Nutrition- Proteins and Amino acids Study GUIDE, Exams of Nursing

Download Nutrition- Proteins and Amino acids Study GUIDE and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Nutrition- Proteins and Amino acids. what is the chemical structure of a protein? - ANS Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in addition it has a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom is what makes up the amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. What is an essential amino acid? - ANS An amino acid that the body cannot produce in sufficient amounts, or at all. What is a non-essential amino acid/ - ANS An amino acid that the body can synthesize in sufficient amounts without getting it from food. What are the functions of proteins in the body? - ANS Acid-Base balance- act as buffers Form antibodies Provide netting for blood clots Provide energy Enzymes help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance Growth and maintenance Hormones Transportation- lipids, minerals, oxygen Vision- proteins called opsins are important for colour and night vision. What determines protein quality? - ANS Digestibility Essential amino acid quantities relative to human needs What are examples of complete proteins? - ANS Egg white Skim Milk Ground beef Chicken Tuna What is deamination? - ANS Removal of an amino group from an amino acid What is Urea? - ANS principle nitrogen-excretion product of protein metabolism; generated by removal of amine groups or unneeded amino groups from amino acid being sacrificed for energy. Why is protein shape important? - ANS Different shapes of protein allow them to fulfill different roles in the body. Globular shape- water soluble- blood proteins Hollow shape- transport Long and thin- joint stability cohesion of cells What does it mean when a protein is denatured? - ANS Heat, alcohol, acids, bases, or salts of heavy metals distort its shape; can lead to destruction. In digestion, denaturation of a protein is beneficial to the body, allowing it to dismantle the protein. How is protein used for energy? - ANS Amine groups are stripped off, leaving a carbon skeleton similar to that of a carbohydrate or fat molecule. What is the protein recommendation for an adult? - ANS 0.8 g/kg/day What happens when an essential amino acid is missing? - ANS Cells being to conserve it by limiting breakdown of their working proteins and reducing their use of amino acids for fuel What is a limiting amino acid - ANS Essential amino acid present in dietary protein in insufficient amount, limiting the body's ability to build protein. What are examples of positive nitrogen balance? - ANS growing child person building muscle pregnant women What are examples of nitrogen equilibrium? - ANS Healthy college student Young retiree What are examples of negative nitrogen balance? - ANS Astronaut Surgery patient What is protein-energy malnutrition? - ANS Most widespread form of malnutrition, a deficiency in both protein intake and energy. What are the two diseases caused by PEM? - ANS Marasmus Kwashiorkor What is Marasmus? - ANS Calorie deficiency disease; stravation What is Kwashiorkor? - ANS Disease related to protein malnutrition, symptoms- edema What is edema? - ANS Swelling of body tissue due to a leakage of fluid from blood vessles What are the concerns with excess protein intake? - ANS Increased risk of chronic diseases Health risks for the heart Weakened kidneys Weakened bones Obesity