NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution, Exams of Nursing

Download NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution An EMS Provider responds to a call and finds an 8- yr old female with no pulse or respirations. The patient has a history of terminal brain cancer. The family states the last time she as seen alive was 5 mins prior to EMS being called. They also state patient has a DNR oder. In NYS, EMS personnel may accept which of the following DNR instruments as valid? Verbal request from family A. Written non-hospital B. DNR or MOLST form C. Written healthcare proxy D. Written living willCorrect Answers ✅Written out-of-hospital DNR OR MOLST FORM Implied Consent exists when a patient is suffering from a life- threatening injury or illness and is: a. Under police custody b. A threat to himself and others c. Under age of 18 d. UnconsciousCorrect Answers ✅D. unconscious The opposite of distal is a. Superior b. Medial c. Lateral NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution d. ProximalCorrect Answers ✅D. Proximal The chamber of the heart that is most muscular and that pumps the most blood into the aorta is the a. Right atrium b. Left ventricle c. Right ventricle d. Left atriumCorrect Answers ✅B. LEFT VENTRICLE In correct sequence (VERTEBRAE SECTIONS) and number in each sectionCorrect Answers ✅cervical (7), thoracic (5), lumbar (12), sacral (5), and coccygeal (4) The purpose of the first set of vital signs is to:Correct Answers ✅A. establish a baseline for additional evaluations PCR has how many spots for writing vital signs?Correct Answers ✅3 spots When you take the pulse of a patient, you are really NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution For a patient with a suspected lumbar spinal injury, the BEST device for moving the patient as a single unit over uneven terrain is the: A. wheeled stretcher B. long spine board C. flexible stretcher D. short spine boardCorrect Answers ✅B. long spine board Which of the following is the best indicator of the quality of ventilations A. chest expansion B. pupil size C. blood pressure D. skin colorCorrect Answers ✅A. CHEST EXPANSION What is the best measure of respiration?Correct Answers ✅skin color ventilation vs respirationCorrect Answers ✅ventilation- the simple movement of air into and out of the lungs respiration- the exchange of gases between the lungs, the blood, and the tissues of the body NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution Unless additional suctioning time is necessary to clear the airway, an adult patient should be suctioned for NO LONGER THAN A. 5 sec B. 10 sec C. 15 sec D. 20 secCorrect Answers ✅15 seconds During single-rescuer CPR, which of the following ventilation devices would be MOST effective for ventilating a patient A. NRB B. Pocket mask w/ oxygen C. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) D. BVM w/o oxygenCorrect Answers ✅B. Pocket mask with Oxygen because you can maintain a better seal While performing ventilations on an infant or child in respiratory arrest, you should ventilate every A. 5-6 seconds B. 3-5 seconds C. 1-2 secondsCorrect Answers ✅B. 3-5 seconds The oropharyngeal airway will help keep the tongue away from the NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution a. Posterior pharyngeal wall b. Nasal passage c. Epiglottis d. Posterior larynxCorrect Answers ✅a. Posterior pharyngeal wall You are called to the home of a patient who is on physician prescribed low-concentration oxygen and who is NOT in acute respiratory distress. Which type of oxygen delivery device should you use during transport? A. NRB B. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) C. BVM w/ supplemental oxygen D. Nasal cannulaCorrect Answers ✅D. Nasal cannula Used specifically for someone not in respiratory distress and prescribed O2 from doctor An EMS provider is treating a patient who has a head injury resulting from a blow by a baseball bat. What other problem are likely to be present? A. Hypothermia B. Hypertensive shock due to blood loss C. Spinal injuries D. Lung collapseCorrect Answers ✅C. Spinal injuries NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution D. continue with your Primary AssessmentCorrect Answers ✅D. Continue with Primary Assessment Which of the following measures is NOT part of the Primary Assessment of an accident victim? A. assessing the pulse quality B. manual stabilization of the cervical spine C. suctioning of the airway D. taking patient historyCorrect Answers ✅D. Taking patient history Any physical exam of a patient should begin with A inspection B manipulation C stabilization D palpationCorrect Answers ✅A inspection the "A" in the mnemonic AVPU stands for forCorrect Answers ✅ALERT A 65-yr old male was involve in a two motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, he complains of chest pain when breathing and tenderness of the sternum. Your INITIAL care should include: NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution A stabilizing the sternum B positioning the patient on his side C administering high-concentration oxygen D administering the patient's prescribed nitroglycerinCorrect Answers ✅C Administering high-conc oxygen When spinal injuries are suspected, the EMS provider should FIRST A hyperextend the neck to secure the airway B determine the extent of the paralysis C apply an extrication collar D apply manual stabilization and secure the airwayCorrect Answers ✅D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway For a trauma victim w/ a respiratory rate of 40/min, shallow and irregular, who is pale and has a history of emphysema, the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment would be to: a. use of a bvm w/ supp oxygen b. administer low-conc oxygen b/c of emphysema history c. administer supp oxygen w/ a high-conc mask d. transport the patient sitting up to ease the patient's dyspneaCorrect Answers ✅A. Use of a BVM w/ supp. oxygen NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution If the EMS provider is unable to find a patient's peripheral pulse during a Primary Assessment, next step should be to: a. turn on the AED b. palpate the carotid pulse c. open the airway and insert an OPA d. check breathing and begin CPRCorrect Answers ✅b. palpate the carotid pulse While assessing the MOI of a motor vehicle crash, an EMS provider finds that the airbag has been deployed: The EMS provider should: a. decontaminate the patient b. remove the airbag c. disconnect the battery d. lift the airbag and check underneath for damageCorrect Answers ✅d. lift the airbag and check underneath for damage If life threatening conditions are identified during the focused history and physical exam, the EMT should immediately: a. repeat the Primary Assessment b. take vital signs c. begin transportation efforts d. provide life-saving interventionsCorrect Answers ✅D. provide life- saving interventions NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution b) assist patient's respiratory efforts w/ high conc oxygen using a BVM c) watch patient carefully and obtain vital signs d) assess the use of accessory muscles while breathingCorrect Answers ✅b) assist patient's respiratory efforts w/ high conc oxygen using a BVM You are assessing a patient who complains of difficulty breathing and of "not getting enough air" Which of the following will quickly CONFIRM that the pt is not getting sufficient oxygen? A. pink nail beds B. smell of nail polish C. use of accessory muscles while breathingCorrect Answers ✅C. the use of accessory muscles while breathing While carrying concrete blocks at a construction site, a 58 yr old man suddenly develops chest pain and shortness of breath- appears frightened, vomits, and has cool clammy skins. thse are probably signs of a- hiatal hernia b- heat exhaustion c- fatigue d- heart attackCorrect Answers ✅D. heart attack NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution A building contractor, under tremendous pressure to meet a job deadline, experiences diffuse pain in his chest. The pain lasts for several minutes, then disappears w/ rest. The EMS provider should suspect a- angina pectoris b- muscular cramps c- pulmonary edema d- congestive heart failureCorrect Answers ✅A. angina pectoris What acute disorder of the Cardiovascular system is caused by sudden blockage of coronary arteries a. Angina pectoris b. Myocardial infarction c. StrokeCorrect Answers ✅B. Myocardial infarction Angina vs Heart attackCorrect Answers ✅angina: spastic constriction of the arteries Heart attack: sudden blockage of arteries You are treating a patient who is complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. You should have the patient lie: a) flat and take slow deep breaths NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution b) in whatever position feels most comfortable c) on his/her back w/ head elevated and take fast shallow breaths d) in a coma positionCorrect Answers ✅b) in whatever position feels most comfortable 45. A 62-yr old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs BP 90/60, P= 120, R=24. The patient should be administed:Correct Answers ✅A. high-conc oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing Immediately after delivering an initial shock to the patient, the EMS provider should a- give 2 ventilations