NYS EMT-B STATE EXAM-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified.docx, Exams of Advanced Education

Download NYS EMT-B STATE EXAM-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified.docx and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! NYS EMT-B STATE EXAM-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified Written out-of-hospital DNR OR MOLST FORM An EMS Provider responds to a call and finds an 8- yr old female with no pulse or respirations. The patient has a history of terminal brain cancer. The family states the last time she as seen alive was 5 mins prior to EMS being called. They also state patient has a DNR oder. In NYS, EMS personnel may accept which of the following DNR instruments as valid? Verbal request from family A. Written non-hospital B. DNR or MOLST form C. Written healthcare proxy D. Written living will D. unconscious Implied Consent exists when a patient is suffering from a life-threatening injury or illness and is: a. Under police custody b. A threat to himself and others c. Under age of 18 d. Unconscious D. Proximal The opposite of distal is a. Superior b. Medial c. Lateral d. Proximal B. LEFT VENTRICLE The chamber of the heart that is most muscular and that pumps the most blood into the aorta is the a. Right atrium b. Left ventricle c. Right ventricle d. Left atrium cervical (7), thoracic (5), lumbar (12), sacral (5), and coccygeal (4) In correct sequence (VERTEBRAE SECTIONS) and number in each section A. establish a baseline for additional evaluations The purpose of the first set of vital signs is to: 3 spots PCR has how many spots for writing vital signs? A. counting the pressure waves of blood that the heart sends through an artery When you take the pulse of a patient, you are really a. Counting pressure waves of blood that the heart sends through an artery b. Feeling the swelling of the vein as each wave of blood passes back to the heart c. Noting the heartbeats in the column of blood in a large vein d. Feeling the vibrations of the heart muscles as they push the blood through ventilation- the simple movement of air into and out of the lungs respiration- the exchange of gases between the lungs, the blood, and the tissues of the body ventilation vs respiration 15 seconds Unless additional suctioning time is necessary to clear the airway, an adult patient should be suctioned for NO LONGER THAN A. 5 sec B. 10 sec C. 15 sec D. 20 sec B. Pocket mask with Oxygen because you can maintain a better seal During single-rescuer CPR, which of the following ventilation devices would be MOST effective for ventilating a patient A. NRB B. Pocket mask w/ oxygen C. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) D. BVM w/o oxygen B. 3-5 seconds While performing ventilations on an infant or child in respiratory arrest, you should ventilate every A. 5-6 seconds B. 3-5 seconds C. 1-2 seconds a. Posterior pharyngeal wall The oropharyngeal airway will help keep the tongue away from the a. Posterior pharyngeal wall b. Nasal passage c. Epiglottis d. Posterior larynx D. Nasal cannula Used specifically for someone not in respiratory distress and prescribed O2 from doctor You are called to the home of a patient who is on physician prescribed low- concentration oxygen and who is NOT in acute respiratory distress. Which type of oxygen delivery device should you use during transport? A. NRB B. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) C. BVM w/ supplemental oxygen D. Nasal cannula C. Spinal injuries An EMS provider is treating a patient who has a head injury resulting from a blow by a baseball bat. What other problem are likely to be present? A. Hypothermia B. Hypertensive shock due to blood loss C. Spinal injuries D. Lung collapse Airway problem biggest risk for someone with a massive injury is? A. carbon dioxide - normal stimulus to breathe: HIGH CO2 In a HEALTHY person, respiration is controlled by level A. carbon dioxide B. blood sugar C. oxygen D. carbon monoxide Low O2 levels called hypoxic breathing In patients with COPD respiration is controlled by? A. Respiration, Pulse, Bleeding In conducting the Primary Assessment of a conscious patient, the EMS provider must attend to the patient's emergency needs in the order of: A. Respiration, Pulse, Bleeding B. Pulse, Bleeding, Respiration C. Pulse, Respiration, Bleeding D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway When spinal injuries are suspected, the EMS provider should FIRST A hyperextend the neck to secure the airway B determine the extent of the paralysis C apply an extrication collar D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway A. Use of a BVM w/ supp. oxygen For a trauma victim w/ a respiratory rate of 40/min, shallow and irregular, who is pale and has a history of emphysema, the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment