PACKET 6 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Dance

Download PACKET 6 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Dance in PDF only on Docsity! Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 1 PACKET 6 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT All nouns and pronouns have number. They are singular in number if they refer to one thing. They are plural in number if they refer to more than one thing. A. When a word refers to one person or thing, it is singular in number. When a word refers to more than one, it is plural in number. Examples: hat, I, sky, principle (singular) hats, we, skies, principles (plural) B. A verb agrees with its subject in number. Two words agree when they have the same number. The number of the verb must always agree with the number of its subject. Examples: He fights. (singular subject and singular verb) Animals fight. (plural subject and plural verb) I. Singular subjects take singular verbs. Examples: The lightning fills the sky. (The verb fills is singular to agree with the singular subject lightning.) Linda begins her vacation today. (The verb begins is singular to agree with the singular subject Linda.) II. Plural subjects take plural verbs. Examples: Cheetahs run faster than most other animals. (The verb run is plural to agree with the plural subject cheetahs.) New families move into our neighborhood frequently. (The verb move is plural to agree with the plural subject families.) *** Notice that an -s ending is often a sign of the singular in the verb. Examples: He screams. Everyone sings. NOTE - When a sentence contains a verb phrase, it is the helping verb that agrees with the subject. Examples: The motor is running. The motors are running. Examples: The girl has been sick. The girls have been sick. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 2 Hints for subject-verb agreement I. (A) Cross out all prepositional phrases. Examples: Every one of the students try/tries hard. The windows in the house stick/sticks easily. (B) Cross out word groups within commas. Examples: The doctor, as well as the nurses, work/works hard. The girls, along with their dogs, walk/walks daily. (C) Cross out word groups beginning with either...or and neither..nor. Examples: Either the vase or the dish was/were a gift. Neither the teacher nor his students was/were here. II. Find the subject: (Remember, the subject cannot be one or the words that you crossed out in number I.) subject Examples: Every [one] of the students work/works hard. subject The [girls], along with their dogs walk/walks daily. subject Either the vase or the [dish] was/were a gift. III. Select the verb: (A) If the subject is singular, choose the verb ending in “s.” Examples: Every one of the students try/tries hard. The doctor, as well as the nurses, work/works hard. (B) If the subject is plural, choose the verb ending without the “s.” Examples: The windows in the house stick/sticks easily. The girls, along with their dogs, walk/walks daily. (C) If two subjects are joined by or or by nor, the verb usually agrees with the nearer subject. Examples: Either the vase or the dish was/were a gift. Neither the teacher nor his students was/were present. HINT: Try substituting they (plural pronoun), then use a plural verb (without “s”). Try substituting he, she, or it (singular pronouns), then use a singular verb (with “s”.) Doctor works Cat runs Windows stick (He) works (It) runs (They) stick Watch out especially for prepositional phrases beginning with of or in. Singular subject, so use verb with “s” Plural subject, so use verb without “s” Singular subject, so use verb with “s” Plural subject, so use verb without “s” Word groups between commas often begin with: as well as… with… along with… in addition to… including… Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 5 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT Exercise 1: In each of the following sentences, two verbs are written in parentheses. First locate and underline the subject. Then circle the one that agrees with the subject. Example: Cherry trees (lines, line ) the Potomac. 1. An electric computer (solves, solve) difficult problems quickly. 2. Many colleges (has, have) computers. 3. Over one hundred thousand forest fires (is, are) reported each year. 4. Sometimes lightning (causes, cause) fires. 5. Careless people (is, are) often at fault. 6. Forest rangers (says, say) that we can prevent forest fires. 7. Some Polynesian divers (descends, descend) almost forty-five feet without special equipment. 