b- perform compressions c- check for a pulse d- check BPCorrect Answers ✅B. perform compressions One reason for using the automated external defribillator is to:Correct Answers ✅detect a shockable rhythm in a patient Rhythms shockable by an AED include ventricular fibrillation andCorrect Answers ✅ventricular tachycardia NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution A 21 yr old male is found sitting in an automobile in a parking lot. He has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes. Your attempt to question him yields little info, as his responses are inappropriate for the questions. Your treatment for this patient include: a. Suctioning patients airway b. Full immobilization of patients head neck and spine c. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth d. Open airway with OPACorrect Answers ✅C. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth - AMS//likely hypoglycemia Sugar passess from the blood to the cells w/ the aid of a chemical susbtances known asCorrect Answers ✅insulin Which of the following are the signs of a severe allergic reaction a. Decreased BP, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing b. Pain in chest, rapid pulse, pallor, sweating c. Decreased BP strong pulse, heavy breathingCorrect Answers ✅A. Decreased BP, Itching, Swelling, Difficulty breathing WUSH (Wheezing, urticaria, strider, hypotension) NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution Autoinjectors should be administed in theCorrect Answers ✅d- lateral thigh, midway b/w the waist and the knee do after injection : Massage area, dispose in sharps container A child drank some unknown fluid. You arrive at the scene and note the following signs: Child's mouth and lips are burned, child is coughing and gagging. What should you do? a) administer syrup of ipecac b) administer activated charcoal and induce vomiting c) call the medical or poison control center for advice d) administer syrup of ipepac and activated charcoalCorrect Answers ✅c- call the medical or poison control center for advice - wouldn't use ipecac bc of corrosiveness-burned lips A 28-yr old patient presents supine on the floor, unconscious, unresponsive, and with snoring respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. Bystanders report that the patient is diabetic, taken no medications, and may have ingested heroin half an hour prior to the EMS Provider's arrival. After opening the patient's airway, the EMS provider should:Correct Answers ✅insert an airway adjunct and ventilate w/ 100% oxygen using a BVM NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution The treatment for an unconscious patient w/ generalized hypothermia would be to:Correct Answers ✅prevent further heat loss & transport gently why gently? VFIB can happen A severe heat emergency is characterized byCorrect Answers ✅hot, dry skin severe heat emergency - heat stroke- hot, dry For a patient who has been bitten on the arm by a rattlesnake, which of the following actions should be taken while the patient is being transported to the hospital? a. Place an ice pack over site of bite b. Place site of bite below patients heart c. Apply heat d. Excercise the patients armCorrect Answers ✅B. place the site of the bite below the level of the patient's heart NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution b. Massage uterus c. Replace cord in vagina d. Place mom supine with hips elevated, administer O2 and transportCorrect Answers ✅D. place the mother in a supine position with hips elevated, administer oxygen, and transport During breach delivery, what should you do if the baby's head is not delivered after the bodyCorrect Answers ✅with a gloved hand, establish an airway for the baby How would you describe bleeding from a veinCorrect Answers ✅Dark red, flowing steadily To control a nosebleed in a patient WITHOUT suspected spinal traujma, the EMS provider shouldCorrect Answers ✅pinch the patient's nostrils together and sit the patient leaning forward to allow drainage All of the following cojnditions can lead to hypoperfusion (SHOCK) except: A. dilated blood vessels/pooling blood in extremities B. loss of fluid volume C. inc fluid volume D. dec cardiac outputCorrect Answers ✅increased fluid volume NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling and bruising a. Contusion b. Avulsion c. Laceration d. AbrasionCorrect Answers ✅contusion Contusion Avulsion: Laceration: Abrasion: DefinitionsCorrect Answers ✅Contusion Bruise Avulsion: flap Laceration: jagged cut Abrasion: road rash You are treating a male patient who has a penetrating chest wound and frothy bright-red blood at the mouth. About 10 