Overview of Metabolism - Biochemistry - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biochemistry

Download Overview of Metabolism - Biochemistry - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity! OVERVIEW OF METABOLISM Medical Biochemistry, Lecture 30 Docsity.com Lecture 30, Outline • Review metabolic fates of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids/fats • Discuss ATP and its role in metabolism • Harper’s Ch 17 primary source material Chapters 15 and 16, supplemental and review sources Docsity.com Figure 17-1 Types of Metabolic Pathways Catabolic Pathways produce free energy compounds Anabolic Pathways utilize these compounds Docsity.com Protein Fat Overview | Carbohydrate of Bia a Ae a Digestion and absorption ——-———4-—-—-—-—— Catabolism | Fatty acids + glycerol Simple sugars : Amino acids (mainly glucose) =————--——— < —- Catabolism -— al Acetyl-CoA 2H ——> ATP 200, Docsity.co Carbohydrate Metabolism: Fate of Glucose 1. Glycolysis (enzymatic breakdown and interconversions of carbon atoms derived from glucose) ultimately yields ATP and CO2 2. Converted to glycogen, a storage polymer of potential metabolic energy 3. Generates reducing equivalents (H+) for fatty acid synthesis and ribose for nucleotide synthesis (via the pentose phosphate pathway) 4. Triose phosphate can be metabolized to the glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols (fat) 5. Pyruvate (and other metabolites) can provide the carbon skeletons for some amino acids; acetyl CoA necessary for long chain fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis Docsity.com Figure 17-4 Lipid Metabolism Docsity.com Amino Acid Metabolism: Essential and Non-Essential 1. All amino acids can be provided by diet, but some must be specifically supplied since we do not possess biosynthetic enzymes to make them (essential amino acids) 2. Non-essential amino acids can be interconverted to other metabolic products via transamination and deamination reactions. Docsity.com Amino Acid Metabolism -— Diet protein | | —— Nonprotein Tissue | Meepoen | Amino acids (glucose) nitrogen derivatives ee Carbohydrate \ ) Ketone bodies [ Amino nitrogen in glutamate A DEAMINATION Acetyl-CoA Transport of Lipid Metabolites Glucose Fa atty _o acids Ketone bodies O 4 Teaner? g BLOOD PLASMA LE iz poprotein ipe i Af Fatty TG Glucose acids SS [ Ss TG MUSCLE SMALL INTESTINE Figure 17-8 Overview of Metabolic Pathways in a Liver Cell Docsity.com Table 9.4. Mechanisms of Enzyme Regulation ote UU wy AU VY activation or inhibition ~t mor i,¢ ting ge Amount of enzyme oresent  Muscle glycogen MUSCLE PHOSPHORYLASE Creatine phosphate CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE Creatine Glucose 6-P GLYCOLYSIS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AMP ATP ADP Muscle contraction MYOSIN ATPase ADP +P; ADENYLYL ADP KINASE Figure 58-14. The multiple sources of ATP in muscle. Docsity.com High Energy Bond Use in Cells 1. Glucose conversion to intermediates with high energy phosphates 2. ATP generated from oxidative phosphorylation 3. End-product of many pathways, Acetyl-CoA, contains a high-energy thioester 4. Transfer of phosphate to make other compounds 5. Energy of hydrolysis of ATP activates membrane transport processes 6. ATP hydrolysis energy converted to movement or force Docsity.com Electron Accepting Co-Enzymes NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) Docsity.com