8. The owl's eyes (makes, make) it look wise. 9. Actually, the owl (sees, see) poorly during the day. 10. Every year scientists (discovers, discover) new drugs to fight diseases. PROBLEMS IN AGREEMENT In the previous exercise, it was easy to make the subjects and verbs agree because the verbs followed their subjects closely and the number of the subject was clear. However, a phrase may come between the subject and verb, creating an agreement problem, or the subject may be a pronoun, the number of which is hard to determine. A. Phrases between subject and verb I. Sometimes a prepositional phrase comes between the subject and verb in a sentence. Remember - the subject is not in the prepositional phrase. Therefore, put ( ) around the prepositional phrase. Then locate the subject and agree the verb with the subject. Examples: The special effects (in the movie) were particularly original. The lights (in the stadium) have been dimmed. Exercise 1: Put ( ) around prepositional phrases. Underline subject and circle the correct verb. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 6 1. The girls from John Carroll (is, are) arriving early for class. 2. The heads of state (arrive, arrives) for the conference. 3. The bag of golf balls (is, are) for practice. 4. The boxes of chalk (is, are) at the chalkboard. 5. A shipment of clothing (is, are) expected soon. 6. A little practice in the evenings (help, helps) us play better. 7. The little baby with the dimples (slide, slides) down the bank. 8. The problems with Bobby (has, have) to be solved. 9. A package from my daughters (was, were) left on the doorstep. 10. The courses in college (require, requires) a lot of studying. II. Sometimes phrases other than prepositional ones follow the subject. Usually they are set off by commas and are introduced by words and phrases like including, with, in addition to, together with, as well as, or accompanied by. The subject cannot be found in any of these phrases. Therefore, cross out any phrase set off by commas. Then locate the subject and agree the verb with the subject. Examples: Mother, along with Aunt Sue, (has, have) left for Canada. The successful candidate, including two of her aides, (has, have) entered the auditorium. FOR ALL REMAINING EXERCISES IN THIS PACKET FOLLOW THESE BASIC DIRECTIONS: 1) Cross out phrases set off by commas. 2) Put parentheses around prepositional phrases. 3) Locate and underline subject. (Use substitution method explained on Page 2.) 4) Circle the correct verb. Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. 1. Laura, together with Jesse, (sing, sings) the alto part. 2. The girls, as well as Tom, (hum, hums) quietly. 3. Mr. Michaels, with his two sons, always (win, wins) the trophy. 4. The estate, including the paintings, (was, were) sold. 5. Relaxation, along with good food, (has, have) improved her health. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 7 6. The agents, with their co-workers, (was, were) checking the story. 7. Sam, in addition to his brothers, (sleep, sleeps) in this tent. 8. The hunters, with their two guides, (like, likes) to stalk game. 9. Arteries, on the other hand, (carries, carry) the blood away. 10. The heart, along with the 100,000 miles of arteries and veins, (supplies, supply) the oxygen needed by all parts of the body. B. Compound Subjects A compound subject, you will recall, consists of two or more connected subjects having the same verb. When two subjects are connected by and, even if they are both singular, they are followed by a plural verb. Subjects joined by and take a plural verb. Hint: If the subject is plural, substitute the pronoun they for the plural subject. they Examples: A dictionary and a one-volume encyclopedia make a good beginning for a reference library. they Mr. Duffy and his daughter have gone fishing. Exception: A compound subject that refers to a single person or to two or more things considered as a unit (one thing) takes a singular verb. Examples: Gin and tonic is a popular drink.. (Gin and tonic is considered one drink.) A mother and homemaker has a challenging job. (One person is meant.) Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. 1. (Is, Are) New York and Chicago the two largest cities in the United States? 2. Sleet and some snow (is, are) predicted for tomorrow. 3. The dogs in the pound and their owners (was, were) reunited. 4. New words and new meanings for old words (is, are) included. 5. Your fingernail and a piece of glass (is, are) two means for testing hardness in minerals. 6. Both talc and gypsum (shows, show) a fingernail scratch. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 10 10. Someone form each class (attend, attends) the meeting. II. The following common words are plural: both, few, many, several. Examples: Few (of my neighbors) have parakeets. Many (of them) keep dogs as pets. Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. Notice that both singular and plural pronouns are tested. 1. Many of our group (has, have) had flu shots. 2. Everyone in the surrounding towns (was, were) warned about the epidemic. 3. Of the new cases, few (is, are) serious. 4. Neither of those paths (leads, lead) home. 5. Each of the stores (gives, give) gifts to our graduates. 