Nutrition Practice Exam 2023/2024 Questions And Answers, Exams of Nutrition

Download Nutrition Practice Exam 2023/2024 Questions And Answers and more Exams Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! Nutrition Practice Exam 2023/2024 Questions And Answers  A nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a colonoscopy and whose bowel preparation will include polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage prior to the procedure. The presence of what health problem would contraindicate the use of this form of bowel preparation? A) Inflammatory bowel disease  A nurse is promoting increased protein intake to enhance a patients wound healing. The nurse knows that enzymes are essential in the digestion of nutrients such as protein. What is the enzyme that initiates the digestion of protein? A) Pepsin  A patient has been brought to the emergency department with abdominal pain and is subsequently diagnosed with appendicitis. The patient is scheduled for an appendectomy but questions the nurse about how his health will be affected by the absence of an appendix. How should the nurse best respond? A) Your appendix doesnt play a major role, so you wont notice any difference after you recovery from surgery.  A patient asks the nursing assistant for a bedpan. When the patient is finished, the nursing assistant notifies the nurse that the patient has bright red streaking of blood in the stool. What is this most likely a result of? C) Hemorrhoids  An adult patient is scheduled for an upper GI series that will use a barium swallow. What teaching should the nurse include when the patient has completed the test? C) Fluids must be increased to facilitate the evacuation of the stool  A patient has come to the outpatient radiology department for diagnostic testing. Which of the following diagnostic procedures will allow the care team to evaluate and remove polyps? A) Colonoscopy  A nurse is caring for a patient with recurrent hematemesis who is scheduled for upper gastrointestinal fibroscopy (UGF). How should the nurse in the radiology department prepare this patient? D)Apply local anesthetic to the back of the patients throat.  The nurse is providing health education to a patient scheduled for a colonoscopy. The nurse should explain that she will be placed in what position during this diagnostic test? C) Lying on the left side with legs drawn toward the chest  A patient has sought care because of recent dark-colored stools. As a result, a fecal occult blood test has been ordered. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which of the following prior to collecting a stool sample? A) NSAIDs  The nurse is preparing to perform a patients abdominal assessment. What examination sequence should the nurse follow? A) Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation  A patient who has been experiencing changes in his bowel function is scheduled for a barium enema. What instruction should the nurse provide for postprocedure recovery? C) Increase fluid intake to evacuate the barium. D) Avoid dairy products for 24 hours postprocedure.  A nurse is caring for a newly admitted patient with a suspected GI bleed. The nurse assesses the patients stool after a bowel movement and notes it to be a tarry-black color. This finding is suggestive of bleeding from what location? B) Upper GI tract  A nursing student has auscultated a patients abdomen and noted one or two bowel sounds in a 2-minute period of time. How would you tell the student to document the patients bowel sounds? B) Hypoactive  An advanced practice nurse is assessing the size and density of a patients abdominal organs. If the results of palpation are unclear to the nurse, what assessment technique should be implemented? A) Percussion  A nurse is caring for a patient with biliary colic and is aware that the patient may experience referred abdominal pain. Where would the nurse most likely expect this patient to experience referred pain? B) Below the right nipple  An inpatient has returned to the medical unit after a barium enema. When assessing the patients subsequent bowel patterns and stools, what finding should the nurse report to the physician? D) Streaks of blood present in the stool  A nurse in a stroke rehabilitation facility recognizes that the brain regulates swallowing. Damage to what area of the brain will most affect the patients ability to swallow? B) Medulla oblongata  A patient is being assessed for a suspected deficit in intrinsic factor synthesis. What diagnostic or assessment finding is the most likely rationale for this examination of intrinsic factor production? D) Persistently low hemoglobin and hematocrit  A patient with a recent history of intermittent bleeding is undergoing capsule endoscopy to determine the source of the bleeding. When explaining this diagnostic test to the patient, what advantage should the nurse describe? D) The test is noninvasive.  A nurse is caring for a patient admitted with a suspected malabsorption disorder. The nurse knows that one of the accessory organs of the digestive system is the pancreas. What digestive enzymes does the pancreas secrete? Select all that apply. A) Pepsin B) Lipase C) Amylase D) Trypsin E) Ptyalin  The nurse is caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of AIDS. Inspection of the patients mouth reveals the new presence of white lesions on the patients oral mucosa. What is the nurses most appropriate response? D) Inform the primary care provider of this finding.  