Nutrition Proctored Review Study Guide Exam, Exams of Nursing

Download Nutrition Proctored Review Study Guide Exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + ATI Nutrition Proctored Part 1: General Notes Part 2: Focused Review Notes Part 3: ATI Rational with Additional/Supported Information PART 1: GENERAL NOTES (Important Facts) Vitamin B12 is for pernicious anemia Ferrous sulfate for iron deficiency 18.5-24.9 bmi is healthy weight Below 18.5 BMI is underweight 25-29.9 is overweight 30 BMI or greater is obese rangea 10-20 is normal BUN level <200 is ok for blood glucose Celiac disease remove any gluten from diet, wheat rye and nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + barley Pregnant woman increase iron to be able to promote RBC growth to fetus Stomatitis you want to avoid spicy, acidic foods and salty foods • Be wary of questions regarding children drinking too much milk i.e. more than 3- 4 cups of milk each day. Too much milk intake reduces intake of other essential nutrients, especially iron. Watch for anemia with milk-aholics. • Vitamin D’s presence is required by the parathyroid gland, in order for it to function. • If the patient is taking digoxin or K-supplements, avoid salt substitutes because many are potassium based • Potassium Sources: bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits • No milk (as well as fresh fruit or veggies) on neutropenic precautions. • Nondairy sources of calcium include RHUBARB, SARDINES, COLLARD GREENS 24 • Nonfat milk reduces reflux by increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure • Yogurt has live cultures, so do not give to immunosuppressed patients nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + hydration. • If patient’s gastric volume exceeds 500ml, the continuous feeding should be HELD and tolerance reassessed. o In children, residual volumes should be measured and held if the amount is equal to or greater than ¼ the prescribed feeding amount. • Residual should be returned and the amount rechecked in 30min to 1hr. Recommendations for Nutritional Supplement • Add skim milk to powder milk (double strength milk) • Use whole milk instead of water recipes • Add cheese, peanut butter, chopped hard-boiled eggs, yogurt. • Dip meats in eggs or milk and coat with bread crumbs before cooking. • Nuts and dried beans are significant sources of protein  great alternatives to dairy allergy or lactose intolerance! Assessing Caloric Intake • Toddlers: 1 to 3 years old o Limit 100% juice 4 to 6oz a day o The 1 to 2-year-old requires whole cow’s milk to provide adequate fat. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + o Food serving size is 1 tablespoon for each year of age. • Preschoolers: 3 to 6 years old o Preschoolers need 13 to 19 g/day of complete protein. o 1 tablespoon per year of age for size of foods. o May switch to skin or 1% low-fat milk after 2 years. • School-Age Children: 6 to 12 years old o Weight loss program is directed for children 40% overweight. • Adolescence o Energy requirements average 2,000 calorie/day for a 12 to 18-year- old female. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + o Energy requirements average 2,200 to 2,800 calorie/day for a 12 to 18-year- old male. o Average U.S. adolescent consumes a diet deficient in folate, vitamin A and E, iron, zinc, mag, calcium, and fiber. • Adulthood and older adulthood o Need a balanced diet that consists of 40% to 55% carbs, and 10- 20% fat (with no more than 30% fat). o A 24 hr dietary intake is helpful in determining the need for dietary education. - Use whole grains, select orange and dark green leafy vegetables, avoid fruits with added sugar (make half your plate vegetables and fruits), use vegetable oils, 132-362 discretionary calories are permitted per day. MEN CALORIE INTAKE WOMEN CALORIE INTAKE 19 to 30 years old: 2,400 calories 19 to 30 years old: 2,000 calories 31 to 50 years old: 2,200 calories 31 to 50 years old: 1,800 calories 51+ years old: 2,000 calories 51+ years old: 1,600 calories nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + Menu Choices for Preventing Aspiration • Encourage small bites and thorough chewing. • Pills should be taken with at least 8oz of fluid (can be thickened). • Avoid thin liquids and sticky foods. Interventions for Diarrhea Caused by Radiation Therapy • Ensure adequate intake of liquids to replace losses. • Avoid foods that exacerbate diarrhea (foods high in roughage) • Consume foods high in pectin to increase bulk of the stool. • Limit caffeine, hot or cold drinks, and fatty foods. Evaluating Teaching about Complete Proteins • Complete proteins are from animal sources