would be to: a. use of a bvm w/ supp oxygen b. administer low-conc oxygen b/c of emphysema history c. administer supp oxygen w/ a high-conc mask d. transport the patient sitting up to ease the patient's dyspnea b. palpate the carotid pulse If the EMS provider is unable to find a patient's peripheral pulse during a Primary Assessment, next step should be to: a. turn on the AED b. palpate the carotid pulse c. open the airway and insert an OPA d. check breathing and begin CPR d. lift the airbag and check underneath for damage While assessing the MOI of a motor vehicle crash, an EMS provider finds that the airbag has been deployed: The EMS provider should: a. decontaminate the patient b. remove the airbag c. disconnect the battery d. lift the airbag and check underneath for damage D. provide life-saving interventions If life threatening conditions are identified during the focused history and physical exam, the EMT should immediately: a. repeat the Primary Assessment b. take vital signs c. begin transportation efforts d. provide life-saving interventions d. neither the nose nor mouth must be sealed off Which one of the following instructions applies to the performance of mask-to-stoma ventilation on a person who has had a COMPLETE laryngectomy? a. the nose and mouth must be manually sealed off b. perform Head tilt neck lift maneuver to open the airway c. the nose must be sealed off d. neither the nose nor mouth must be sealed off COMPLETE: stoma down to lungs, DONT SEAL NOSE OR MOUTH INCOMPLETE: seal mouth and nose Treating for a complete stoma vs incomplete stoma 15 minutes When a patient is stable, EMS provider should repeat the ongoing assessment every b) repeat the primary assessment In performing an ongoing assessment on a 10-yr old pedestrian struck by a MV, the EMS provider's first step is to, a) recheck vital signs b) repeat the primary assessment c) check the interventions d) repeat a rapid assessment A) part of patient's hospital chart The pre-hospital care report PCR is considered to be a) part of patient's hospital chart b) matter of public record c) inadmissible in a court of law d) research document only A. expiration date Before assisting patient's in taking their own nitroglycerin, and EMS provider must check the: a. Expiration date a) flat and take slow deep breaths b) in whatever position feels most comfortable c) on his/her back w/ head elevated and take fast shallow breaths d) in a coma position A. high-conc oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing 45. A 62-yr old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs BP 90/60, P= 120, R=24. The patient should be administed: B. perform compressions Immediately after delivering an initial shock to the patient, the EMS provider should a- give 2 ventilations b- perform compressions c- check for a pulse d- check BP detect a shockable rhythm in a patient One reason for using the automated external defribillator is to: ventricular tachycardia Rhythms shockable by an AED include ventricular fibrillation and be removed prior to defibrillation A nitroglycerin patch discovered on the chest of a 75yrold patient in cardiac arrest should: too much insulin (causes very low blood sugar) HYPOGLYCEMIA ____ CAUSES - takes too much insulin -reduces sugar intake by not eating overexercises/overexerts -vomits -increases the metabolic rate in conditions such as fever or shivering SIGNS -rapid onset -drunken stupor -pale, sweaty skin, -tachycardia -rapid breathing -seizures RESULTS -starvation of brain cells -altered mental status -unconsciousness -permanent brain damage A diabetic emergency with a rapid onset is due to: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar, high insulin)- RAPID ONSET Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar, low insulin) Hypoglycemia vs Hyperglycemia hypoglycemia Which one of the following is the medical term for a low blood sugar concentration? C. drunken appearance Which of the following is a sign assoc. with a patient w/ a history of diabetes who has an altered mental status? a. Flushed face b. Slow pulse c. Drunken appearance d. Warm dry skin C. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth - AMS//likely hypoglycemia A 21 yr old male is found sitting in an automobile in a parking lot. He has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes. Your attempt to question him yields little info, as his responses are inappropriate for the questions. Your treatment for this patient include: a. Suctioning patients airway b. Full immobilization of patients head neck and spine c. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth d. Open airway with OPA b. Place site of bite below patients heart c. Apply heat d. Excercise the patients arm A. when directed by a physician at the hospital The appropriate action to take when you MUST apply restraints to an emotionally disturbed patient who is a danger to himself and others is to remove the straps a. When directed by physician at hospital b. When patient is rational c. When patient is in discomfort d. When patient calms down C. the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the placenta Which of the following statements regarding the basic anatomy of the developing fetus is correct? a. Umbilical cord connects the fetus directly to the uterus b. The after birth is another name for amniotic sac c. Fetus receives O2 and nutrients from the placenta d. The fetus develops inside placenta puncture the sac and remove the membrane from the baby's mouth and nose If the baby's head has been delivered and the amniotic sac is still intact, the EMS provider should A. massage the mother's uterus Treatment for excessive vaginal bleeding following delivery is to a) massage the mother's uterus b) apply direct pressure to the vagina c) hold the mother's legs together in order to stop the bleeding d) pack the vagina with gauze pads apply another clamp as close to the original as possible The EMS provider has clamped and cut the umbilical cord following the delivery of a baby, then notices that the end of the cord attached to the baby is bleeding. In this situation, the MOST APPROPRIATE course of action would be to: D. remove the cord if it is wrapped around the infant's neck You are assisting in an emergency childbirth/ The baby's head has completely emerged and you are supporting it with one hand. At this point you should a. Gently pull on baby's head to ensure delivery b. Apply pressure to babys head to avoid explosive delivery c. Turn baby's head to one side d. Remove cord if it is wrapped around the neck D. place the mother in a supine position with hips elevated, administer oxygen, and transport A 25-yr old woman is in active labor. The umbilical cord is presenting through the vagina. You would: a. Gently pull on cord b. Massage uterus c. Replace cord in vagina d. Place mom supine with hips elevated, administer O2 and transport with a gloved hand, establish an airway for the baby During breach delivery, what should you do if the baby's head is not delivered after the body Dark red, flowing steadily How would you describe bleeding from a vein pinch the patient's nostrils together and sit the patient leaning forward to allow drainage To control a nosebleed in a patient WITHOUT suspected spinal traujma, the EMS provider should increased fluid volume All of the following cojnditions can lead to hypoperfusion (SHOCK) except: A. dilated blood vessels/pooling blood in extremities B. loss of fluid volume C. inc fluid volume D. dec cardiac output contusion A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling and bruising a. Contusion b. Avulsion right arm- 9 anterior of right arm: 4.5 Rule of 9's Chest Abdomen Back Buttocks Right arm Anterior of one arm? C- electric burns usually cause insignificant damage to the underlying soft tissues Which one of the following statements regarding burns is INCORRECT? a) Full thickness burns inolving the hands, face or feet are considered critical burns b) Burns occuring in patients w/ heart conditions should be considered critical c) Electrical burns usually cause insignificant damage to the underlying soft tissues d) Chemical antidotes should never be used to neutralize burns of the eyes B. check the patient for entry and exit wounds An EMS provider is called to the scene where a victim has sustained an electrical burn. It is important for the EMS provider to: a. Immediately connect AED b. Check patient for entry and exit wounds c. Immediately pulls the patient from electrical source d. Administer oxygen to the patient via nasal cannula Manually stabilize the injury site What should you do first for a victim who shows signs of an injured shoulder? dislocation When the bone ends of a joint are out place, the injury is called a A. immobilization lessens pains and prevents further damage to tissues In the emergency care of extremity injuries, a splint should be applied because a) immobilization lessens pain and prevents further damage to tissues b) if left out of alignemnt, bone ends might grow together crookedly c) splinting will permit a limited use of the broken limb d) this will promote immediate healing A. all extremities When the spinal cord is severed above the fifth cervical vertebrae, paralysis is likely to occur in a. All extremities b. The upper extremities c. Lower extremities ABOVE 5TH = ALL paralyzed BELOW 5TH= LOWER paralysis Severing of spinal cord above 5th vs below 5th vertebrae b. Stabilize/immobilize entire spine before removing from water In rescuing a diving accident victim from a swimming pool, the EMS provider's FIRST action is to: a. Lay victim on flat surface b. Stabilize entire spine before removing from water c. Take patient out of water and then stabilize pt C. extrication collar To extricate a PT from an automobile w/ a suspected cervical spine injury, which of the following mechanical aids should be employed fIRST? a) soft cervical collar b) long backboard c) extrication collar d) short backboard apply padded board splints and a long spine backboard The treatment for a trauma victim who has sustained a hip joint injury is to: D. cervical spine injury You are assessing a 55 yr old male who has tripped and hit his head on the sidewalk. You find a large hematoma on his forehead, normal vital signs, and no other visible injuries. He complains of tingling in both hands. You should treat this patient for: a) hypoperfusion b) hyperventilation c) angina pectoris Because of the relatively large size of the head, spinal immobilization for infants and children should include padding of the a) hips b) head c) neck d) shoudlers notify your local child protective agency and complete the DSS form If you suspect that a patient is a victim of child abuse, you should A. assess and provide appropriate care When treating an injured child suspected of being a victim of child abuse, your PRIMARY responsibility is to a. Asses and provide appropriate care for child b. Report to police c. Accuse parents d. Ask child c. Proceeding through red light with due caution The operator of an emergency vehicle must remember that NYS Vehicle and Traffic law grants all of the following privileges to emergency vehicles to drive light and sirens when: a. Transporting a patient in full cardiac arrest b. Transporting stable patient to emergency room c. Proceeding through red light with due caution take body substance isolation precautions Upon arrival at a MVA, an EMS provider should immediately assess the scene for safety, determine the # of patients and the mechanism of injury, and a. Seatbelt and shoulder harness Which of the following is/are the MOST IMPT personal safety items when responding to an emergency is: Severe uncontrolled bleeding, open abdominal wounds, severe head injury In triage, which of the following injuries would be considered to have the HIGHEST priorities (red) turn the victim's body as a unit and begin CPR A single EMS provider finds a non breathing and pulseless victim of a mva lying face down in the road, and suspects the victim has a spinal injury. The EMS provider should ensure proper tidal volume for visible chest rise If slight gastric distention occurs in a victim as a result of positive-pressure ventilation, the FIRST action the rescuer should take is to: move the stretcher slowly so that effective CPR can continue When it is necessary to perform CPR while transporting a patient on a stretcher, the EMS provider should 30 compression to 2 ventilations The ratio of compressions to ventilations for one-rescuever CPR on an adult without an advanced airway is: heel of one hand To perform external cardiac compressions on a 4-yr old child, you should use the 120 per min When performing CPR on an infant, the MINIMUM rate of chest compressions is at least two thumb, encircling hands technique The preferred method of chest compressions on an infant by two healthcare providers is the After 5 cycles of CPR When performing adult two-rescuever CPR, when should the rescuer palpate the carotid artery to check for the return of a spontaneous pulse? Any time during the compressions cycle When should ventilations be deliverd during 2 rescuer infant CPR with an advanced airway in place? Ventilate through the neck opening In caring for a non-breathing pt with a stoma or tacheotomy tube; the EMS provider must Correct hand position can be maintained Keeping the heel of the hand lightly in contact w/ the chest during the relaxation phase of chest compression is important b/c NPA's should be coated w/ water-soluble lubricant prior to insertion Which of the following statements regarding nasopharyngeal airways is true has cerebrospinal fluid leaking through the nose and/or ears The use of a NPA is NOT indicated for a patient who remove the airway You have inserted an OPA into the mouth of an unconscious vicitm who reacts by having a gag reflex. You should 15 l/min When using a NRB w/ an oxygen reservoir- the EMS provider should adjust the liter flow to pushes up on the diaphragm and increases the likelihood of vomiting In mouth-to-mask ventilation, the stomach is likely to be distended if too great a force is used to inflate the lungs. Lung ventilation may become more difficult b/c stomach inflation....? 