Understanding Lung Pathologies: Emphysema, Pulmonary Fibrosis, and Pulmonary Edema, Exams of Nursing

Download Understanding Lung Pathologies: Emphysema, Pulmonary Fibrosis, and Pulmonary Edema and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Nursing Quiz 5 - Pulmonary Function Questions with Answers 1. A patient has a history of emphysema and has hyperinflated lungs. Which of the following would be true regarding this patient? A. Increased lung compliance B. Decreased alveolar surfactant C. Increased lung elastic recoil D. Increased airway resistance ****** it does cause this but primary is compliance 2. The compliance within the apex of the lung of a standing person would be than the base of the lung. A. Greater Than B. Lesser Than ←----The key had this answer as correct, but I selected it on my quiz and missed it. 8/10/19 C. Equal 3. The space between the lungs that include the heart, esophagus, and the great vessels is termed A. Nasopharynx B. Carina C. Hilum D. Mediastinum 4. Which of the following is true regarding Acute Respiratory Syndrome (ARDS) A. It is caused by injury to the bronchioles B. It can cause severe pulmonary edema C. It is most commonly caused by exposure to inhaled irritants D. Macrophage and neutrophils are not involved in the response 5. Pulmonary fibrosis is most likely to result in all of the following except A. thickening of the alveolocapillary membrane B. Decreased diffusing capacity in the lungs C. Hypoxemia D. Oxygen toxicity 6. Emphysema results from A. A ruptured bleb B. An infected pleural effusion C. Persistent abnormal dilation of bronchi D. An excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lung 7. A reduced oxygenation of the blood is termed A. Hypoxemia B. Hypoxia C. Pneumoconiosis D. Asthma 8. Along with respiratory bronchioles, the-----is a thin walled balloon-liked structure that acts as the primary unit of gas exchange A. Alveolus B. Pore of Kohn C. Clara cell D. Bronchus 9. The most common feature as a result of hyperventilation is A. Acidosis B. Hypocapnia C. Hypercapnia D. Clubbing of the fingers 10. The pores of Kohn play a role in: B. Increase, left C. Decrease, right D. Decrease, left 20. Which of the following is NOT part of Virchow’s triad in the development of thrombi and emboli? A. Hypercoagulability of blood B. Stasis of blood C. Endothelial damage D. Immune system activation 21. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding tuberculosis? A. People who have been immunized with the BCG vaccine (as is common in Europe) will test positive on a tuberculin skin test (TST) B. macrophage are often unsuccessful in clearing the infection, rather they help to wall it off C. Tuberculosis typically presents as an acute onset and rapidly advancing disease process D. fatigue , weight loss, anorexia, low grade afternoon fever, and night sweats are common signs and symptoms of TB infection **22. Which of the following signs/symptoms best fits a patient presenting with chronic hypoxia as a result of pulmonary fibrosis? A. Cheyne-stokes breathing B. Hypoventilation C. Hypocapnia D. Clubbing of the fingers 23. The main neural control center coordinating ventilation during quiet breathing is the: 1. Apneustic center 2. Pneumotaxic center 3. Dorsal respiratory group - controls tidal volume 4. Ventral respiratory group - this is related to exercise 24. Vasoconstriction of a pulmonary artery serving an area of lung will have what effect? A. Decreased blood flow to that area B. Decrease ventilation to that area C. Increased airway resistance in that area D. Decrease in V/Q ratio 25. What effect would decreased compliance have on ventilation? A. It would not have any effect B. The increased stiffness would make inspiration more difficult C. The decreased compliance would make inflation easier and cause a barrel chest D. It would make breathing easier 26. What helps to keep the expansion forces of the chest wall and the contracting forces of the alveoli/lungs linked so that the lung does not collapse and the chest does not expand further? 1. The intercostal muscles 2. Surfactant 3. The carina 4. The negative pressure in the pleural cavity 27. Someone with a diminished ventilation to their alveoli as a result of respiratory disease is most likely to present with: 1. Pulmonary hypertension 2. Development of right sided heart failure over time if untreated 3. Jugular venous distention 4. All of the above 28. Atelectasis is cause by all of the following EXCEPT: 1. Compression by tumor, fluid, or air causing alveoli to collapse 2. Decreased or absent surfactant production 3. Blockage of or hypoventilated alveoli 4. All of the above can lead to atelectasis 29. Of the following types, which is responsible for secreting surfactant? 