ageism Stereotyping an "old man" as "nasty"is a gender bias and an ageism issue. The nurse is verbalizing a negative descriptor about the client. The nurse is working with parents of a seriously ill newborn. Surgery has been proposed for the infant, but the chances of success are unclear. In helping the parents resolve this ethical conflict, the nurse knows that the first step is: a. Exploring reasonable courses of action b. Collecting all available information about the situation c. Clarifying values related to the cause of the dilemma d. Identifying people who can solve the difficulty - correct answer b. Collecting all available information about the situation Which of the following is not included in evaluating the degree of heritage consistency in a client? a. Gender b. Culture Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers a. Limit the time visitors may stay so they do not become overwhelmed by the situation b. Avoid telling family members about the client's actual condition so they will not lose hope c. Discourage spiritual practices because this will have little connection to the client at this time d. Find simple and appropriate care activities for the family to perform - correct answer d. Find simple and appropriate care activities for the family to perform It is helpful for the nurse to find simple care activities for the family to perform, such as feeding the client, washing the client's face, combing hair, and filling out the client's menu. This helps the family demonstrate their caring for the client and enables the client to feel their closeness and concern. a. Older adults often become particularly lonely at night and may feel more secure if a family member stays at the bedside during the night. The nurse should allow visitors to remain with dying clients at any time if the client wants them. It is up to the family to determine if they are feeling overwhelmed, not the nurse. The nurse places an aquathermia pad on a client with a muscle sprain. The nurse informs the client the pad should be removed in 30 minutes. Why will the nurse return in 30 minutes to remove the pad? a. Reflex vasoconstriction occurs Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers b. Reflex vasodilation occurs c. Systemic response occurs d. Local response occurs - correct answer a. Reflex vasoconstriction occurs If heat is applied for 1 hour or more, blood flow is reduced by reflex vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction is the opposite of the desired effect of heat application Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. Once the nurse has determined that the dilemma is ethical, a critical first step in negotiating the difference of opinion would be to: a. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of the process occur in full b. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the dilemma c. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that negotiations agree on the language of the discussion d. Ensure that the attending physician has written an order for an ethics consultation to support the ethics process - correct answer b. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the dilemma Each step in the processing of an ethical dilemma resembles steps in critical thinking. The nurse begins by gathering information and moves Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers through assessment, identification of the problem, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The dominant values in American society on individual autonomy and self-determination: a. Rarely have an effect on other cultures b. Do have an effect on health care c. May hinder ability to get into a hospice program d. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups - correct answer d. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups The dominant value in American society of individual autonomy and self-determination may be in direct conflict with diverse groups. Advance directives, informed consent, and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that my violate client's values. Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to: a. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations b. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client's clinical condition c. Assess the client's point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers b. Nurse Practice Act (NPA) c. American Nurses Association (ANA) d. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) - correct answer d. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) If the hospital fails to follow ADA guidelines for meeting special needs, the facility loses funding and status for receiving low-income loans or reimbursement of expenses. ADA protects the civil rights of disabled people. It applies to both the hospital clients and hospital staff. Privacy issues for persons who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been one issue in relationship to getting information when hospital staff have been exposed to unclean sticks. The ADA allows the infected client the right to choose whether or not to disclose that information. A health care issue often becomes an ethical dilemma because: a. A clients legal rights coexist with a health professionals obligation b. Decisions must be made quickly, often under stressful conditions c. Decisions must be made based on value systems d. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong - correct answer d. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. Which description of a type of law is correct? a. Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA). b. Regulatory law includes prevention of harm for the public and punishment for those laws that are broken. c. Common law protects the rights of the individual within society for fair and equal treatment. d. Criminal law creates boards that pass rules and regulations to control society. - correct answer a. Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA). Statutory law is created by legislature. It creates statues such as the NPA, which defines the role of the nurse and expectations of the performance of one's duties and explains what is contraindicated as guidelines for breech of those regulations. Ethnocentrism is the root of: a. Biases and prejudices b. Meanings by which people make sense of their experiences c. Cultural beliefs d. