PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+, Exams of Nursing

Download PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Mikey, a 2-year-old boy, is sitting upright on a hospital bed in room 3 of your emergency department. Your initial impression from the door does not raise immediate concern. On your entry to the room, you are able to look at Mikey more closely and notice on inhalation his nostrils are flaring. This is a sign of: - Correct Answer Respiratory distress The proper site for a peripheral pulse assessment in the infant patient is: - Correct Answer brachial You are called to the scene of a 3-year-old patient who was found anxious, *cyanotic* and lethargic after a fall down a flight of stairs. On assessing the patient, you find vital signs with a respiratory rate of 30, regular pulse rate of 130, regular capillary refill time of 4 seconds, and a blood pressure of 102/61. What kind of shock is the patient experiencing? - Correct Answer compensate shock? A mnemonic that aids in performing a primary assessment is: - Correct Answer ABCDE A consideration of treatment for a pediatric patient with acute fulminant myocarditis who is in cardiac arrest or at a high risk of cardiac arrest is: - Correct Answer Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Which of the following is the correct meaning for one of the individual letters in the AVPU scale? - Correct Answer Alert - The child is alert and awake and responds to normal stimuli based upon age and environment The recommended route of vascular access on a hypotensive pediatric patient is: - Correct Answer central IV You are called to the bedside of a 12-year-old male patient who was admitted after a week of persistent vomiting, diarrhea and limiting oral intake of both solids and liquids. The patient's airway is patent, ventilatory rate is within normal limits and the patient's circulatory status presents with tachycardia, a blood pressure of 70/40 and a capillary refill time of 5 seconds. The patient is speaking incoherently. The patient has no history of cardiac problems or congenital defects. The appropriate fluid administration dose for this patient is: - Correct Answer 20 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl over 10 minutes You suspect your 8-year-old female patient of being hypovolemic. Her parents brought her to the emergency department with persistent vomiting and diarrhea for 5 days. The patient presents with *mottled skin* and reports of periods where "she just stopped breathing!" according to her parents. The patient is being PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ You arrive on scene to assess a 9-year-old boy who was stung by a bee. The patient is found to be suffering from urticaria and is displaying respiratory distress with a presentation of nasal flaring, tachypnea and accessory muscle use. The patient's mother relates he has never had an allergic reaction to a bee sting, but his father is gravely allergic to bee stings. The patient relates it is hard to breathe. While gathering your initial set of vital signs you note the patient has a room air SpO2 is 90%. This finding classifies the patient as: - Correct Answer When the blood is insufficiently oxygenated, hypoxemia can occur. Hypoxemia is a decreased saturation of oxyhemoglobin (oxygenated hemoglobin) in the blood. A noninvasive method of estimating arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is pulse oximetry, which calculates the saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2). In a normal child, a room air measurement below 94% indicates hypoxemia. You are called to the scene of a 7-month-old with altered mental status. On obtaining the patient's vital signs, you note a pulse of 58 beats per minute. The mother tells you the patient was born with an atrial ventricular defect. What kind of bradycardia is the patient in? - Correct Answer primary brad Which of the following is an element of the mechanics of respiration? - Correct Answer The mechanics of respiration are composed of: airway resistance (upper and lower), lung compliance, muscles of respiration, and central nervous system control of breathing. PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ While caring for a child admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), recently drawn lab values return with no issues noted in the CBE or chem panel. However, in the ABG you note a PaO2 of 40mmHg and a pH of 7.20. This patient is: - Correct Answer Hypoxic and acidotic Which of the following is a form of distributive shock? - Correct Answer Anaphylactic shock A child with an upper airway obstruction caused by infection-induced edema should not receive suction and instead be placed in a comfortable position and given what medication? - Correct Answer Nebulized e While assessing a pediatric patient using the ABCDE algorithm, life-threatening conditions associated with the letter E for Exposure are: - Correct Answer Severe hypothermia, substantial bleeding, petechiae, or purpura indicating septic shock The preferred initial method of removing a foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive patient less than one year of age is: - Correct Answer Back blows and chest thrusts PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ What medication should be administered for severe cases of croup with imminent respiratory failure? - Correct Answer Dexamethasone Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can cause hypoventilation or __________. - Correct Answer Apnea During a resuscitation, it is important that all members of the team understand the concept of: - Correct Answer Each member of the team caring for a pediatric patient must understand his role and the role of other members. In most pediatric resuscitation efforts, there is one team leader who will ensure that everything gets done by the right person at the right time. You are serving in the capacity of team leader during the resuscitation of a pediatric medical patient. Which of the items listed below is a responsibility of the team leader? - Correct Answer Assign roles to team members The best vasoactive agent for a child in warm septic shock is: - Correct Answer NoE PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Which of the statements about supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is correct? - Correct Answer The clinical presentations demonstrate that children and infants lack the ability to tolerate this rhythm well. The mother of a 9-year-old patient reports that her son was playing with a friend when he collapsed while running. At the patients side, you apply an AED and deliver one shock. The patient regains a pulse but remains unresponsive. you successfully place an ETT. There is no evidence of shock or trauma. Your target range for SpO2 is: - Correct Answer 94% - 99% Which of the following rhythms is non-shockable? - Correct Answer asystole You and your team are treating a 9-year-old patient who is tachycardic. She has a heart rate of 184 and is short of breath but still able to speak in