Organic Mental Disorders - Psychiatry - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychiatry

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Organic Mental Disorders Docsity.com Classification of Dementia Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders: F00 Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease F01 Vascular dementia P02 Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere F03 Unspecified dementia F04 Organic amnesic syndrome, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances F05 Delirium, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances F06 Other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease F07 Personality and behavioural disorders due to brain disease, damage and dysfunction F09 Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorder Docsity.com F00 Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease DAT = dementia of Alzheimer's type: • the most frequent type of dementia • primary degenerative cerebral disease of unknown etiology • characterized with marked reduction of neurons, appearance of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques (beta-amyloid) • especially cholinergic system is affected Docsity.com DAT with Early Onset • Dementia before the age of 65 • Relatively rapid deterioration • Aphasia, agraphia, alexia, apraxia Docsity.com DAT with Late Onset • Dementia after the age 65 • Family history of DAT or Down’s syndrome • Slow progression, no insight • Severe impairment of memory, confabulations Docsity.com F01 Vascular Dementia F01 Vascular dementia F01.0 Vascular dementia of acute onset F01.1 Multi-infarct dementia F01.2 Subcortical vascular dementia F01.3 Mixed cortical and subcortical vascular dementia F01 8 Other vascular dementia F01.9 Vascular dementia, unspecified Docsity.com F01 Vascular Dementia Diagnostic guidelines: a) Presence of a dementia b) Uneven impairment of cognitive function + focal neurological signs c) Insight and judgement relatively well preserved d) An abrupt onset or a stepwise deterioration Docsity.com F01 Vascular Dementia Associated features: a) Hypertension b) Emotional lability, weeping or explosive laughter c) Transient episodes of clouded consciousness d) Personality relatively well preserved, accentuation of previous traits (egocentrism, paranoid attitudes, irritability) Docsity.com F02 Dementia in Other Diseases Classified Elsewhere F02.0 Dementia in Pick’s disease a) A progressive dementia b) A predominance of frontal lobe features (euphoria, emotional blunting, coarsening of social behaviour, disinhihition, apathy) c) Behavioural manifestations F02.1 Dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease a) Fairly rapid progressing over months to 1-2 years b) Multiple neurological signs (pyramidal + extrapyramidal, ataxia) Docsity.com F02 Dementia in Other Diseases Classified Elsewhere F02.2 Dementia in Huntington’s disease a) Family history of H’s d. b) Onset at a relatively young age c) Involuntary choreiform movements d) Slow progression of dementia F02.3 Dementia in Parkinson’s disease In severe cases, no particular distinguishing features Docsity.com F02 Dementia in Other Diseases Classified Elsewhere F02.4 Dementia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease a) HIV infection b) Complaints of forgetfulness, slowness, poor concentration, difficulties with problem-solving and reading c) Apathy, social withdrawal, affective disorder d) Neurological signs (tremor, ataxia, hyperreflexia,...) General paralysis of the insane (GPI – paralysis progressiva) Docsity.com F07 Personality and Behavioural Disorders Due to Brain Disease, Damage and Dysfunction F07.0 Organic personality disorder Diagnostic guidelines: a) Consistently reduced ability to persevere with goal-directed activities b) Altered emotional behaviour (emotional lability, euphoria, irritability, outbursts of anger and aggression,...) c) Expression of needs and impulses without consideration of consequences or social convention d) Cognitive disturbances e) Marked alteration of language production f) Altered sexual behaviour (hyposexuality, change of sexual preference) Docsity.com F07 Personality and Behavioural Disorders Due to Brain Disease, Damage and Dysfunction F07.1 Postencephalitic syndrome Residual behavioural change following recovery from encephalitis often reversible (apathy, irritability, some lowering of cognitive functioning, altered sleep pattern, a variety of neurological dysfunctions, …) F07.2 Postconcussional syndrome • Occurs following head trauma • Complaints of headache, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty in concentrating and performing mental tasks, impairment of memory, insomnia, reduced tolerance to stress, emotional excitement or alcohol, …(sometimes associated with compensation motives) Docsity.com Symptomatic Dementia 1. Pharmacogenic dementia (anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, cytostatics, ...) 2. Alcohol dementia (simplex, Korsakov, Wernicke sy) 3. Intoxicant dementia of other etiology (CO, Pb, Hg, AI, solvents) 4. Dementia at vitamin deficit (niacin-pellagra, vit. B12) 5. Dementia of endocrinne origin (hypothyreosis, Cushing sy) 6. Dementia due to dialysis Docsity.com