A patient has been scheduled for a urea breath test in one months time. What nursing diagnosis most likely prompted this diagnostic test? B) Risk For Impaired Skin Integrity Related to Peptic Ulcers  A female patient has presented to the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain; the physician has ordered abdominal ultrasound to rule out cholecystitis (gallbladder infection). The patient expresses concern to the nurse about the safety of this diagnostic procedure. How should the nurse best respond? B) Abdominal ultrasound poses no known safety risks of any kind. Chapter 44: Digestive and Gastrointestinal Treatment Modalities 1. A nurse is preparing to place a patients ordered nasogastric tube. How should the nurse best determine the correct length of the nasogastric tube? A) Place distal tip to nose, then ear tip and end of xiphoid process. 2. A patient is concerned about leakage of gastric contents out of the gastric sump tube the nurse has just inserted. What would the nurse do to prevent reflux gastric contents from coming through the blue vent of a gastric sump tube? B) Keep the vent lumen above the patients waist. 3. A patient receiving tube feedings is experiencing diarrhea. The nurse and the physician suspect that the patient is experiencing syndrome. What intervention is most appropriate? C) Dilute the concentration of the feeding solution. 4. A nurse is admitting a patient to the postsurgical unit following a gastrostomy. When planning assessments, the nurse should be aware of what potential postoperative complication of a gastrostomy? A) Premature removal of the G tube 5. A nursing educator is reviewing the care of patients with feeding tubes and endotracheal tubes (ET). The educator has emphasized the need to check for tube placement in the stomach as well as residual volume. What is the main purpose of this nursing action? B) Prevent aspiration 6. The nurse is administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to a client who underwent surgery for gastric cancer. Which of the nurses assessments most directly addresses a major complication of TPN? A) Checking the patients capillary blood glucose levels regularly 7. A critical care nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. The nurse knows that the indications for starting parenteral nutrition (PN) for this patient are what? C) Inability to take in adequate oral food or fluids within 7 days 8. A nurse is preparing to administer a patients intravenous fat emulsion simultaneously with parenteral nutrition (PN). Which of the following principles should guide the nurses action? A) Intravenous fat emulsions may be infused simultaneously with PN through a Y-connector close to the infusion site and should not be filtered. 9. A nurse is participating in a patients care conference and the team is deciding between parenteral nutrition (PN) and a total nutritional admixture (TNA). What advantages are associated with providing TNA rather than PN? C) TNA is less costly than PN. 10. A nurse is initiating parenteral nutrition (PN) to a postoperative patient who has developed complications. The nurse should initiate therapy by performing which of the following actions? B) Initiating the infusion slowly and monitoring the patients fluid and glucose tolerance 11. A patients physician has determined that for the next 3 to 4 weeks the patient will require parenteral nutrition (PN). The nurse should anticipate the placement of what type of venous access device? B) Nontunneled central catheter 12. A nurse is caring for a patient who has an order to discontinue the administration of parenteral nutrition. What should the nurse do to prevent the occurrence of rebound hypoglycemia in the patient? A) Administer an isotonic dextrose solution for 1 to 2 hours after discontinuing the PN. 13. A nurse is caring for a patient with a subclavian central line who is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). In preparing a care plan for this patient, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize? B) Risk for Infection Related to the Presence of a Subclavian Catheter 14. A patients health decline necessitates the use of total parenteral nutrition. The patient has questioned the need for insertion of a central venous catheter, expressing a preference for a normal IV. The nurse should know that peripheral administration of high- concentration PN formulas is contraindicated because of the risk for what complication? A) Chemical phlebitis 15. A nurse is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of late-stage Alzheimers disease. The patient has just returned to the medical unit to begin supplemental feedings through an NG tube. Which of the nurses assessments addresses this patients most significant potential complication of feeding? C) Frequent lung auscultation 16. The management of the patients gastrostomy is an assessment priority for the home care nurse. What statement would indicate that the patient is managing the tube correctly? C) I flush my tube with water before and after each of my medications. 17. A nurse is caring for a patient with a nasogastric tube for feeding. During shift assessment, the nurse auscultates a new onset of bilateral lung crackles and notes a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. The patients oxygen saturation is 89% by pulse oximetry. After ensuring the patients immediate safety, what is the nurses most appropriate action? D) Report possible signs of aspiration pneumonia to the primary care provider. 18. A nurse is creating a care plan for a patient with a nasogastric tube. How should the nurse direct other members of the care team to check correct placement of the tube? D) Use a combination of at least two accepted methods for confirming placement. 