Download Organic Chemistry: Polymerization Reactions and more Exams Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Section 10.5 (pg. 445-459) Organic Chemistry: Polymerization Reactions Today’s Objectives: 1) Define, illustrate, and give examples of monomers, polymers, and polymerization in living and non-living systems STS: 2) Illustrate how science and technology are developed to meet societal needs and expand human capabilities STS: 3) Illustrate how science and technology have both intended and unintended consequences Polymerization Polymers are large molecules made of chains of monomers, small molecules that link together. Polymerization is the formation of polymers from these small units Polymers can occur naturally (proteins, carbohydrates) and can be synthesized (nylon, Teflon, polyethylene) They play an integral part in the function of life systems and have revolutionized the way society functions Things to know about addition polymers… The polymer names end in –ene (i.e. polystyrene, polypropene). Does this mean they have double bonds? No, the double bonds are saturated by adjacent monomers, as the polymer is made. The name refers to the starting monomer (i.e. polyethene is started by the monomer ethene) What properties make Teflon a good product for non-stick materials? Teflon is made up of C-F bonds which are very strong (not C-H bonds). These very strong bonds make the Teflon highly unreactive (non-sticking), it has a high melting point and it has a slippery surface Condensation Polymerization Monomers combine to form a polymer and a bi-product. Each time a bond forms between monomers, small molecules, such as water, ammonia, or HCl are “condensed” out. The polymerization of nylon: • For condensation polymerization to occur, monomers must be bifunctional, meaning they have at least two functional groups. • If they only had one functional group, then only one bond would form. Condensation Polymerization Condensation polymerization also produces natural polymers, called proteins. Amino acids (monomers) polymerize to make peptides (short chains of amino acids) or proteins (long chains of amino acids) Polyester: Dacron Another example of a polyester: Note the two carboxyl groups in the dicarboxylic acid and the two hydroxyl groups in the polyalcohol that start the chain reaction Natural Polymer Examples
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Oo Starch, wood, silk, DNA
CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH
H OH H OH H+} —OH HF —OH
H H H H
OH H OH H K oH H OH H
O oH O O
H OH H OH H OH H OH
(a) starch
Today’s homework Pg. 448 #2-4 Pg. 452 #13 Pg. 455 #16, 17 Due tomorrow What is coming up tomorrow? Review for Unit Exam
