Oceanography and Earth Composition: Key Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Aerospace Engineering

Download Oceanography and Earth Composition: Key Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Aerospace Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What Percentage of the Earth is Crust? DEFINITION 1 .4% TERM 2 Average depth of the ocean DEFINITION 2 3.73km TERM 3 Lithosphere DEFINITION 3 Land mass on Earth Surface TERM 4 Hydrosphere DEFINITION 4 Water mass on Earth's Surface TERM 5 Asthenosphere DEFINITION 5 Semi Liquid part before crust, very weak TERM 6 % earth surface sea DEFINITION 6 70.8% TERM 7 %earth surface land DEFINITION 7 29.2% TERM 8 Parts of Continental Margin DEFINITION 8 Continental Shelf Continental Slope Continental Rise Abyssal Plane TERM 9 Territorial waters extend___km of a country DEFINITION 9 6-12 km TERM 10 Mid Ocean Ridges DEFINITION 10 Regions of seismic and volcanic activity where new oceanic crust is formed as magma from the earth's interior pushes upwards EX: Mid-atlantic ridge east-pacific ridge mid-indian ridge TERM 21 Bar Calculations DEFINITION 21 P-P(atm)/p(atm) TERM 22 In situ density dependent on what? DEFINITION 22 PRESSURE TERM 23 Linear relationship between temperature and ____ DEFINITION 23 Density TERM 24 'Rule of Thumb' DEFINITION 24 Density increases 1 kg/m^3 or a change in density of 1 for a temperature decreas of 5 C, 1PSU salinity or 200db increase in pressure TERM 25 Halocline Layer DEFINITION 25 Dramatic increase in salinity Graph salinity (parts per thousand) vs depth TERM 26 Pyncocline Layer DEFINITION 26 dramatic increase in density graph=density vs depth TERM 27 Geostrophic Flow DEFINITION 27 Balance between pressure and coriolis force termed cyclonic and anticyclonic see Physical Oceanography 2 page 9 pressure force and coriolis force=force couple, velocity perpendicular to the couple TERM 28 Cyclonic Motion DEFINITION 28 Northern Hemisphere CASE: A low pressure area induces counterclockwise motion Souther Hemisphere case: Low pressure area induces clockwise motion TERM 29 Anticyclonic DEFINITION 29 Northern Hemisphere case High pressure induces clockwise motion PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY2.pdf page 10 Southern Hemisphere High pressure induces counterclockwise motion TERM 30 Ekman Transport DEFINITION 30 Balance of forces towards center of gyre Physical Oceanography2 pdf page 12-14 TERM 31 Upwelling DEFINITION 31 Occurs when Ekman transport causes a removal of surface waters from an area page 14 POE2 TERM 32 Thermohaline Circulation DEFINITION 32 driven by density differences TERM 33 Line of Constant Density DEFINITION 33 isopycnals TERM 34 Dispersion Relation DEFINITION 34 L=(g/2pi)*T^2 * tanh(2 pi h)/L TERM 35 Wave Speed-deep water waves DEFINITION 35 C=(g/2 pi )* T TERM 46 Deep water waves DEFINITION 46 when h>L/2 h=depth TERM 47 Resonating Bays DEFINITION 47 Bay of Fundy has a tide period of 12 hrs but a tidal range of 15m TERM 48 Depth DEFINITION 48 Vertical distance from from the uppermost continous deck to keel misdhip TERM 49 Shell DEFINITION 49 PLATING AROUND HULL TERM 50 Innerbottom DEFINITION 50 watertight interior skin above bottom TERM 51 Doublebottom DEFINITION 51 innerbottom, space and structure between it and shell TERM 52 Long Ton DEFINITION 52 2240 lb TERM 53 Metric Ton DEFINITION 53 1000 kg or 2205 lbs TERM 54 Lightship DEFINITION 54 ship's weight empty including liquids in machinery TERM 55 deadweight DEFINITION 55 everything you add to the lightship TERM 56 displacement DEFINITION 56 lightship+deadweight TERM 57 registered tonnage DEFINITION 57 an approximation to a ship's LOA TERM 58 Scantlings DEFINITION 58 cross-sectional dimensions of frames, plates and other pieces a ship is made of TERM 59 LBP DEFINITION 59 Length between perpendiculars TERM 60 forward perpendicular DEFINITION 60 at design waterline DWL