19. The nurse is assessing placement of a nasogastric tube that the patient has had in place for 2 days. The tube is draining green aspirate. What is the nurses most appropriate action? C) Leave the tube in its present position. 20. A patients new onset of dysphagia has required insertion of an NG tube for feeding; the nurse has modified the patients care plan accordingly. What intervention should the nurse include in the patients plan of care? A) Confirm placement of the tube prior to each medication administration. 21. A patient has been brought to the emergency department by EMS after telling a family member that he deliberately took an overdose of NSAIDs a few minutes earlier. If lavage is ordered, the nurse should prepare to assist with the insertion of what type of tube? D) Orogastric tube 22. A patients NG tube has become clogged after the nurse instilled a medication that was insufficiently crushed. The nurse has attempted to aspirate with a large-bore syringe, with no success. What should the nurse do next? B) Attach a syringe filled with warm water and attempt an in-and-out motion of instilling and aspirating. 23. A nurse has obtained an order to remove a patients NG tube and has prepared the patient accordingly. After flushing the tube and removing the nasal tape, the nurse attempts removal but is met with resistance. Because the nurse is unable to overcome this resistance, what is the most appropriate action? D) Report this finding to the patients primary care provider. 24. A nurse is writing a care plan for a patient with a nasogastric tube in place for gastric decompression. What risk nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate component of the care plan? B) Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Related to the Presence of NG Tube 25. A patients enteral feedings have been determined to be too concentrated based on the patients development of dumping syndrome. What physiologic phenomenon caused this patients complication of enteral feeding? B) Entry of large amounts of water into the small intestine because of osmotic pressure 26. A nurse is creating a care plan for a patient who is receiving parenteral nutrition. The patients care plan should include nursing actions relevant to what potential complications? Select all that apply. A) Dumping syndrome B) Clotted or displaced catheter C) Pneumothorax D) Hyperglycemia E) Line sepsis Ans: B, C, D, E A) The patient will require an upper endoscopy every 6 months to detect malignant changes. 6. The school nurse is planning a health fair for a group of fifth graders and dental health is one topic that the nurse plans to address. What would be most likely to increase the risk of tooth decay? A) Organic fruit juice 7. The nurses comprehensive assessment of a patient includes inspection for signs of oral cancer. What assessment finding is most characteristic of oral cancer in its early stages? B) Presence of a painless sore with raised edges 8. A medical nurse who is caring for a patient being discharged home after a radical neck dissection has collaborated with the home health nurse to develop a plan of care for this patient. What is a priority psychosocial outcome for a patient who has had a radical neck dissection? A) Indicates acceptance of altered appearance and demonstrates positive self-image 9. A patient has been diagnosed with an esophageal diverticulum after undergoing diagnostic imaging. When taking the health history, the nurse should expect the patient to describe what sign or symptom? B) Regurgitation of undigested food 10. A nurse is caring for a patient who is acutely ill and has included vigilant oral care in the patients plan of care. Why are patients who are ill at increased risk for developing dental caries? D) Inadequate nutrition and decreased saliva production can cause cavities 11. A nurse who provides care in an ambulatory clinic integrates basic cancer screening into admission assessments. What patient most likely faces the highest immediate risk of oral cancer? A) A 65-year-old man with alcoholism who smokes 12. A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone neck resection with a radial forearm free flap. The nurses most recent assessment of the graft reveals that it has a bluish color and that mottling is visible. What is the nurses most appropriate action? B) Promptly report these indications of venous congestion. 13. A nurse is assessing a patient who has just been admitted to the postsurgical unit following surgical resection for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. What assessment should the nurse prioritize? C) Assess for a patent airway. 14. A patient has been diagnosed with achalasia based on his history and diagnostic imaging results. The nurse should identify what risk diagnosis when planning the patients care? A) Risk for Aspiration Related to Inhalation of Gastric Contents 15. A nurse is providing health promotion education to a patient diagnosed with an esophageal reflux disorder. What practice should the nurse encourage the patient to implement? C) Avoid carbonated drinks. 