Language and Communication: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Organizational Communication

Download Language and Communication: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Organizational Communication in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 language DEFINITION 1 a system of symbols, words, and gestures used to communicate meaning TERM 2 semantic triangle DEFINITION 2 includes word, thought (reference), and subject/object TERM 3 syntactic rules DEFINITION 3 govern the order of words in a sentence TERM 4 semantic rules DEFINITION 4 govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them TERM 5 contextual rules DEFINITION 5 govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom TERM 6 denotative DEFINITION 6 a word's common meaning, often found in the dictionary TERM 7 connotative DEFINITION 7 an emotional association with a word that adds to its meaning; typically not found in dictionary TERM 8 clich DEFINITION 8 a once clever word or phrase that has lost its impact through overuse; symptom of lazy communication; readers and listeners tend to gloss over them TERM 9 jargon DEFINITION 9 occupation specific language used by people within a certain occupation TERM 10 slang DEFINITION 10 the use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words; with an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect TERM 21 laws of similarity DEFINITION 21 items that are similar tend to be grouped together TERM 22 law of proximity DEFINITION 22 objects near each other tend to be grouped together TERM 23 law of closure DEFINITION 23 objects grouped together are seen as a whole TERM 24 law of continuity DEFINITION 24 we draw connections between things that occur in sequence TERM 25 law of figure and ground DEFINITION 25 we tend to separate whole items from their backgrounds (we emphasize the figure, not the background) TERM 26 optimism bias DEFINITION 26 our tendency to be unrealistic in our judgments of the likelihood we will experience bad things TERM 27 self fulfilling prophecy DEFINITION 27 your behavior will match and mirror other people's expectations TERM 28 confirmation bias DEFINITION 28 we tend to avoid info or downplay info that conflicts with the decision we've made TERM 29 hindsight bias DEFINITION 29 we overestimate our ability to have predicted something from happening after the event occurs TERM 30 gambler's fallacy DEFINITION 30 the tendency to think that future probabilities are influenced by past events TERM 31 negative orientation DEFINITION 31 pre existing negative associations or view of the task TERM 32 determine your general purpose, realistic?, receptive audience? DEFINITION 32 steps for determining your purpose: TERM 33 pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse DEFINITION 33 cycle of change TERM 34 pre contemplation DEFINITION 34 no intention on changing behavior TERM 35 contemplation DEFINITION 35 aware a problem exists but with no commitment to action TERM 46 premeditated shoplifting DEFINITION 46 copy and pasting passages into your paper TERM 47 tinkering with the evidence DEFINITION 47 making minor word changes, like using synonyms but the structure stays the same TERM 48 idea kidnapping DEFINITION 48 paraphrasing but neglecting to cite the source TERM 49 unauthorized borrowing of private property DEFINITION 49 citing the source but essentially using the same sentence structure and only changing a few words TERM 50 trespassing over boundaries DEFINITION 50 failing to indicate where your ideas begin, and the source's end TERM 51 ethos DEFINITION 51 credibility TERM 52 logos DEFINITION 52 logic and reason TERM 53 pathos DEFINITION 53 emotion TERM 54 thesis statement DEFINITION 54 clarifies the idea in your mind and makes sure it comes through to your audience; should be short, specific, and to the point TERM 55 thesis statements DEFINITION 55 should be a declarative statement, complete sentence, use specific language, not vague generalities, a single idea, reflect consideration of the audience TERM 56 introduction DEFINITION 56 introduce your thesis statement and preview your main points TERM 57 first point of support DEFINITION 57 cite all authors who provide evidence to back up my point TERM 58 effective paper outline DEFINITION 58 introductionfirst point of supportsecond point of supportthird point of supportopposing viewpointscommon ground and refutation of opposition viewpointsconclusion TERM 59 organizing strategies DEFINITION 59 time (chronological)comparison contrastcause and effectproblem and solution classification (categorical) TERM 60 time (chronological) DEFINITION 60 structuring your document by time shows a series of events or steps in a process, which typically has a beginning, middle, and end TERM 71 exclamatory DEFINITION 71 expresses strong emotion TERM 72 independent clauses DEFINITION 72 conveys a complete thought; could be stand alone sentences TERM 73 simple DEFINITION 73 one independent clause TERM 74 compound DEFINITION 74 two independent clauses TERM 75 complex DEFINITION 75 dependent followed by independent clause TERM 76 compound complex DEFINITION 76 dependent + independent + independent TERM 77 transitions DEFINITION 77 bridges between ideas, thoughts, or concepts; words, phrases, or visual devices that help the audience follow the speaker's ideas, connect the main points to each other, see the relationships TERM 78 internal preview DEFINITION 78 a brief statement referring to a point you are going to make it can forecast or foreshadow a main point in your document TERM 79 signpost DEFINITION 79 alerts the audience you are moving from one topic to the next sign posts or signal words draw attention to themselves and focus the audience's attention TERM 80 internal summary DEFINITION 80 briefly covers info or alludes to info introduced previously it can remind an audience of a previous point and reinforce info covered in your document TERM 81 sequence transition DEFINITION 81 outlines a hierarchical order or series of steps in your document it can illustrate order or steps in a logical process TERM 82 time transition DEFINITION 82 focuses on the chronological aspects of your order particularly useful in an article utilizing a story this transition can illustrate for the audience progression of time TERM 83 addition or additive transition DEFINITION 83 contributes to a previous point this transition can build on a previous point and extend the discussion TERM 84 transition by similarity DEFINITION 84 draws a parallel between two ideas, concepts or examples it can indicate a common area between points for the audience TERM 85 transition by comparison DEFINITION 85 draws a distinction between two ideas, concepts or examples it can indicate a common or divergent area between points for the audience TERM 96 passive sentences DEFINITION 96 de emphasize the doer of the action, avoid personal references, or personal pronouns, create a more objective tone TERM 97 difficult words DEFINITION 97 three or more syllable wordsdoes not include compound words, proper nouns, or words where a suffix adds a syllable TERM 98 8-11 grade DEFINITION 98 desirable readability index for business writing is TERM 99 personal words DEFINITION 99 include nouns with natural gender, pronouns except for neuter pronouns, the words people and folks TERM 100 personal sentences DEFINITION 100 quotations, imperative sentences, exclamations, grammatically incomplete sentences TERM 101 human interest score DEFINITION 101 the higher the percentage of personal words and personal sentences the higher the