Okami Study Guide: Chapter 12, Study notes of Personality Psychology

Download Okami Study Guide: Chapter 12 and more Study notes Personality Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Okami  Study  Guide:  Chapter  12   1   Chapter Test 1. People are not merely a random collection of traits, meaning that people’s personalities are a. integrated b. organized c. enduring d. transient Answer: B difficulty: 1 conceptual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 2. The id is driven primarily by the impulse to seek pleasure and avoid pain, known as the a. primary process b. pain principle c. secondary process d. pleasure principle Answer: D difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 3. When an individual is met with feelings of guilt or shame, it is likely because of this part of the psyche. a. id b. ego c. super ego d. reality principle Answer: C difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 4. The correct order of the stages of psychosexual development is a. anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic b. phallic, oral, genital, anal, latency c. oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic d. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Answer: D difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 5. Freud’s conception of the conflicts arising in the phallic stage is problematic because a. children are hardly ever attached to their caregivers b. children innately identify with their opposite-sex parent c. Freud did not explain how a girl or boy would understand the use of a penis and its meaning d. Freud did not explain how a mother and father would conceive a child obsessed with erotic pleasure Answer: C difficulty: 3 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 6. Freud used the term dynamic processes to refer to Okami  Study  Guide:  Chapter  12   2   a. the changing emphasis of sexual desire throughout childhood b. the interaction and conflict among the id, ego, and superego c. the personality characteristics that change throughout a person’s life d. the adult interest in sex and aggression as personality constructs Answer: B difficulty: 2 conceptual Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology 7. Behaviorist theories of personality describe personality characteristics in terms of a. conditioning b. intrinsic motivation c. innate personality characteristics d. unconscious motives Answer: A difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 8. According to humanists, the approval and love we receive from important people in our lives should be freely given. This is called a. congruence b. accurate empathy c. unconditional positive regard d. positive reinforcement Answer: C difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 9. According to this theory, self-esteem acts as a psychological buffer against the pervasive general anxiety all human beings feel when faced with the knowledge of their own inevitable death. a. humanistic theory b. terror management theory c. anxiety avoidance theory d. systematic desensitization theory Answer: B difficulty: 2 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 10. These are relatively stable personality characteristics, attributes, and motivations that can be commonly captured in adjectives. a. types b. traits c. states d. archetypes Answer: B difficulty: 1 factual Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 11. This superordinate trait dimension describes to the degree to which a person is reserved, quiet, and thoughtful, versus assertive, outgoing, and sociable. a. instability-stability