16. A staff educator is reviewing the causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with new staff nurses. What area of the GI tract should the educator identify as the cause of reduced pressure associated with GERD? B) Lower esophageal sphincter 17. A patient who has had a radical neck dissection is being prepared for discharge. The discharge plan includes referral to an outpatient rehabilitation center for physical therapy. What would the goals of physical therapy for this patient include? C) Promoting maximum shoulder function 18. A nurse is addressing the prevention of esophageal cancer in response to a question posed by a participant in a health promotion workshop. What action has the greatest potential to prevent esophageal cancer? C) Early diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease 19. An emergency department nurse is admitting a 3-year-old brought in after swallowing a piece from a wooden puzzle. The nurse should anticipate the administration of what medication in order to relax the esophagus to facilitate removal of the foreign body? D) Glucagon 20. A nurse in an oral surgery practice is working with a patient scheduled for removal of an abscessed tooth. When providing discharge education, the nurse should recommend which of the following actions? B) Use warm saline to rinse the mouth as needed. 21. A patient has been diagnosed with a malignancy of the oral cavity and is undergoing oncologic treatment. The oncologic nurse is aware that the prognosis for recovery from head and neck cancers is often poor because of what characteristic of these malignancies? D) Metastases are common and respond poorly to treatment. 22. A patient has undergone surgery for oral cancer and has just been extubated in postanesthetic recovery. What nursing action best promotes comfort and facilitates spontaneous breathing for this patient? B) Administering opioids as ordered 23. A nurse is performing health education with a patient who has a history of frequent, serious dental caries. When planning educational interventions, the nurse should identify a risk for what nursing diagnosis? D) Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements 24. A patient has undergone rigid fixation for the correction of a mandibular fracture suffered in a fight. What area of care should the nurse prioritize when planning this patients discharge education? C) Promotion of adequate nutrition 25. A radial graft is planned in the treatment of a patients oropharyngeal cancer. In order to ensure that the surgery will be successful, the care team must perform what assessment prior to surgery? D) Assessing the patency of the ulnar artery 26. A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative day 1 following neck dissection surgery. The nurse is performing an assessment of the patient and notes the presence of high-pitched adventitious sounds over the patients trachea on auscultation. The patients oxygen saturation is 90% by pulse oximetry with a respiratory rate of 31 breaths per minute. What is the nurses most appropriate action? D) Report this finding promptly to the physician and remain with the patient. 27. A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a rigid fixation of a mandibular fracture. When planning the discharge teaching for this patient, what would the nurse be sure to include? B) Avoiding chewing food for the specified number of weeks after surgery 28. A community health nurse serves a diverse population. What individual would likely face the highest risk for parotitis? C) An older adult whose medication regimen includes an anticholinergic 29. A nurse is providing care for a patient whose neck dissection surgery involved the use of a graft. When assessing the graft, the nurse should prioritize data related to what nursing diagnosis? D) Ineffective Tissue Perfusion 30. A patients neck dissection surgery resulted in damage to the patients superior laryngeal nerve. What area of assessment should the nurse consequently prioritize? A) The patients swallowing ability 31. A patient who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer is admitted to the critical care unit following postanesthetic recovery. Which of the following should be included in the patients immediate postoperative plan of care? C) Positioning the patient to prevent gastric reflux 32. A patient has received treatment for oral cancer. The combination of medications and radiotherapy has resulted in leukopenia. Which of the following is an appropriate response to this change in health status? A) Ensure that none of the patients visitors has an infection. 33. A nurse is caring for a patient who has had surgery for oral cancer. When addressing the patients long- term needs, the nurse should prioritize interventions and referrals with what goal? A) Enhancement of verbal communication 34. A patient with cancer of the tongue has had a radical neck dissection. What nursing assessment would be a priority for this patient? C) Respiratory status and airway clearance 35. A patient returns to the unit after a neck dissection. The surgeon placed a Jackson Pratt drain in the wound. When assessing the wound drainage over the first 24 postoperative hours the nurse would notify the physician immediately for what? B) 60 mL of milky or cloudy drainage 36. A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative from a neck dissection. What would be the most appropriate nursing action to enhance the patients appetite? A) Encourage the family to bring in the patients favored foods. 