minutes after sealing the chest wall, you notice the patient's breathing becoems much worse. At this point you should, a) immediately place the patient on the uninjured side b) lift one corner of the dressing NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution c) administer positive-pressure ventilation immediately d) administer pure oxygen to aid respirationCorrect Answers ✅b) lift one corner of the dressing Which of the following best describes an eviscerationCorrect Answers ✅bowel loops protruding through the abdomen tension pneumothoraxCorrect Answers ✅a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping mediastinum includesCorrect Answers ✅heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland Which of the following BEST describes eviscerationCorrect Answers ✅Bowel loops protruding through the abdomen Treatment: Cover with moist sterile dressing keep warm A patient was pulled from a house fire and has burns involving arms, chest and back. You should FIRSTCorrect Answers ✅assess for airway and respiratory distress NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution b) if left out of alignemnt, bone ends might grow together crookedly c) splinting will permit a limited use of the broken limb d) this will promote immediate healingCorrect Answers ✅A. immobilization lessens pains and prevents further damage to tissues When the spinal cord is severed above the fifth cervical vertebrae, paralysis is likely to occur in a. All extremities b. The upper extremities c. Lower extremitiesCorrect Answers ✅A. all extremities Severing of spinal cord above 5th vs below 5th vertebraeCorrect Answers ✅ABOVE 5TH = ALL paralyzed BELOW 5TH= LOWER paralysis In rescuing a diving accident victim from a swimming pool, the EMS provider's FIRST action is to: a. Lay victim on flat surface b. Stabilize entire spine before removing from water c. Take patient out of water and then stabilize ptCorrect Answers ✅b. Stabilize/immobilize entire spine before removing from water NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution To extricate a PT from an automobile w/ a suspected cervical spine injury, which of the following mechanical aids should be employed fIRST? a) soft cervical collar b) long backboard c) extrication collar d) short backboardCorrect Answers ✅C. extrication collar The treatment for a trauma victim who has sustained a hip joint injury is to:Correct Answers ✅apply padded board splints and a long spine backboard You are assessing a 55 yr old male who has tripped and hit his head on the sidewalk. You find a large hematoma on his forehead, normal vital signs, and no other visible injuries. He complains of tingling in both hands. You should treat this patient for: a) hypoperfusion b) hyperventilation c) angina pectoris d) cervical spine injuryCorrect Answers ✅D. cervical spine injury Infants are obligate nose breathers until approx. 6 months of age, which means that they NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution a) should never be given 02 by a nasal cannula b) should never be placed on their stomachs fro breathing c) may suffer respiratory distress if their noses become obstructed d) are at a high risk for dying of SIDSCorrect Answers ✅C. may suffer respiratory distress if their noses become obstructed In a child, all of the following are signs of respiratory failure except? a) limp muscle tone b) cyanosis c) slow HR d) cryingCorrect Answers ✅D. CRYING All of the following statements concerning SIDS are true except: a) it is preventable if parents are more attentive to their children b) if EMS provider arrives shortly after infants arrest, should administer CPR c) it is defined as the death of an infant that is sudden, unsuspected, and unexplainable d) if the infant shows very obvious signs of death, the EMS provider should hep the family deal wit htheir grief and guiltCorrect Answers ✅a- it is preventable are more attentitive to their children NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution a. Transporting a patient in full cardiac arrest b. Transporting stable patient to emergency room c. Proceeding through red light with due cautionCorrect Answers ✅c. Proceeding through red light with due caution Upon arrival at a MVA, an EMS provider should immediately assess the scene for safety, determine the # of patients and the mechanism of injury, andCorrect Answers ✅take body substance isolation precautions Which of the following is/are the MOST IMPT personal safety items when responding to an emergency is:Correct Answers ✅a. Seatbelt and shoulder harness In triage, which of the following injuries would be considered to have the HIGHEST priorities (red)Correct Answers ✅Severe uncontrolled bleeding, open abdominal wounds, severe head injury A single EMS provider finds a non breathing and pulseless victim of a mva lying face down in the road, and suspects the victim has a spinal injury. The EMS provider shouldCorrect Answers ✅turn the victim's body as a unit and begin CPR NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution If slight gastric distention occurs in a victim as a result of positive- pressure ventilation, the FIRST action the rescuer should take is to:Correct Answers ✅ensure proper tidal volume for visible chest rise When it is necessary to perform CPR while transporting a patient on a stretcher, the EMS provider shouldCorrect Answers ✅move the stretcher slowly so that effective CPR can continue The ratio of compressions to ventilations for one-rescuever CPR on an adult without an advanced airway is:Correct Answers ✅30 compression to 2 ventilations To perform external cardiac compressions on a 4-yr old child, you should use theCorrect Answers ✅heel of one hand When performing CPR on an infant, the MINIMUM rate of chest compressions is at leastCorrect Answers ✅120 per min The preferred method of chest compressions on an infant by two healthcare providers is theCorrect Answers ✅two thumb, encircling hands technique NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution When performing adult two-rescuever CPR, when should the rescuer palpate the carotid artery to check for the return of a spontaneous pulse?Correct Answers ✅After 5 cycles of CPR When should ventilations be deliverd during 2 rescuer infant CPR with an advanced airway in place?Correct Answers ✅Any time during the compressions cycle The method of clearing a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious adult patient is to:Correct Answers ✅administer chest compressions As you lift a patient into the rear of the ambulance, a reporter recognizes the patient as a state senator. The press demands to be told what has happened to the senator, you shouldCorrect Answers ✅Advise the press that you are unable to comment If the patient care protocols have been revised, it's the EMS providers responsiiblity toCorrect Answers ✅Attend in-service training with the agency medical director to become familiar w/ the new protocols The back surface of the body is known as theCorrect Answers ✅posterior surface NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution You have inserted an OPA into the mouth of an unconscious vicitm who reacts by having a gag reflex. You shouldCorrect Answers ✅remove the airway When using a NRB w/ an oxygen reservoir- the EMS provider should adjust the liter flow toCorrect Answers ✅15 l/min In mouth-to-mask ventilation, the stomach is likely to be distended if too great a force is used to inflate the lungs. Lung ventilation may become more difficult b/c stomach inflation....?Correct Answers ✅pushes up on the diaphragm and increases the likelihood of vomiting The oyxge concentration delivered by a NRB w/ a flow rate of 12-15 l/min is approx.Correct Answers ✅90% Bleeding due to laceration in the neck may threaten the patient's life becauseCorrect Answers ✅air may enter the blood vessel, making the patient prone to air embolism Compressing a pressure point on an extremity will aid in controlling bleedingCorrect Answers ✅distal to injury NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution Appropriate care for a patient w/ suspected internal bleeding should includeCorrect Answers ✅splinting all suspected fractures without delaying transport Which of the following groups of signs & symptoms indicates that a patient is in hypoperfusion (shock)Correct Answers ✅rapid weak pulse, perspiration, pallor, shallow breathing A characteristics of arterial bleeding is that itCorrect Answers ✅flows from the wound in distinct spurts A localized soft tissue injury characterized by swelling & bruising is called a/anCorrect Answers ✅contusion Which of the following factors is common to all forms of hypoperfusion (shock)?Correct Answers ✅Inadequate cell perfusion What is the recommended procedure for the transportation of a severed limb to the hospital?Correct Answers ✅Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, seal in a plastic bag, and keep the limb cool DONT PUT ON ICE NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution A closed bone or joint injury is BEST defined as an injuryCorrect Answers ✅In which there is no break in the continuity of the skin Which of the following procedures should be used to splint a hand injury?Correct Answers ✅Splint the lower arm with the hand in a position of function The correct term for an