Object-Oriented Software Development with Rational Unified Process: Principles and Phases, Summaries of Computer Science

Download Object-Oriented Software Development with Rational Unified Process: Principles and Phases and more Summaries Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! Slide 3 OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY Importance of Object Orientation Higher level of abstraction * The object-oriented approach supports abstraction at the object level. * Since objects encapsulate both data (attributes) and functions (methods), they work at a higher level of abstraction. The development can proceed at the object level and ignore the rest of the system for as long as necessary. This makes designing, coding, testing, and maintaining the system much simpler. The Rational Unified Process ¢ This is an Object Oriented Methodology derived from the work on the UML and associated process. * Brings together aspects of the Waterfall model, Incremental Development and the Reuse-Oriented Software Engineering. * Normally described from 3 perspectives — Adynamic perspective that shows phases over time; — Astatic perspective that shows process activities; — Apractive perspective that suggests good practice * RUP establishes a unifying and unitary framework around the Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson works by utilizing the unified modeling language (UML) to describe, model, and document the software development process. ¢ The main motivation here is to combine the best practices, processes, methodologies, and guidelines along with UML notations and diagrams for better understanding object- oriented concepts and system development RUP Approach ¢ Essential Principles: — Attack major risks early and continuously — Ensure that you deliver value to your customer — Stay focused on executable software — Accommodate change early in the project — Baseline an executable architecture early on — Build your system with components — Work together as one team — Make quality a way of life, not an afterthought In-phase iteration ¢ In-phase iteration — Each phase is iterative with results developed incrementally. * Cross-phase iteration — As shown by the loop in the RUP model, the whole set of phases may be enacted incrementally. RUP Work Flows A Workflow is a sequence of tasks in a business process. Workflows are the paths that describe how something is done. RUP workflows include —Business modeling —Requirements management —Analysis and design Implementation —Deployment —Test —Project management —Change management —Environment Workflows in the Rational Unified Process Business modeling - The business processes are modeled using business use cases. Requirements - Actors who interact with the system are identified and use cases are developed to model the system requirements. Analysis and design - A design model is created and documented using architectural models, component models, object models and sequence models. Implementation - The components in the system are implemented and structured into implementation sub-systems. Automatic code generation from design models helps accelerate this process. UML Diagrams * The UML includes specifications for nine key diagrams used to document various perspectives of a software solution from project inception to installation and maintenance. * One way to organize the UML diagrams is by using views. A view is a collection of diagrams that describe a similar aspect of the project. Functional View Model how the system is supposed to work. *The Use Case diagram describes the features that the users expect the system to provide. *The Activity diagram describes processes including sequential tasks, conditional logic, and concurrency. This diagram is like a flowchart, but it has been enhanced for use with object modeling. Dynamic View The dynamic view includes the diagrams that reveal how objects interact with one another in response to the environment. It includes the * Sequence and Collaboration diagrams, which collectively are referred to as interaction diagrams. They are specifically designed to describe how objects talk to each other. ¢ State chart diagram, which shows how and why an object changes over time in response to the environment Object Oriented Programming in C++ STRUCTURE OF C++ PROGRAM Include files Class declaration Class functions, definition Main function program CLASS * Class is a group of objects that share common properties and relationships .In C++, a class is a new data type that contains member variables and member functions that operates on the variables. A class is defined with the keyword class. It allows the data to be hidden, if necessary from external use. When we defining a class, we are creating a new abstract data type that can be treated like any other built in data type. Generally a class specification has two parts:- a) Class declaration b) Class function definition The class declaration describes the type and scope of its members. The class function definition describes how the class functions are implemented. Syntax:- class class-name { private: variable declarations; function declaration ; protected: variable declarations; function declaration ; public: variable declarations; function declaration; }; ACCESSING CLASS MEMBER The private data of a class can be accessed only through the member functions of that class Syntax: object name.function-name(actual arguments); class xyz { Int x; Int y; public: int z; XYZ Pp; p. x =0; error . x is private p, Z=10; ok ,z is public DEFINING MEMBER FUNCTION Member can be defined in two places e Outside the class definition e Inside the class function Exercise * Write an object oriented program to calculate the volume of a cylinder v=mr2h END. Wairagu G.R