17. A patient is receiving education about his upcoming Billroth I procedure (gastroduodenostomy). This patient should be informed that he may experience which of the following adverse effects associated with this procedure? C) Diarrhea and feelings of fullness 18. A patient has experienced symptoms of dumping syndrome following bariatric surgery. To what physiologic phenomenon does the nurse attribute this syndrome? D) A sudden release of peptides 19. A patient comes to the bariatric clinic to obtain information about bariatric surgery. The nurse assesses the obese patient knowing that in addition to meeting the criterion of morbid obesity, a candidate for bariatric surgery must also demonstrate what? B) Adequate understanding of required lifestyle changes 20. A nurse is providing patient education for a patient with peptic ulcer disease secondary to chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. The patient has recently been prescribed misoprostol (Cytotec). What would the nurse be most accurate in informing the patient about the drug? C) It protects the stomachs lining 21. A nurse is providing anticipator guidance to a patient who is preparing for bariatric surgery. The nurse learns that the patient is anxious about numerous aspects of the surgery. What intervention is most appropriate to alleviate the patients anxiety? C) Facilitate the patients contact with a support group. 22. A patient has just been diagnosed with acute gastritis after presenting in distress to the emergency department with abdominal symptoms. What would be the nursing care most needed by the patient at this time? D) Providing the patient with physical and emotional support 23. A nurse is providing care for a patient who is postoperative day 2 following gastric surgery. The nurses assessment should be planned in light of the possibility of what potential complications? Select all that apply. A) Malignant hyperthermia B) Atelectasis C) Pneumonia D) Metabolic imbalances E) Chronic gastritis Ans: B, C, D 24. A patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for a tumor of the small intestine. What are the most likely symptoms that prompted the patient to first seek care? C) Intermittent pain and bloody stool 25. A patient is recovering in the hospital following gastrectomy. The nurse notes that the patient has become increasingly difficult to engage and has had several angry outbursts at various staff members in recent days. The nurses attempts at therapeutic dialogue have been rebuffed. What is the nurses most appropriate action? D) Make appropriate referrals to services that provide psychosocial support. 26. A patient has been admitted to the hospital after diagnostic imaging revealed the presence of a gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). What is the nurses priority intervention? B) Insertion of an NG tube for decompression 27. A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease has presented to the emergency department (ED) in distress. What assessment finding would lead the ED nurse to suspect that the patient has a perforated ulcer? B) The patient has a rigid, boardlike abdomen that is tender. 28. Diagnostic imaging and physical assessment have revealed that a patient with peptic ulcer disease has suffered a perforated ulcer. The nurse recognizes that emergency interventions must be performed as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of what complication? A) Peritonitis 29. A nurse is performing the admission assessment of a patient whose high body mass index (BMI) corresponds to class III obesity. In order to ensure empathic and patient-centered care, the nurse should do which of the following? A) Examine ones own attitudes towards obesity in general and the patient in particular. 30. A patient has been prescribed orlistat (Xenical) for the treatment of obesity. When providing relevant health education for this patient, the nurse should ensure the patient is aware of what potential adverse effect of treatment? B) Flatus with oily discharge 31. A patient who is obese has been unable to lose weight successfully using lifestyle modifications and has mentioned the possibility of using weight-loss medications. What should the nurse teach the patient about pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of obesity? C) Medications can be helpful, but few people achieve and maintain their desired weight loss with medications alone. 32. A patient has been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease and the nurse is reviewing his prescribed medication regimen with him. What is currently the most commonly used drug regimen for peptic ulcers? D) Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and bismuth salts 33. A patient who is obese is exploring bariatric surgery options and presented to a bariatric clinic for preliminary investigation. The nurse interviews the patient, analyzing and documenting the data. Which of the following nursing diagnoses may be a contraindication for bariatric surgery? B) Deficient Knowledge Related to Risks and Expectations of Surgery 34. A patient has recently received a diagnosis of gastric cancer; the nurse is aware of the importance of assessing the patients level of anxiety. Which of the following actions is most likely to accomplish this? B) The patient is encouraged to express fears openly. 35. A patient has received a diagnosis of gastric cancer and is awaiting a surgical date. During the preoperative period, the patient should adopt what dietary guidelines? A) Eat small, frequent meals with high calorie and vitamin content. 36. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of GI bleed. During shift assessment, the nurse finds the patient to betachycardic and hypotensive, and the patient has an episode of hematemesis while the nurse is in the room. In addition to monitoring the patients vital signs and level of conscious, what would be a priority nursing action for this patient? D) Notify the physician. 