open wound that has jagged skin edges isCorrect Answers ✅Laceration When checking the lower extremities of a conscious patient for paralysis, the EMS provider should FIRSTCorrect Answers ✅Touch the patients feet and leg and ask if he/she can feel the touch. The MOST SERIOUS problem assoc. w/ an injury to a joint is this type of injury:Correct Answers ✅is frequtnly accompanied by nerve and vascular damage To assess the circulatory status of a patient's limbs distal to an injury site, you should check?Correct Answers ✅Pulses, skin color and temperature NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution Signs & symptoms of multiple broken ribs includeCorrect Answers ✅Unequal chest expansion, inadequate breathing effort, deformity, and pain When are you providing treatment for a patient with an abdominal injury, all of the following actions are appropriate EXCEPTCorrect Answers ✅Providing a drink of water Upon arriving at the scene of an accident, you find a victim who has bowel loops protruding through an abdominal laceration. You should cover the loopsCorrect Answers ✅with a moist sterile dressing An EMS provider can assist a conscious patient in taking his/her prescribed nitroglycerin pill by seeing to it that the patient:Correct Answers ✅places it under his/her tongue The MOST OBVIOUS indication of a paralyzed limb in a non-traumatic brain injury patient is that the limb will:Correct Answers ✅appear loose and will lack muscle tone when it is moved by the EMS provider According to one theory, the way in which nitroglycerine relieves chest pain is by:Correct Answers ✅dilating coronary arteries NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution While assisting at an emergency childbirth, it is important for you to remember that you shouldCorrect Answers ✅GUIDE- not pull the baby out If a newborn does not breathe spontaneously, the EMT provider's first action should be to:Correct Answers ✅Flick the baby on the bottom of the feet gently The FIRST objetive in the care of any burn is toCorrect Answers ✅Stop the burning process For the treatment of a burn caused by a dry chemical, you should FIRSTCorrect Answers ✅brush the chemical off the skin You respond to a call for a possible suicide. A a 16 yr old female is locked in the basement. The patient's mother does not know if the patient has a weapon. Your first action should be toCorrect Answers ✅request police assistance before entering the basement At the scene of an accident, an unconscious non-breathing male patient is found trapped ina vehicle in a sitting position. Although the victim can be reached, he cannot be immediately extricated from the vehicle. Your INITIAL action to aid the patient should be to:Correct Answers ✅Manually stabilize his head and establish an airway NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution infant 1 rescuer CPR ratio and hand placement?Correct Answers ✅30 compression :2 ventilation 2 fingers in center of chest infant 2 rescuer CPR ratio and hand placement?Correct Answers ✅15 compressions: 2 ventilations 2 thumbs encircling hands in center of chest CPR WITH Advanced airway ratioCorrect Answers ✅compressions at rate of 100-120/min 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min) compression depth for adult CPRCorrect Answers ✅2-2.4 inches compression depth for children CPRCorrect Answers ✅2 inches compression depth for infant CPRCorrect Answers ✅At least one third the chest depth, approximately 1 ½ in NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution enforcement Obvious Signs of Death:Correct Answers ✅1. Decomposition (putrefaction) 2. Rigor Mortis 3. Dependent Lividity 4. Decapitation NegligenceCorrect Answers ✅- failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide in the same or similar situation. ligamentCorrect Answers ✅Ligaments- fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone tendonCorrect Answers ✅Tendons- ropelike structures that connects muscle to bone lateralCorrect Answers ✅away from the midline medialCorrect Answers ✅toward the midline NYS EMT-B State Exam Written Questions with Complete solution proximalCorrect Answers ✅Closer to the point of attachment distalCorrect Answers ✅away from the point of attachment posteriorCorrect Answers ✅back AnteriorCorrect Answers ✅front ventilationCorrect Answers ✅Ventilation- simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment RespirationCorrect Answers ✅- gas exchange of O2 and CO2, happens at the cellular level in the pulmonary capillaries (wrapped around the alveoli) newborns apneic CPR ratioCorrect Answers ✅3 compressions : 1 breath cardiac outputCorrect Answers ✅Stroke volume x Heart Rate