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health - correct answer a. Biases and prejudices Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of one's: a. Background, recognizing biases and prejudices b. Social, cultural, and biophysical factors c. Engagement in cross-cultural interactions d. Motivation and commitment to caring - correct answer a. Background, recognizing biases and prejudices Cultural awareness is an in-depth examination of one's own background, recognizing biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people. Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for pain medication. However, cultural pain: a. May be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners. b. Is more intense, thus necessitating more medication. c. Is not expressed verbally or physically d. Is expressed only to others of like culture - correct answer a. May be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners. Nurses need not assume that pain relief is equally valued across groups. Cultural pain may be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners. Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers b. Informed consent c. Living will d. Advance directives - correct answer d. Advance directives Ethical principles for professional nursing practice in a clinical setting are guided by the principles of conduct that are written as the: a. American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics b. Nurse Practice Act (NPA) written by state legislation c. Standards of care from experts in the practice field d.Good Samaritan laws for civil guidelines - correct answer a. American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics guidelines established by the ANA to maintain the highest standards for ideal conduct in practice. As a profession, the ANA wanted to establish rules and then incorporate guidelines for accountability and responsibility of each nurse within the practice setting. The code of ethics for nurses is composed and published by: a. The national league for Nursing b. The American Nurses Association c. The Medical American Association d. The National Institutes of Health, Nursing division - correct answer b. The American Nurses Association Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers ANA has established widely accepted codes that professional nurses attempt to follow. The client's right to refuse treatment is an example of: a. Statutory law b. Common law c. Civil laws d. Nurse practice acts - correct answer b. Common law When a client is confused, left alone with the side rails down, and the bed in a high position, the client falls and breaks a hip. What law has been broken? a. Assault b. Battery c. Negligence d. Civil tort - correct answer c. Negligence Knowing what to do to prevent injury is a part of the standards of care for nurses to follow. Safety guidelines dictate raising the side rails, staying with the client, lowering the bed, and observing the client until the environment is safe. As a nurse, these activities are known as basic safety measures that prevent injuries, and to not perform them is not acting in a safe manner. Negligence is conduct that falls below the standard of care that protects others against unreasonable risk of harm. Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers Bereavement may be defined as: a. The emotional response to loss b. The outward, social expression of loss c. Postponing the awareness of the reality of the loss. d. The inner feeling and outward reactions of the survivor - correct answer d. The inner feeling and outward reactions of the survivor To respect a client's personal space and territoriality, the nurse: a. Avoids the use of touch b. Explains nursing care and procedures c. Keeps the curtains pulled around the clients bed d. Stands 8 feet away from the bed, if possible - correct answer b. Explains nursing care and procedures Even though the nurse may obtain the clients signature on a form, obtaining informed consent is the responsibility of the: a. Client b. Physician c. Student nurse d. Supervising nurse - correct answer b. Physician Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers d. Sr. Callista Roy - correct answer b. Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture. The scope of Nursing Practice, the established educational requirements for nurses, and the distinction between nursing and medical practice is defined by: a. Statutory law b. Common law c. Civil law d. Nurse practice acts - correct answer d. Nurse practice acts What should the nurse do when planning nursing care for a client with a different cultural background? The nurse should: a. Allow the family to provide care during the hospital stay so no rituals or customs are broken b. Identify how these cultural variables affect the health problem c. Speak slowly and show pictures to make sure the client always understands d. Explain how the client must adapt to hospital routines to be effectively cared for while in the hospital - correct answer b. Identify how these cultural variables affect the health problem Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers Without assessment and identification of the cultural needs, the nurse cannot begin to understand how these might influence the health problem or health care management. Trying questionable and experimental forms of therapy is a behavior that is characterized of which stage of dying? a. Anger b. Depression c. Bargaining d. Acceptance - correct answer c. Bargaining When signing a form as a witness, your signature shows that the client: a. Is fully informed and is aware of all consequences. b. Was awake and fully alert and not medicated with narcotics. c.Was free to sign without pressure d. Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done - correct answer d. Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done Your signature as a witness only states that the person signing the form was the person who was listed in the procedure. Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers All of the following are crucial needs of the dying client except: a. Control of pain b. Preservation of dignity and self-worth c. Love and belonging d. Freedom from decision making - correct answer d. Freedom from decision making Cultural competence is the process of: a. Learning about vast cultures b. Acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes c. Influencing treatment and care of clients d. Motivation and commitment to caring. - correct answer b. Acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes Cultural competence is the process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that ensure delivery of culturally congruent care. Which criterion is needed for someone to give consent to a procedure? a. An appointed guardianship b. Unemancipated minor c. Minimum of 21 years or older d. An advocate for a child - correct answer a. An appointed guardianship Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers b. The principle of autonomy guides all participants to respect their own self-worth c. Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique among all professional health care providers d. The nurse's code of ethics recommends that a nurse be present at any ethical discussion about client care - correct answer c. Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique among all professional health care providers When ethical dilemmas arise, the nurses point of view unique and critical. The nurse usually interacts with clients over longer time intervals than do other disciples. When caring for a terminally ill client, it is important for the nurse maintain the client's dignity. This can be facilitated by: a. Spending time to let clients share their life experiences b. Decreasing emphasis on attending to the clients' appearance because it only increases their fatigue c. Making decisions for clients so they do not have to make them d. Placing the client in a private room to provide privacy at all times - correct answer a. Spending time to let clients share their life experiences Spending time to let clients share their life experiences enables the nurse to know clients better. Knowing clients then facilitates choice of Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers therapies that promote client decision making and autonomy, thus promoting a client's self-esteem and dignity. A confused client who fell out of bed because side rails were not used is an example of which type of liability? a. Felony b. Assault c. Battery d. Negligence - correct answer d. Negligence Transcultural nursing implies: a. Using a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups to provide specific individualized care that is culturally appropriate b. Working in another culture to practice nursing within their limitations c. Combining all cultural beliefs into a practice that is a nonthreatening approach to minimize cultural barriers for all clients' equality of care d. Ignoring all cultural differences to provide the best generalized care to all clients. - correct answer a. Using a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups to provide specific individualized care that is culturally appropriate Transcultural care means that by understanding and learning about specific cultural practices the nurse can integrate these practices into Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers the plan of care for a specific individual client who has the same beliefs or practices to meet the client's needs in a holistic manner of care. The philosophy sometimes called the code of ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be solved by attention to: a. Relationships b. Ethical principles c. Clients d. Code of ethics for nurses - correct answer a. Relationships The ethic of care explores the notion of care as a central activity of human behavior. Those who write about the ethics of care advocate a more female biased theory that is based on understanding relationships, especially personal narratives. Which statement would best explain the role of the nurse when planning care for a culturally diverse population? The nurse will plan care to: a. Include care that is culturally congruent with the staff from predetermined criteria b. Focus only on the needs of the client, ignoring the nurse's beliefs and practices c. Blend the values of the nurse that are for the good of the client and minimize the client's individual values and beliefs during care Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the poor illustrate the influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and mortality. Social factors such as poverty and lack of universal medical insurance compromise the health status of the poor and unemployed. The nurse practice acts are an example of: a. Statutory law b. Common law c. Civil law D. Criminal law - correct answer a. Statutory law Which statement about loss is accurate? a. Loss is only experienced when there is an actual absence of something valued b. The more the individual has invested in what is lost, the less the feeling of loss c. Loss may be maturational, situational, or both. d. The degree of stress experienced is unrelated to the type of loss - correct answer c. Loss may be maturational, situational, or both. In a situation in which there is insufficient staff to implement competent care, a nurse should: Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers a. Organize a strike b. Inform the clients of the situation c. Refuse the assignment d. Accept the assignment but make a protest in writing to the administration - correct answer d. Accept the assignment but make a protest in writing to the administration Which activity would not be expected by the nurse to meet the cultural needs of the client? a. Promote and support attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills to respectfully meet client's cultural needs despite the nurse's own beliefs and practices b. Ensure that the interpreter understands not only the language of the client but feelings and attitudes behind cultural practices to make sure an ethical balance can be achieved c. Develop structure and process for meeting cultural needs on a regular basis and means to avoid overlooking these needs with clients d. Expect the family to keep an interpreter present at all times to assist in meeting the communication needs all day and night while hospitalized - correct answer d. Expect the family to keep an interpreter present at all times to assist in meeting