37. A nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic gastritis. What health promotion topic should the nurse emphasize? D) Strategies for avoiding irritating foods and beverages 38. A patient with gastritis required hospital treatment for an exacerbation of symptoms and receives a subsequent diagnosis of pernicious anemia due to malabsorption. When planning the patients continuing care in the home setting, what assessment question is most relevant? A) Does anyone in your family have experience at giving injections? 39. A nurse is presenting a class at a bariatric clinic about the different types of surgical procedures offered by the clinic. When describing the implications of different types of surgeries, the nurse should address which of the following topics? Select all that apply. A) Specific lifestyle changes associated with each procedure B) Implications of each procedure for eating habits C) Effects of different surgeries on bowel function D) Effects of various bariatric surgeries on fertility E) Effects of different surgeries on safety of future immunizations Ans: A, B, C 40. A patient has come to the clinic complaining of pain just above her umbilicus. When assessing the patient, the nurse notes Sister Mary Josephs nodules. The nurse should refer the patient to the primary care provider to be assessed for what health problem? A) A GI malignancy Chapter 2. Carbohydrates Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A nurse is leading a seminar with middle school students called “Overeating: How to Prevent Negative Effects on the Body.” Which statement indicates that teaching has been successful? 2. “My monosaccharide level is 8E. That’s normal!” 2. The nurse knows that the disaccharide maltose is found in which of the following foods? 1. Infant formulas 3. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with morbid obesity. Which carbohydrate most likely contributed to the client’s obesity? 3. Fructose 17. A nurse is reviewing the urine of a 45-year-old client with ketosis. What does the nurse expect to see in the client’s urine? Select all that apply. 1. Acetone 2. Diacetic acid 18. Which is an accurate characteristic of sugar alcohols? Select all that apply. 1. They do not promote tooth decay. 2. They have a cooling effect on tongue. 3. They have a laxative effect. 19. Which types of complex carbohydrates are of nutritional importance? Select all that apply. 1. Starch 2. Glycogen 3. Fiber 20. Diets high in fats and sugars are found to cause which type of neurological problems? Select all that apply. 1. Cognition impairment 2. Mood impairment 3. Appetite dysregulation Chapter 3. Fats Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A nurse is leading a seminar with middle school students on healthy food choices. The nurse teaches that fats are: 2. A major source of fuel for the body. 2. A nurse knows that the energy requirements of fats are measured in kilocalories and compare to carbohydrates in which of the following ways? 1. Fats have a greater potential for release of energy. 3. A nurse is caring for a client with Crohn disease. The nurse notes that the health-care provider has ordered the addition of omega-3 fatty acids to the diet. The nurse suspects the health-care provider ordered these fatty-acids to help this client minimize which process from this diagnosis? 3. Inflammation 4. Which is the main focus of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines? 1. A healthy eating pattern that limits saturated fats to decrease cholesterol 5. Which statement made by the client about cholesterol is concerning? 2. “We often eat out at least 5 days a week.” 6. In order to make suitable recommendations about nutritional status, which criteria must a nurse gather during assessment from a client diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD)? 1. Cholesterol level 7. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed as overweight. Which question asked during nutritional assessment is most appropriate for the nurse to ask? 2. “Do you feel satisfied when you eat?” 8. A nurse is caring for a client admitted to the emergency department (ED). When the nurse learns that the client has a slow healing wound, which deficiency does the nurse suspect? 4. Omega-6 9. When taking caring for a client with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a nurse knows that there is a 90-fold increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) mortality if this genetic disorder is left untreated. Which treatment does the nurse suspect the health-care provider will order to help reduce ASCVD mortality? 3. Atorvastatin 10. When caring for a 3-year-old pediatric client that is slightly overweight, a nurse knows that there is an associated risk of developing a chronic disease if there is no intervention. Which does the nurse teach the client’s parents is an acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) of fats for children? 3. An AMDR of 30% to 40% 11. A nurse is reviewing polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid guidelines from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 and the American Heart Association with a client diagnosed with obesity. What food does the nurse expect the client to incorporate into the diet if teaching is successful? 2. Nuts Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 12. A nurse is caring for a pediatric client diagnosed with morbid obesity. When teaching the client, which elements should the nurse note comprise both fats and carbohydrates? Select all that apply. 1. Carbon 2. Nitrogen 3. Hydrogen 4. Glucose 5. Oxygen 13. When discharging a 25-year-old obese client diagnosed with diabetes, a nurse teaches the client which characteristics of saturated fats? Select all that apply. 