6. Several in the group (doubts, doubt) the existence of intelligent life on other planets. 7. (Has, Have) either of you seen an ice hockey game? 8. In the corner (stands, stand) one of the suspects. 9. Many of the fans of football (think, thinks) about little else during the football season. 10. Both of the coaches of the varsity team (works, work) with the students every afternoon. Exercise 2: Follow the basic directions. Notice that both singular and plural pronouns are tested. 1. Either of the sopranos (sing, sings) the solo part in the operetta. 2. Both girls (has, have) different assignments. 3. Neither of the men (receive, receives) a high salary. 4. Few of them (want, wants) more coffee. 5. One of the pieces of jewelry (was, were) taken by the thieves. 6. Several of the bushes in our yard (bloom, blooms) early. 7. Someone with three dogs (walk, walks) by our house each day. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 11 8. Anyone leaving without permission (is, are) going to be in trouble. 9. Many of the participants in the contest (receive, receives) a ribbon. 10. Everybody (look, looks) ready for the party. Special Problems in Agreement There are a few other constructions that may pose special problems in agreement of subject and verb. This section will cover some of these. A. Collective Nouns Some nouns that are singular in form name a group of people or things: class, family, team, group, flock, for example. These nouns are called collective nouns. Examples: The jury was dismissed by the judge. The class has decided to have a science table in the room. The family is coming for dinner. Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. 1. The group (was, were) going on a trip. 2. That flock of geese (make, makes) a beautiful pattern in the sky. 3. The team (is, are) celebrating its victory. 4. In July the committee (make, makes) a decision about the location of the August picnic. 5. In the jungle, the herd often (stampede, stampedes). 6. Next week the Smith family (leave, leaves) for vacation. 7. Every summer the class (take, takes) many field trips. 8. The panel (choose, chooses) the topics for television. 9. (Is, Are) the group in charge of refreshments here yet? 10. The company (vote, votes) for a new president next month. B. Sentences beginning with HERE, THERE, or WHERE When the subject follows the verb, as in sentences beginning with there, here, or where, be careful to locate the subject and make sure that the verb agrees with it. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 12 Introductory words, such as here, there, and where are never subjects of sentences. In these sentences, the subject usually follows the verb. Examples: Here (come, comes) Stephanie and her brother. Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. 1. Here on your desk (is, are) the reports for your consideration. 2. Where (has, have) the dance been held other years? 3. There (is, are) four of us going to the fair. 4. There (has, have) been rumors of a strike. 5. Here in this room (is, are) the best paintings. 6. There (come, comes) the team. 7. Here (is, are) one of the five members of the club. 8. Here in class (is, are) the time to learn. 9. There in the hammock (lie, lies) Carl and his dog. 10. There (is, are) the senator and the congressman on the steps of the Capitol. C. Words Stating Amount Some words that are plural in form may be singular in meaning if they mean an amount of something. Examples: Thirty-five cents is enough for lunch today. (Although thirty-five cents is plural in form, it means a single amount of money. It takes a singular verb, is.) Two weeks never seems long enough for vacation. (Although two weeks is plural, it is thought of here as a single unit of time. It takes a singular verb, seems.) Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. 1. Two cups of flour (seems, seem) too much for that recipe. 2. Three days (was, were) all the time needed for the tour. 3. Two hours of homework in one subject (is, are) unfair. 4. Three weeks of rehearsal time usually (proves, prove) to be suffice 5. Fifty cents (is, are) more than enough for your allowance. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 15 3. Riding the rapids in Colorado (provide, provides) adventure. 4. Mowing lawns (furnish, furnishes) additional income for youngsters. 5. Shopping for school clothes often (test, tests) a mother's patience. 6. Running a few miles each day (is, are) a good form of exercise. 7. Washing windows (has, have) always been an unpleasant task. 8. Raking leaves often (turn, turns) into a fun activity. 9. Watching hours of television (hurt, hurts) a person's eyes. 10. Being open-minded (encourage, encourages) learning. H. I and you I and you take the plural form of the verb. The only exception to this rule is the singular verb am which is used exclusively with the pronoun I. Examples: I am going to school. You are going to school. Exercise 1: Follow the basic directions. 