the communication needs all day and night while hospitalized Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers It is not the family's responsibility to assist in the communication process. Many families will leave someone to help at times, but it is the hospital's legal obligation to find an interpreter for continued understanding by the client to make sure the client is fully informed and comprehends in his or her primary language. A student nurse who is employed as a nursing assistant may perform any functions that: a. Have been learned about in school b. Are expected of a nurse at that level c. Are identified in the positions job description d. Require technical rather than professional skill - correct answer c. Are identified in the positions job description The dominant value orientation in North American society is: a. Use of rituals symbolizing the supernatural b. Group reliance and interdependence c. Healing emphasizing naturalistic modalities d. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health - correct answer d. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers The name selected by the original manufacturer based on the chemical structure of the drug is the: a. Chemical name b. Drug name c. Generic name d. Trade name - correct answer c. Generic name The chemical name is the chemical name is the chemical structure of the compound. The trade name is a proprietary name owned by the company that creates and registers it. The drug name does not exist. The interaction of one drug increased by the presence of a second drug is known as: a. Potentiation b. Addictive effect c. Antagonism d. Synergism - correct answer a. Potentiation Potentiation occurs when the action of one drug is increased by the action of another. Think of two words potentiate and potential together. The potential of one drug is higher when a second drug is added to it. Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers When two drugs given together have an effect equal to the sum of their respective effects, the interaction is known as: a. Potentiated b. Antagonized c. Agonist d. Additive - correct answer d. Additive An addictive effect occurs when two drugs are given together and their effects is equal to the sum of their respective effects. Absorption, distribution, and excretion may be increased by which of the following diseases? a. Hyperthyroidism b. Renal insufficiency c. Liver disease d. Hypothyroidism - correct answer a. Hyperthyroidism Diseases that speed up metabolism, such as hyperthyroidism, will increase absorption, distribution, and elimination. B, C, and D are incorrect because diseases that decrease metabolism, such as hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency, and liver disease, will slow these metabolic processes. When a drug is 50% protein bound, it means that: Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers a. 50% of the drug destroys protein b. 50% of the dose is at work c. 50% of the drug is excreted in the kidneys d. Protein must be restricted in the diet - correct answer b. 50% of the dose is at work The percentage of drug NOT protein bound is the amount of drug that is free to exert its effect on the body's issues. A, C, and D are incorrect because protein binding has nothing to do with the destruction of protein, drug excretion, or protein in the diet. Note that the concept of "50% bound" literally means that 50% is BOUND or connected to protein. This means that the remaining 50% is available. Safety of a drug is determined by the degree between: a. Therapeutic and toxic doses b. Potency and efficacy c. Subtherapeutic and toxic levels d. Side and adverse effects - correct answer a. Therapeutic and toxic doses Safety is determined by the degree between therapeutic and toxic doses. Potency and efficacy are not related to safety. Subtherapeutic levels are not part of safety determinations because if a drug is subtherapeutic it does not exert any desired effect. Side effects are expected, and adverse effects are often the result of toxicity. Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers As a knowledgeable nurse, you know that the following are part of the five rights except: a. Right dose b. Right route c. Right drug d. Right room - correct answer d. Right room Right room is not one of the five rights.The five rights are right client, route, dose, drug, and time. When performing an assessment about medication, the drug history should include: a. Complete vital signs b. Client's goal of therapy c. Reason for medication d. Administration of OTC medications - correct answer d. Administration of OTC medications The nurse should determine if the client is taking any other medications, especially OTC medications because their effects are often minimized. Other choices are important part of assessment, but choice D is the most accurate answer. Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers The volume of SC medication must be no more than: a. 0.5 mL b. 1.0 mL c. 1.5 mL d. 3.0 mL - correct answer b. 1.0 mL The maximum amount of fluid that can be injected into the SC space is 1.0 mL. Which of the following muscles is a possible site for IM injections? a. Outer aspect of the hip b. Shoulder c. Vastus gluteus d. Vastus lateralis - correct answer d. Vastus lateralis Possible injection sites for IM administration include ventrogluteal, deltoid, dorsogluteal, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris. When deciding on what time of day to give medications, the nurse pays closest attention to the client's habits regarding: a. Eating Nursing Jurisprudence: Legal and Ethical Considerations NCLEX Practice Questions And Answers b. Sleeping c. Elimination d. Activity - correct answer a. Eating Eating is the most important of these because food in the stomach must be a consideration. The client's ability to take oral medications will be hindered by: a. Age b. Dental caries c. Dysphagia d. Lifestyle - correct answer c. Dysphagia Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing. This would make administration of oral medications impossible. Other choices do not impair ingestion Which of the following will determine nursing interventions for a client on medication? a. Assessment b. Diagnoses c. Implementation d. Evaluation - correct answer b. Diagnoses