and soy • They contain sufficient amounts of all 9 amino acids. Folate Intake During Pregnancy • Helps prevent neural tube defects in utero (Folic acid is the synthetic form). • Deficiency causes spina bifida, anencephaly. • Take 400-800 mcg a day (According to the internet, does not say anywhere in ATI) nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + Food Choices for a Client Who Practices Orthodox Judaism • Special food preparations (kosher kitchens) NO MEAT AND MILK TOGETHER • Guidelines state that animal slaughter must be “humane” and do not waste meat. • They avoid all pork and shellfish products. Heme Sources of Iron • Meat • Fish • Poultry Appropriate Food Choices for a Toddler • Prefer finger foods due to autonomy • Prefer plain foods rather than mixture foods, but usually like macaroni, spaghetti, and pizza. Teaching a Client Who Has Dumping Syndrome • Recommend small, frequent meals. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Eliminate simple sugars and alcohol from diet • Recommend protein and fat at each meal. • Avoid concentrated sugar and restrict lactose intake. • Suggest that the client consume liquids 1 hour before or after eating instead of during meals (dry diet). • Instruct patient to lie down for 20-30min after meals to delay gastric emptying. If reflux is an issue, suggest a recliner. • Monitor for deficits in iron and vitaminB12. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • TPN can be used until oral intake is resumed. • Low fat, high protein, and high carbohydrate diet is prescribed. • Includes supplements of Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins. Providing a Culturally Sensitive and Sodium-Restricted Meal • African American o Encourage frying lightly with canola/olive oils o Encourage fruit and veggies and decrease meat. o Suggest dark green leafy vegetables and low-fat cheeses as calcium sources. o Associate “good health” with better food choices and portion control. o Suggest unhealthy food only on special occasions. • Asian American nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + o Encourage continued use of plant-based diet and food preparation as generations take on “American Foods” o Moderate salt intake o Limit sugar-laden foods. Indications of Fluid Volume Deficit • Tachycardia • Weak, thready pulse • Hypotension • Orthostatic hypotension • Tachypneic • Hyperthermia • Decrease central venous pressure Providing Dietary Guidelines for Client with Cystic Fibrosis • Well balanced diet that is high in protein • 3 meals a day Diabetes Mellitus nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Managing Acute Illness o Still continue to take medications o Contact doctor if unable to keep food/fluids down; o Monitor glucose q4hrs o Stay hydrated!!! Calculating Appropriate Fat Calories Intake • Approx. 20% to 35% of total calories should come from fat • Less than 10% should come from saturated fat sources. Body Stress Response Teaching • Stress causes protein catabolism • Stress causes increase in blood glucose • & increased metabolism • Eat foods high in protein • Avoid the things that are stressing you! Duh GERD Dietary Recommendations • Avoid known trigger foods nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Growth should be in 1 inch a month for proper development. Identifying Low-Phosphorus Foods • Beef • Chicken • Seafood • Turkey • Noodles • Eggs • Rice • Macaroni • Soy/almond milk • AVOID BREADED MEATS AND MOST DAIRY! Heart Healthy Diet • Low fat/cholesterol diet • Cholesterol should be less than 200mg/daily • Sodium should be less than 2,300 daily • Increase fiber, carbs, omega 3, folate, and vitamins B 6 & 12. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Limited saturated fats, fried foods, butter, salt, and alcohol consumption. • Increase mono-saturated fats and soluble fiber. Needs based on BMI • Low fat diet, increase water intake, and exercise. • BMI under 24.5 is best • BMI is calculated based on Weight in Kg/Ht (M2) Preventing Cancer nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Consume 14g/1,000 cal/daily • Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables (vitamin C and A) • Whole grains rather than refined grains • Avoid smoked, pickled, and nitrate meats • Consume polyunsaturated and mono-saturated fats • Limit alcohol PART 3: ATI Nutrition Online Practice A Rationales Controlling Hypertension • Eat a diet rich in nonfat or low-fat dairy products (avoid whole milk) • Eat a diet rich in potassium • Consume 4-5 servings of unsalted nuts, seeds, or legumes per week for a heart healthy diet. • Drink alcohol in moderation (1 drink or less per day) nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Keep hot cooked food at a temp greater than 60C or 140F Laboratory results for a patient on TPN • Prealbumin levels is a sensitive indicator for nutritional status. Level of 30 mg/dl is within the expected range. • 16 to 40 in within expected range for prealbumin (according to internet, cannot find on ati, probs in med surg book) • Cholesterol, hemoglobin, and calcium are not indicative of TPN being effective. • WILL ADD WHAT LABS ARE EFFECTIVE FOR TPN Laboratory results for a patient with Type 2 Diabetes • HbA1c level of less than 7% indicates effectiveness in client with Diabetes Dietary teaching to client with COPD • Consume foods that are soft in texture and easy to chew. • Add gravy and sauces to prevent dry mouth • Drink HIGH-protein, HIGH-calorie formulas between meals • Eat 6 small meals a day (no large meals) ati nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Eat Cold foods rather than hot Breastfeeding for a newborn • Breast milk is nutritionally complete for an infant up to 6 months of age. It will support growth and development. • Introduce cow’s milk AFTER the age of 1 years old. • You do not need supplemental water to provide an adequate fluid intake. Both breast milk and formula provide an adequate water-to-calorie ratio to meet needs. • Iron-fortified infant formula IS an acceptable substitute for or supplement to breastfeeding. Dietary teaching for a 3-year-old • Do not give peanut butter – it is sticky + large, also a choking hazard. Spread the PB if you want to give it to the child. • Do not give whole grapes. Cut into smaller pieces that are the size of a nickel. • Popcorn or hard pretzels are withheld until 4-years-old. • Whole milk is necessary for neuro development for kids up to 2 years old. • When kids are older than 2, switch to low-fat or skim milk. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome • Do not take fruits high in fructose, such as pears. Can increase manifestations IBS. • Increase probiotics. • Take peppermint oil during exacerbation of manifestations; it relaxes the smooth muscle in the GI tract and decreases manifestations. • Choice on ati was substitute white sugar with honey. That is incorrect as honey is high in fructose and difficult to absorb. White sugar contains glucose which is easy to absorb and would’ve help the absorption of fructose. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + 1. Place in fowler’s position 2. Verify tube placement 3. Check the residual 4. Flush tubing with 30ml water • Discard opened cans of formula withing 24 hours to decrease bacterial contamination. • Warm the formula to room temp. • Feed the client in small, frequent volumes • High calorie formula for diarrhea. Somogyi phenomenon • Monitor blood glucose levels during the night. (Somogyi is fasty hyperglycemia that occurs in the morning in response to hypoglycemia during the nighttime). nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + Minerals and side effects • Calcium can lead to constipation by decreasing peristalsis • Excessive magnesium can cause diarrhea and cramping. • Excessive Potassium can cause vomiting. • Excessive phosphorus does no cause constipation. Dumping syndrome • Avoid simple sugars and sugar alcohols which make food mass more hypertonic which causes a greater fluid shift. • Instruct to lie down. • Eat small frequent meals to slow gastric emptying. • Select grains with less than 2g fiber per serving. Losing weight meal plan • Do not taste foods while cooking to avoid overeating. • Control your portion sizes rather than restricting certain foods to prevent cravings. • Make a list before going shopping because it will help adhere to meal planning and prevent impulse buying. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+ study guide exam latest update graded A nutrition proctored review + • Eat 3 to 5 meals a day to prevent hunger and overeating. Acute pancreatitis labs expectations • Decreased serum calcium • Increased serum bilirubin • Increased serum glucose • Increased serum alkaline phosphatase Cardiovascular disease dietary teaching • Increase dietary potassium to reduce hypertension. • Increase your dietary fiber intake. • Decrease intake of trans fatty acids to reduce risk of cardio. • Eat 2 or more 3.5-oz servings or fatty fish per week to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Wound healing labs • A Hgb below expected reference range can impair wound healing. (ranges are 14 to 18 for men and 12 to 16 for women.) • Serum albumin is 3.5 to 5 so anything less can impair wound healing. nutrition proctored review study guide exam latest update graded A+