Nutrition 100 Study Guide: Understanding Food and Health, Study notes of Nutrition

Download Nutrition 100 Study Guide: Understanding Food and Health and more Study notes Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! NUTRITION 100 STUDY GUIDE FALL 3M» /f %? What La the portal blood system? What is its significance in nutrition? What are "partitioned foods? What do we mean when we say foods are of "high nutrient density" or of "low nutrient density"? What substances yield energy when metabolized by our cells? How many calories does each provide? What are Recommended Dietary Allowances? How do they differ from "requirements"? What: does an intake less than 100% of the RDA imply in terms of your health? What are the Americein Heart Association guidelines for a healthy diet? How does the average American diet differ from these guidelines? What nutrients are provided by a serving of food from each of the Exchange Lists? Which Exchange Lists are represented in a regular hamburger? A cheeseburger? With fries? A pizza with olives and green peppers? An Egg McMuffin? A peanut tutter sandwich? Bagels and cream cheese? A cheese omelet? What nutrients or components of food are found ONLY in foods that come from animals? Which are ONLY in foods that come from plants? What is meant by the term "simple carbohydrates"? the term "complex carbohydrates"? How do starches differ from fiber? Be able to recognize the various terms that mean "sugar" (p. 98). What is "glycogen"? What are the 2 types of fiber? How do they differ in their effects on or in our body? How does your intake of each relate to your risk for: heart disease? cancer? problems with the bowels? What is lactose intolerance? What nutrition problems might it cause? What can be done to avoid theise nutrient deficiencies? In what form is carbohydrate found in our blood? What is diabetes? hyperglycemia? hypoglycemia? In what way is the pancreas important, with regard to blood sugar levels? ' List the sugar substitutes in use today in the U.S. What is the chemical name for "fat"? What are the important functions of fats? What is the essential fatty acid? What eating behaviors can cause ketosis? What is happening on the bio-chemical level in ketosis? What are the types of fats? What type of fat is found in fish oils? How does dietary intake of each relate to one's risk for cardio-vascular disease? What are foods that are very high in each type of fat? What are the LATEST recommendations regarding how much of each we should consume? What is cholesterol? How does it differ from fat in structure, functions in our body, calories content and food sources? What are "lipoproteins"? LDLs? HDLs? What is the significance of each, with regard to risk for cardio-vascular disease? What are the 3 MAJOR risk factors for heart disease? How much protein does a healthy adult need? What is the maximum suggested protein intake? How do proteins from animal-derived foods differ from plant-derived protein? How can vegetarians avoid protein deficiency? What can happen to the body if one has a very high protein intake? What result(s) of a high protein intake may be of concern to athletes? How does protein intake relate to fluid requirement? Know the NAMES of the vitamins. Which are the most potentially toxic vitamins? What damage results from an excessive intake of each? Which vitamins are NOT known to produce ANY undesirable side effects when taken in large doses? SPECIFIC VITAMINS: -What is beta carotene? Why is it of interest currently? -What is the only known function of vitamin E? -What happens in a vitamin K deficiency? Might this be of concern to anybody in our population? -Which vitamins are added to white flour, to "enrich" it? -Which food contain vitamin B12? Which do NOT? -What is the RDA for vitamin C? How much vitamin C does it take to saturate the body? What are symptoms of dehydration? What organs regulate the balance of water (intake and losses) in our bodies? How does alcohol intake impact on this regulatory system? How can some desert animals survive without drinking water? MINERALS: -How does calcium adequacy relate to vitamin D status? -In addition to calcium, which minerals are of great importance in preventing osteoporosis? -What are the best food sources of well-absorbed calcium? What dietary factors and lifestyle ha.bits can INCREASE calcium absorption and retention? Which can DECREASE calcium absorption and retention? -What is the relationship of sodium intake and potassium intake to risk for hypertension? What foods are high in sodium? What groups of foods are high in potassium? -What is the mai.n function of iodine? What is the result of iodine deficiency in adults? -What seems to be the main function(s) of fluorine? -What is the interaction between copper and iron? What influence does zinc have? -What are the 2 types of iron in our food? How do they differ with regard to: food sources, riite of absorption? What nutrients or components of food influence iron eibsorption? What can happen in iron over-load?