1. Solid at room temperature 2. Become rancid slowly. 3. Long shelf life 4. Liquid at room temperature 5. Become rancid quickly. 14. A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes. The client is being discharged, so the nurse is teaching the client about appropriate diets. Teaching is successful if the client recognizes which products as being not generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA? Select all that apply. 1. Crackers 2. Frozen waffles 3. Hard margarines 4. Microwave popcorn 5. Coconut butter 15. A nurse knows that teaching is successful when the client learning about trans-fatty acids states which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. “In June 2018, the FDA is stopping manufacturers from using trans-fats in foods.” 2. “Trans-fats are generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration.” 3. “Trans-fats are detrimental to our health. I have to stop eating fast food!” 4. “Plant-based oils do not have significant amounts of trans-fat, just saturated fats.” 5. “All spreadable margarines are considered hydrogenated and, therefore, trans- fats.” 16. Based on the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine (2005), which fat Recommended Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for macronutrients would a nurse manager follow for adults? Select all that apply. 1. DRI of 23% of kilocalories from fat 2. 10% of fats from total calories eaten 3. 45% to 65% of calories from fat 4. DRI of 130 grams of fat 5. DRI of 30% calories from fat 17. A nurse is teaching a group of clients about food recommendations for fat. Which recommendations or guidelines are from the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council? Select all that apply. 12. A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed as being slightly overweight with prediabetes about the importance of a healthy diet. What does the nurse identify as important about proteins in the diet? 4. “There are 23 amino acids that are important to metabolism in the body.” 13. A nurse is taking care of a client that suffered major burns in a house fire. Which test from the laboratory is the nurse concerned with that will help maintain blood volume and pressure? 1. Albumin Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 14. When discharging a client who had gastric-bypass surgery, a nurse makes sure to include which food sources in the client’s discharge planning about complete proteins? Select all that apply. 1. Chicken 2. Milk 3. Cheese 4. Nuts 5. Beans 15. Which food sources are considered incomplete proteins? Select all that apply. 1. Eggs 2. Beans 3. Nuts 4. Fish 5. Cheese 16. A nurse received a report from the gastrointestinal (GI) department and is waiting to admit a client diagnosed with lactose intolerance. The client wants to become a vegetarian. In teaching about plant- based proteins, which should the nurse note are the missing amino acids in legumes? Select all that apply. 1. Methionine 2. Cysteine 3. Lysine 4. Actin 5. Myosin 17. Which commonly consumed legumes are important protein sources? Select all that apply. 1. Peanuts 2. Lentils 3. Peas 4. Beans 5. Walnuts 18. Which component of protein maintenance has important implications for circulation within the body? Select all that apply. 1. Wound healing 2. Cell replacement 3. Albumin transport 4. Catabolism 5. Anabolism 19. Which recommendations about the principle of complementation does a nurse suggest to the client diagnosed with obesity? Select all that apply. 1. Every meal contains a combination of plant foods. 2. Adults can consume a variety of plant proteins. 3. All legumes are important protein sources. 4. Most nuts are low in fiber and high in fat. 5. Use journals to chart response to each meal. 20. A nurse is reviewing dietary intake with a 45-year-old client who has just been diagnosed with diabetes. Which component is the nurse expected to discuss? Select all that apply. 1. Fat and protein are alternative sources of energy for glucose. 2. The brain is the most energy-demanding organ in the body. 3. The body utilizes body protein when carbohydrates are insufficient. 4. Adequate fat intake is necessary to spare protein contribution for cells. 5. Sufficient fat intake spares the consequence of muscle loss from diabetes. Chapter 6. Vitamins Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which statement explains the nature of vitamins? 3. Vitamins are organic substances needed by the body for metabolism, growth, and maintenance. 2. A nurse teaches a client that the functions of vitamins are specific. Which statement by the client indicates that further teaching is necessary? o take 3. A nurse is teaching clients about healthy diets. During the processing of foods, which type of vitamins are retained? 3. Fat-soluble vitamins 4. A nurse is teaching a client about healthy living and obtaining adequate nutrition and energy from one’s diet. Which statement by the client shows the teaching has been understood? rces.” 5. Which statement about dietary reference intakes indicates that more teaching is necessary? 2. “The recommended amounts of vitamins are the same for every individual.” 6. A nurse is working with a nutritionist regarding the amounts of recommended vitamins for a client that had a gastric bypass. In addition to physiological status, which criteria will help make the correct dietary decision for this client? 1. Age 7. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency. Which does the nurse suspect is the reason for the client’s deficiency? 