PADI advanced open water Study Guide., Exams of Physiology

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PADI advanced open water Study Guide Primary dive skill - ✔ Return safely Secondary dive skill - ✔ Anything beyond returning safely Four central dive skills [GHSTS] - ✔ Good habits Situational awareness Task loading Secondary objectives desire 3 dive skill effects [DSIRE] - ✔ Make dives: efficient Reduce risk Integrate with other skills Biggest mistake involving secondary objectives - ✔ Forgetting they are secondary Situational awareness - ✔ What's going on around you How it affects you The 3 actions of situational awareness - ✔ Analyzing organizing filtering what your senses perceive Primary goals of gas management - ✔ Don't run out Keep a reserve For basic divisions of gas - ✔ Outbound Return Ascent Reserve Outbound gas - ✔ -descend -carry out secondary objective Return gas - ✔ Return to assent point Ascent gas - ✔ Ascend Safety stop Exit Reserve gas - ✔ Problems/emergencies 3 SPG [TARget]pressures - ✔ Turn Ascent Reserve Situational awareness goes from.... - ✔ ..inward to outward Under stress thinking becomes what ? - ✔ Slow and impaired S.M.R.T.B.D habits - ✔ Safety checks Mask on Regulator Breathing Buoyancy Turn with time Dive within your limits underwater navigation reduces (c.a.b.s) - ✔ confusion anxiety buddy loss surface marathons two parts of navigation - ✔ where you're headed how far you've gone distance estimation [K.E.C.] - ✔ kick cycles elapsed time cylinder pressure natural navigation - ✔ observations in the environment predive observations [W.O.o.D.S.] - ✔ water motion objects/formations depth finder sun direction/ angle descend oriented to... - ✔ your travel direction natural references [flights of the ray] - ✔ light/shadow water movement composition contour plants/animals sound dive compass features [spit bit] - ✔ dampened response direction at tilt degree numbers readable in low light lubber lines bezel lubber line - ✔ your travel direction compass use tips [I STRUT N U NAP] - ✔ intentional error on long distance share responsibilities trust the compass remember priority understand limits take time natural references use patterns navigate around obstacles allow for current practice on land sharing nav responsibilities - ✔ compass buddy/depth buddy nav patterns - ✔ out and back lines squares/rectangles triangles circles out and back line - ✔ straight line out same line back setting reciprocal course - ✔ follow compass on single heading At turn point, turn bezel 180 degrees turn until needle is within index marks t pattern navigation [SVSMOR] - dive light first aid kit emergency oxygen xtra gas xtra weights computers on deep dives - ✔ read instructions stay within no stop limits No sharing ascend based on shortest no stop limit on buddy team computer failure - ✔ continue only if there is a backup computer. otherwise ascend w/safety stop dive computer misconceptions - ✔ measure actual nitrogen in body more reliable than tables more expensive is safer fine to push computer limits if buddies separate take steps to... - ✔ reunite steps after buddy seperation - ✔ search for a minute reunite on the surface why does buddy separation end dives - ✔ not enough gas not enough no stop time buddy proximity - ✔ stay within 2 seconds properly weighted you should float... - ✔ at eye level S.A.F.E. - ✔ slowly ascend from every dive descending head above feet.. - ✔ reduces vertigo/helps stay oriented how to stop hands free on a line - ✔ allow lock leg lock descent/ascent without visual reference - ✔ head above feet close to buddies (eye/touch contact) watch depth on computer watch ascent rate on cpu safety stop - ✔ 3 minutes 5meters/15ft before breaking surface on ascent... - ✔ reach up, turn or look around max ascent speed - ✔ 18 meters/60 feet per minute managing gas use - ✔ plan conservatively check frequently breath on a deep dive - ✔ slow from the abdomen enriched air nitrox - ✔ EANx increased oxygen decreased nitrogen drawback to nitrox - ✔ higher the oxygen= shallower usable depth wall dives - ✔ watch depth control buoyancy stay next to wall RDP - ✔ recreational dive planner gas nitrogen narcosis - ✔ gases penetrate the cell lipid structure usual depth of gas narcosis - ✔ 30-40 meters/100-130ft ✔ diver error reasons for getting DCS - ✔ mis use of dive cup exceeding proper ascent rates omitting emergency decompression stops ignoring predisposition factors not following conservative dive practices running put of gas skipping stops DCS symptoms (self) - ✔ pain numbness/tingling fatigue skin itch dizziness vertigo DCS symptoms (other) - ✔ favor arm / leg paralysis unconsciousness staggering collapse coughing blotchy skin timing of most DCS - ✔ on surface within one or two hours DCS predispositions - ✔ dehydration fat/fit age exertion injury/illness alcohol cold water hot shower after dive CO2 increase altitude exposure DCI first aid - ✔ oxygen lie down CPR if needed unresponsive/breathing=recovery position contact EMS treat for shock underwater navigation makes ______ more effective. - ✔ -Dive Plan -Gas When to check buoyancy - ✔ Unfamiliar dies gear enter New dive environment Getting back to diving Buoyancy weight check - ✔ Relax in vertical Position Deflated BCD Float at eye level Sync as you exhale 3 buoyancy variables - ✔ Suit compression Gas consumption depth change Trim - ✔ Attitude and position under water Streamlining - ✔ Reducing drag For reasons to wreck dive - ✔ Curiosity History Aquatic Imaging Hazards of Wreck diving - ✔ Sharp objects Entanglement Aquatic life Unstable structure Surge pockets Suction Depths of deep wrecks - ✔ 18 m /60'