1. (Have, Has) you seen Mrs. Smith? 2. I (is, am) leaving -for my trip to Ohio on Monday. 3. (Do, Does) you want to go to the mall tomorrow? 4. I (know, knows) that you (has, have) been doing a lot of work. 5. During the night I usually (hear, hears) strange noises. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 16 REVIEW SECTION In each of the review exercises follow the basic directions and use any of the hints that apply. EXERCISE 1: 1. The citizens of this town (demand, demands) police protection. 2. Glenville's Glee Club always (give, gives) a fine concert. 3. Either Kathy or Dorothy (is, are) going. 4. Both Ruth and I (go, goes) to bed early. 5. The man, along with the two women, (was, were) delayed. 6. We (was, were) passed by six cars. 7. Few of the students (live, lives) in the dormitory. 8. The ice cream (melt, melts) at room temperature. 9. No one (has, have) stolen my secret ideas! 10. The first baseman and the catcher (has, have) made many errors. 11. Mrs. Laird (speak, speaks) with authority. 12. The guitar, accompanied by the bass viol, (play, plays) the tune. 13. Joe and his brother always (drink, drinks) too fast. 14. Thelma, as well as her sister, (is, are) good at sports. 15. Neither of my parents (is, are) home tonight. 16. The captain of the two teams (is, are) Dan. 17. Where (do, does) the Chester family live? 18. The golf team and the tennis team (win, wins) every match. 19. Why (do, does) Lisa and Tony disagree so much? 20. Mrs. Stum, together with her neighbors, (has, have) a sewing club. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 17 EXERCISE 2: 1. Someone (has, have) to do the work. 2. Steve, along with Jim and Cindy, (was, were) there. 3. Where (is, are) you going? 4. There (go, goes) Emily and Claire. 5. Each of the members (has, have) contributed. 6. Meg and her mother (is, are) in the store. 7. The set of rules (control, controls) the game. 8. Neither the boss nor her assistant (was, were) present. 9. Here (is, are) an old and famous landmark. 10. Ralph, along with his father, (is, are) attending the game. 11. One often (ask, asks) for help from others. 12. Where (has, have) you and Rachel worked during the summer? 13. The leader of the choir (sing, sings) tenor. 14. The helpers, as well as the leader, (has, have) to work well. 15. Everyone (hope, hopes) to find a special friend. 16. A sign of the times (is, are) the fashion in clothes. 17. There (is, are) opportunities for all. 18. The travelers, with their translators, (visit, visits) the museum. 19. The better of the two seats (has, have) been sold. 20. Where (is, are) my hat and coat? EXERCISE 3: 1. Unfortunately, my mother (doesn't, don't) get a vacation this year. 2. Many of the people in her shop (gets, get) only a few days. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 20 9. (Hasn't, Haven't) either of the officers submitted a written statement? 10. The news of his spectacular achievements (come, comes) as a surprise to all of us. 11. On the table (was, were) a pen, a pad of paper, and two rulers. 12. Either you or Marilyn (is, are) to be asked to preside at the meeting. 13. The team (has, have) reached a decision. 14. I (see, sees) your uncle and your cousin coming down the street. 15. There (is, are) many opportunities for part-time employment on campus. 16. (Is, Are) algebra and chemistry required courses? 17. One of his three instructors (has, have) resigned. 18. (Do, Does) either of the coaches expect the team to win the game? 19. Neither I nor my sisters (expect, expects) to graduate in June. 20. Two teaspoons of vanilla (is, are) needed in this recipe. WRITING SECTION 1. Write a sentence with a singular subject using one of the following 2 verbs: HOPE, HOPES. 2. Write a sentence with a plural subject using one of the following 2 verbs: SEEM, SEEMS. 3. Write a sentence with an “either-or” subject, placing a singular subject after or. Use one of the following 2 verbs: WRITE, WRITES. Packet 6.doc 1/06 Disk ZZ (52) 21 4. Write a sentence with a “neither-nor” subject, placing a plural subject after nor. Use one of the following 2 verbs: ALLOW, ALLOWS. 5. Write a sentence using a collective noun as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: TRAVEL, TRAVELS. 6. Write a sentence with an interrupting phrase (prepositional or one set off by commas) between the subject and the verb. Use one of the following 2 verbs: CLOSE, CLOSES. 7. Write a sentence with a compound subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: SEND, SENDS. 8. Write a sentence with a singular indefinite pronoun as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: PLACE, PLACES 9. Write a sentence with a plural indefinite pronoun as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: COLLECT, COLLECTS. 10. Write a sentence with the pronoun you as the subject. Use one of the following 2 verbs: RECEIVE, RECEIVES.