1. Type I alveolar cells 2. Type II alveolar cells 3. Clara cells 4. Goblet cells 30. Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting airways? a. Right mainstem bronchus b. Respiratory bronchioles c. Trachea d. Segmental bronchi **31. The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete, forceful exhalation is termed the: a. Functional residual capacity b. Residual volume c. Expiratory reserve volume d. Tidal volume 32. The amount of quiet inhalation/exhalation in a typical breath is termed the: a. Inspiratory reserve volume b. Expiratory reserve volume c. Tidal volume d. Residual volume 33. Fluid or solids replacing the air within the alveoli is best termed: a. Consolidation b. Cavitation c. Abscess C. Orthopnea D. Exercise induced dyspnea 43. A 1 year old child present with tachypnea, labored breathing and wheezing following onset of what appears to be a cold/viral infection. The most likely diagnosis at this time is: A. Empyema B. Emphysema C. Pneumoconiosis D. Bronchiolitis 44. The ventilation-perfusion ratio is the same in the lung apex as the base in a standing, normal person A. True B. False 45. The experience of breathing discomfort, shortness of breath or air hunger upon laying flat in patients with heart failure is termed: a. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea b. Orthopnea c. Dyspnea on exertion d. Kussmaul breathing **46. How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood? A. Dissolved in the plasma B. Bound to proteins such as hemoglobin C. As bicarbonate that can be converted back to CO2 D. The answer is different in arterial than in venous blood 47. Chronic inflammation of the bronchial wall, with destruction of the elastic and muscular components best describes A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis B. Bronchiectasis C. Empyema D. Pleural effusion 48. In response to high alveolar PO2 (PaO2), which of the following will NOT occur? A. Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction B. Bronchiolar constriction to that alveolus C. Increased perfusion of that alveolus D. All of the above 49. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of asthma? A. Ig A is a major factor B. There is decreased vascular permeability C. Inflammation results in hyperresponsiveness D. The inflammatory process is caused by the loss of bronchial smooth muscle spasm 50. Kussmaul breathing is best described as : A. Gasping upon waking from sleep B. Dyspnea upon lying flat in patients with heart failure C. Increasing volume of breath in consecutive breaths which peak and then diminish in volume until a period of apnea occurs, then repeat D. Slightly increased ventilatory rate with very large tidal volumes and no expiratory pause 51. The pulmonary disease most associated with permanent enlargement of acini due to loss of elastic tissue and inflammatory remodeling (without obvious addition of connective tissue) with air trapping is: (Hint: could also be a result of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficit) A. Pulmonary fibrosis B. Pleuritis (pleurisy) C. Asthma D. Emphysema 52. The vital capacity is comprised of all of the following volumes EXCEPT: a. Residual volume b. Tidal volume c. Inspiratory reserve volume d. Expiratory reserve volume 53. Which of the following is NOT part of the alveolar capillary membrane? a. Hyaline cartilage b. The alveolar wall c. The endothelial cells making up the capillary wall d. The fused basement membrane between the capillary and alveolar walls **54. Edema at the alveolar capillary membrane is a problem because a. Indicates cancerous changes b. Restricts perfusion of the alveolus c. It interferes with normal gas exchange d. It decreases airway resistance in that area 55. Which of the following is NOT associated with pulmonary edema? a. Pulmonary hypertension b. Pulmonary fibrosis c. Right-sided heart failure from tricuspid prolapse d. Acute respiratory distress syndrome **56. Which of the following statements about pneumonia is INCORRECT? a. Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection b. Pneumonia is frequently preceded by a viral infection