PADI Open Water Exam Study Guide, Exams of Water Resources Planning and Management

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PADI Open Water Exam Study Guide 1 bar is what depth? - ans0m/0ft 2 bar is what depth? - ans33ft/10m 2 Types of aquatic interactions are - anspassive, active 3 bar is what depth? - ans66ft/20m 3 types of valves - ansK, J, DIN 4 bar is what depth? - ans99ft/30m 75% heat loss in body occurs in - anshead A regular redues high pressure cylinder air is ___ steps? - ans2 A rip current is recognised by - ansfoamy water, strong flow away from shore, disruption of waves Air is made up of - ansnitrogen and oxygen An upwelling tends to cause __ dive conditions - ansexcellent Aquatic life injuries are a result of - ansdiver carelessness As you descend colors go from... - ansRed -- blue As you go deeper you use your air ___? - ansfaster Avoid bottom contact by: - ansremaining neutrally buoyant, swimming with your feet up off the bottom Before diving, don't - ansdrink excessively the night before Best tidal level for diving is... - anshigh tide Carry a slate with you in order to communicate, carry info. T/F - ansTrue Collecting bags are useful for - anscollecting under water garbage carrying several objects are once Decompression illness implies - ansboth decompression sickness and lung over expansion injuries Do tides generate rip currents? - ansNo Do you always feel the pressure in body air spaces? - ansOnly if the pressure is different inside and outside the air spaces. Factors that affect visibility are - answater movement, weather, suspended particles, bottom composition Features of BCD - ansHold enough air large deflation hose low pressure inflation system relief valve comfortable fit Features of snorkel - anslarge bore not too long smooth round bends Features you look for in a mask - anslow profile nose or finger pockets wide vision field adjustable strap comfortable skirt tempered-glass lens plate First rule of diving - ansAlways breathe continuously Fresh water dive considerations include - ansdeep water, altitude, thermoclines, limited visibility How do you equalise air spaces in ears? - ansBlow and squeeze nose, wiggle jaw, swallowing How do you know a mask fits? - ans"Sniff" test How do you maintain air volume as you descend? - ansEqualize How do you navigate a straight line with a compass - ansPoint the lubber in your travel direction, put the index marks over the compass needle. How do you prevent water from entering your scuba tank? - ansNever completely drain it of air pressure SPG shows: - ansHow much air you have during dive Symptoms of contaminated air include - ansheadache, nausea, cherry red lips/nail beds Symptoms of decompression sickness - anslimb and joint pain mild tingling and fatigue paralysis and unconsciousness ' Symptoms of nitrogen narcosis include - ansfalse sense of security, foolish behavior, anxiety Symptoms of overexertion include - ansrapid breathing anxiety a feeling of suffocation The recommended general depth and time for a safety stop is: - ans5 metres for 3 minutes The rule of thumb is that you should stay within ___ of your dive flag, and boaters should stay ___ away. - ans15 metres, 30-60 metres To navigate a reciprocal heading, rotate the bezel so the ___ are exactly opposite the initial heading. - ansindex marks To prevent narcosis - ansdon't go on deep dives To prevent overexertion: - anspace yourself, know your limits, avoid prolonged heavy exertion Two factors influencing how much nitrogen you absorb include - ansdive time and depth Two most important selection factors when buying scuba equipment is? - ansfit and comfort Types of BCDs - ansfront mount, back mount, jacket style Underwater conditions that affect a diver include" - anssunlight temperature water movement bottom composition Underwater lights are taken down on day dives because they - ansrestore lost colors, are used to look in cracks and crevices Underwater Visibility is: - ansthe approximate distance you can see horizontally Underwater, sounds seem to come from ... - ansoverhead Uses for a dive float include - ansAssisting another diver resting supporting a dive flag carrying accessories Water absorbs light so... - ansit gets darker when you go deeper and colors become less vivid Water conducts heat about __ times faster than air does - ans20 What are cylinders made of - ansAluminum and steel What are hydrostatic tests? - ansTests expansion of cylinder in high pressure environment What are the most common sizes of cylinder capacity - ans8,10,12,15 litres What BCD is most commonly used? - ansjacket style What creates surge? How do you avoid it? - ansWaves, avoid by going deeper What do you do if you are tired and caught in a current while diving from a boat? - ansFill your BCD, drop your weights, signal for help, rest and wait for boat What do you do if you feel discomfort? - ansAscend until discomfort eases, equalise, continue descent slowly What do you do if you get caught in a current and carried downstream past exit point? - ansSwim across the current What do you do in a mild current? - ansStart your dive by slowly swimming into the current, swim underwater not surface What does buoyancy help with when you are at the surface? - ansFloatation, conserving energy What does buoyancy help with when you are underwater? - ansControlling where you are What does your nose need to be in the mask? - ansTo equalize What four primary causes generate surface and underwater currents? - ansWinds blowing over surface unequal heating and cooling of water tides waves What happens if you hold your breath during ascent? - ansLung over expansion, forces air into bloodstream and chest cavity, leading to paralysis or death. What happens if you take an air volume underwater with you in a flexible container or inverted jar? - ansAs pressure increases the volume decreases, same air but smaller space. What is a "squeeze"? - ansAs volume decreases, pressure pushes body tissues inwards toward air space, causing discomfort. Pressure outside air space is more than pressure inside air space. What is a reverse block? - ansWhen air cannot escape from a air space during ascent What is a thermocline? - ansA gradual change to a layer of colder water? What is DIN valve - ansScrew regulator into valve What is first stage? - ansConnect What is K valve - anssimple on/off valve What is mask equalisation? - ansexhale into mask by nose What is the J valve - anshas built in mechanism that signals when you are low on air What is the normal full pressure of a scuba tank? - ans200 bar What is the O-ring - ansLocated in valve, when cylinder and regulator connect forms air tight seal (O-ring) When is an object negatively buoyant? - ansWhen it displaces a volume of water weighing less than its own weight. When is an object neutrally buoyant? - ansWhen it displaces a volume of water weighing the same as its own weight. When is an object positively buoyant? - ansWhen it displaces a volume of water weighing more than its own weight. When you exhale what happens? - ansLung volume decreases so you have less buoyancy.