2. Chronic cirrhosis 8. A nurse is teaching clients in a clinic about vitamin deficiencies. Which disorders does the nurse teach the clients has been associated with vitamin A deficiency? 2. Rheumatoid arthritis 9. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with GERD and malabsorption issues. However, the nurse notes that according to the client’s laboratory work, thiamin levels are adequate. Which process does the nurse suspect as the reason? 1. Enrichment of food products 10. A clinic nurse in Vietnam is teaching clients at-risk for night blindness about the prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Which strategy, besides nutritional education, helps prevent vitamin A deficiency? 3. Food fortification 11. A nurse is caring for a pediatric client who was brought to the hospital due to yellowing of the skin and palms. Upon further assessment, the nurse notes that the client’s sclera are not yellow. Which process does the nurse suspect? 1. Carotenemia 1. “Vitamin C prevents scurvy, which affects bones. Vitamin D does too, so it’s okay t vitamin D if my vitamin C intake is too low.” 1. “Water-soluble vitamins are unstable, and none of the vitamins are energy sou 2. A nurse teaches a client that most functions of minerals in the body are specific to regulatory and metabolic processes. Which statement by the client indicates teaching has been successful? 2. “Potassium and phosphorus are significant in maintaining my acid–base balance.” 3. What is the daily intake requirement for a major mineral? 4. 1/50 teaspoonful 4. A nurse is teaching clients about healthy living and the contributions of minerals to the growth and maintenance of the body’s health. Which statement by the clients shows an understanding of the importance of minerals in the body? dy’s 5. Which statement made to a nurse about how calcium is used by the human body indicates that more teaching is necessary? 2. “Calcium acts like vitamin K in causing clots.” 6. A nurse is working with a nutritionist regarding fortified sources of calcium. Which source would be essential for a client with nerve conduction issues? 3. Orange juice 7. The emergency department calls a nurse in preparation for a client suffering from anemia. Which complaints does the nurse suspect the client will have? 1. Soreness of the mouth and tongue 8. Which are associated with both mineral deficiencies and toxicities? 4. Copper in Menkes and Wilson diseases 9. When caring for a new client, a nurse notes that laboratory work indicates phosphorus levels are high. Which does the nurse recognize as a potential cause of this elevation? 1. Dehydration 10. Which disease process is caused by a deficiency of selenium? 3. Cardiomyopathy 11. A nurse is caring for a client who has to be fed via gastric tube. Which neurological abnormalities from nutritional deficiency should the nurse watch for as the client is receiving long-term parenteral nutrition? 1. Coma 12. A nurse is teaching a class to parents about child exposure to toxic substances. Which is the most important implementation the nurse teaches the parents? 4. Seek immediate medical attention if ingested 13. Which mineral helped iodine deficiencies become uncommon in North America? 1. “Even though we have less than a teaspoon of trace minerals, they are vital to the bo functioning.” 3. Sodium Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 14. Which substances form the hard substances of bones and teeth? Select all that apply. 1. Potassium 2. Phosphorus 3. Calcium 4. Vitamin D 5. Chloride 15. Which of the following are commonly recognized for their relationship to health? Select all that apply. 1. Iron 2. Zinc 3. Iodine 4. Copper 5. Fluoride 16. A nurse provides teaching to the client diagnosed with a calcium deficiency. Which conditions does the client likely have? Select all that apply. 1. Osteoporosis 2. Hypercalemia 3. Tetany 4. Milk-alkali syndrome 5. Trousseau sign 17. A nurse received a report from the gastrointestinal department and is waiting to admit a client with hypocalcemia due to malabsorption who is being treated for a broken wrist. Which calcium- related food does the nurse suggest? Select all that apply. 1. Broccoli 2. Kale 3. Salmon 4. Soybeans 5. Coffee 18. A nurse is teaching the client diagnosed with an iron deficiency. Which foods should the nurse encourage the client to incorporate into their diet? Select all that apply. 1. Cereal 2. Oysters 3. Spinach 4. Eggs 5. Nuts 19. Which minerals contribute to nerve and muscle function? Select all that apply. 1. Selenium 2. Calcium 3. Copper 4. Potassium 5. Sodium 20. A nurse is caring for a client with iron overload. Which would the nurse expect to see in the client’s medical history? Select all that apply. 1. Alcoholism 2. Iron supplementation 3. Consuming acidic foods 4. Too much meat ingestion 5. Too much water ingestion Chapter 8. Water Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A nurse knows that babies are born with about 78% water. Which of the following is true at 1 year of age? 4. Water percentage drops to 65% 2. A nurse is teaching clients about fluid and balance distribution in the body. Which statements by the clients indicate teaching is successful? 1. “About 80% of water needs come from fluid and 20% from foods.” 3. A nurse is teaching clients about the importance of water balance. Which statement by the clients shows an understanding of maintaining daily hydration? 1. “The proper amount of water required each day is difficult to determine.” 4. A nurse is taking care of a client diagnosed with dehydration. The client states, “I was fine until I worked out in the yard for a few hours.” What does the nurse suspect happened?