90% The oyxge concentration delivered by a NRB w/ a flow rate of 12-15 l/min is approx. air may enter the blood vessel, making the patient prone to air embolism Bleeding due to laceration in the neck may threaten the patient's life because distal to injury Compressing a pressure point on an extremity will aid in controlling bleeding splinting all suspected fractures without delaying transport Appropriate care for a patient w/ suspected internal bleeding should include rapid weak pulse, perspiration, pallor, shallow breathing Which of the following groups of signs & symptoms indicates that a patient is in hypoperfusion (shock) flows from the wound in distinct spurts A characteristics of arterial bleeding is that it contusion A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling & bruising is called a/an Inadequate cell perfusion Which of the following factors is common to all forms of hypoperfusion (shock)? Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, seal in a plastic bag, and keep the limb cool DONT PUT ON ICE What is the recommended procedure for the transportation of a severed limb to the hospital? In which there is no break in the continuity of the skin A closed bone or joint injury is BEST defined as an injury Splint the lower arm with the hand in a position of function Which of the following procedures should be used to splint a hand injury? Lumbar and Sacram C7 T12 L5 S5 C4 Which areas of the spine are composed of 5 vertebrae each? administer oxygen and seal the chest wound Your patient has an open gunshot wound to the chest that is making a gurgling noise. The patient has labored breathing and cyanosis. The FIRST priority of treatment is to: Unequal chest expansion, inadequate breathing effort, deformity, and pain Signs & symptoms of multiple broken ribs include Providing a drink of water When are you providing treatment for a patient with an abdominal injury, all of the following actions are appropriate EXCEPT with a moist sterile dressing Upon arriving at the scene of an accident, you find a victim who has bowel loops protruding through an abdominal laceration. You should cover the loops places it under his/her tongue An EMS provider can assist a conscious patient in taking his/her prescribed nitroglycerin pill by seeing to it that the patient: appear loose and will lack muscle tone when it is moved by the EMS provider The MOST OBVIOUS indication of a paralyzed limb in a non-traumatic brain injury patient is that the limb will: dilating coronary arteries According to one theory, the way in which nitroglycerine relieves chest pain is by: GUIDE- not pull the baby out While assisting at an emergency childbirth, it is important for you to remember that you should Flick the baby on the bottom of the feet gently If a newborn does not breathe spontaneously, the EMT provider's first action should be to: Stop the burning process The FIRST objetive in the care of any burn is to brush the chemical off the skin For the treatment of a burn caused by a dry chemical, you should FIRST request police assistance before entering the basement You respond to a call for a possible suicide. A a 16 yr old female is locked in the basement. The patient's mother does not know if the patient has a weapon. Your first action should be to Manually stabilize his head and establish an airway At the scene of an accident, an unconscious non-breathing male patient is found trapped ina vehicle in a sitting position. Although the victim can be reached, he cannot be immediately extricated from the vehicle. Your INITIAL action to aid the patient should be to: 30 compression :2 ventilation 2 fingers in center of chest infant 1 rescuer CPR ratio and hand placement? 15 compressions: 2 ventilations 2 thumbs encircling hands in center of chest infant 2 rescuer CPR ratio and hand placement? compressions at rate of 100-120/min 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min) CPR WITH Advanced airway ratio pregnant, a parent, a member of the armed forces, financially independent or emancipated by the courts) Minor Consent used for mentally incompetent adults or those in custody of law enforcement Involuntary Consent - 1. Decomposition (putrefaction) 2. Rigor Mortis 3. Dependent Lividity 4. Decapitation Obvious Signs of Death: - failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide in the same or similar situation. Negligence Ligaments- fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone ligament Tendons- ropelike structures that connects muscle to bone tendon away from the midline lateral toward the midline medial Closer to the point of attachment proximal away from the point of attachment distal back posterior front Anterior Ventilation- simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment ventilation - gas exchange of O2 and CO2, happens at the cellular level in the pulmonary capillaries (wrapped around the alveoli) Respiration 3 compressions : 1 breath newborns apneic CPR ratio Stroke volume x Heart Rate cardiac output