full sentences and is able to follow commands. Emergency intervention for this patient intially is __________. - Correct Answer The patient is conscious, able to speak in full sentences and is able to follow commands, attempting vagal maneuvers first is appropriate for this patient. PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ If bradycardia is the result of a complete heart block or an abnormal sinus node function, what therapy is recommended? - Correct Answer cardiac pacing The correct IV epinephrine dose for the symptomatic bradycardia patient is: - Correct Answer Administration of epinephrine for continuing symptomatic bradycardia via IV/IO is 0.01 mg/kg (1:10,000: 0.1 ml/kg). You arrive on scene to a 4-year-old child who presents *pulseless* and apneic with high-quality CPR being performed and vascular access established. Which is your next intervention? - Correct Answer epinephrine Define tachypnea: - Correct Answer Tachypnea is defined as an elevated breathing rate for age What is the most common pre-arrest rhythm in children? - Correct Answer Bradyarrhythmia Which of the following is a lower airway obstruction? - Correct Answer bronchiolitis PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ You are called to the bedside of a patient admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for a 22-month-old patient in severe respiratory distress. The patient has a patent airway, is tachypneic with an increased work of breathing, has as a pulse rate of 150 beats per minute, with no neurologic deficits, and is normothermic. What mnemonic should be used to aid the performance of a secondary assessment? - Correct Answer SAMPLE The chief purpose of the respiratory system is to: - Correct Answer exchange gases Treatment of obstructive shock includes which of the following? - Correct Answer Look for and treat causes of obstructive shock You are administering a bolus of normal saline to a 16 kg child. The appropriate volume is: - Correct Answer 320 (20 x 16) What can cause head-bobbing in the infant patient? - Correct Answer Increased respiratory effort Hypoxemic ischemia results from: - Correct Answer caused by arterial or arteriolar obstruction or vasoconstriction PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Which of the roles listed does data show have no impact on patient survival in an in-hospital cardiac arrest? - Correct Answer medical response team? The most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children is: - Correct Answer Respiratory inadequacy causing hypoxia You are assessing a 5-year-old patient with acute respiratory distress. You note a change in the patient's mental status as well as a decrease in the patients heart rate from 150 beats per minute to 66 beats per minute. You also note that the patients respiratory rate is currently 6 breaths per minute. Your immediate intervention is: - Correct Answer When an adult, child or infant has a pulse but is not breathing effectively, rescuers should give breaths without chest compressions. For infant and children, give 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds, about 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Which of the following statements is correct concerning respiratory management during post-resuscitation? - Correct Answer Appropriate PaCO2 level is relative to clinical circumstances. For example, children with asthma and respiratory failure may respond poorly (increased morbidity) to rapid correction of PaCO2 with mechanical ventilation. A normal PaCO2 is preferred for patients with neurologic conditions. PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Which of the following is suggested treatments for septic shock? - Correct Answer Aggressive fluid therapy Which of the following statements concerning cardiac arrest is correct? - Correct Answer Uninterrupted CPR is critical when managing cardiac arrest Cardiogenic shock results from: - Correct Answer Poor heart contractions Sinus tachycardia occurs in response to an increased need for oxygen and cardiac output. A common cause of sinus tachycardia include: - Correct Answer Tissue hypoxia Which of the following statements about tachycardia is relative to the pediatric patient? - Correct Answer Sinus tachycardia (ST) is a tachycardic rhythm produced by an increased rate of sinus node discharge. Sinus tachycardia occurs in response to an increased need for oxygen and cardiac output. Sinus tachycardia is not a constant rate, but instead varies as the need for oxygen varies. Sinus tachycardia occurs in response to an increased energy level, but is also a response to many common conditions. There is no indication that this rhythm may lead to cardiac arrest. PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Emergently using a paralytic agent such as succinylcholine for securing the airway in a pediatric patient may cause bradycardia. What medication and dose would you provide as a premedication for the possible development of bradycardia? - Correct Answer Atropine 0.02 mg/kg IV What may a provider expect to notice on a pediatric patient with a diagnosis of lung tissue disease? - Correct Answer tachypnea tachycardia rise in respiratory effort grunting hypoxemia crackles reduced breath sounds Distributive shock results from: - Correct Answer abnormal distribution of blood Your 4-year-old patient is unresponsive and has no spontaneous ventilations. CPR is being provided and you notice the patient is in a pulseless wide complex PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ that everything possible to bring the patient back to life has been implemented. In addition to quelling suspicion about behind-closed-doors resuscitation efforts and unrealistic expectations of such efforts, the family member's presence may offer the opportunity for a last goodbye and help that person grasp the reality of death, with the hope that the bereavement process will not be prolonged or complicated by pathologic mourning or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Which of the following statements is correct concerning the treatment of hypovolemic shock? - Correct Answer Aggressive fluid therapy within the first hour produces the best outcomes Your patient presents unresponsive and in coarse ventricular fibrillation. CPR is being performed and the patient has been shocked once. Your patient remains in ventricular fibrillation. The next dose for electrical therapy is: - Correct Answer 4 J/kg After administering two fluid boluses to a patient who was initially hypotensive, the patient is still extremely lethargic. What would your next diagnostic test be? - Correct Answer glucose PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ Which of the following is a reversible cause of bradycardia? - Correct Answer Toxins/poisons/drugs You are participating in the resuscitation of a 6-month-old patient weighing 7 kilograms who is in pulseless electrical arrest (PEA). High quality CPR is being administered, IV access has been obtained and BLS ventilations are working well. The team leader orders epinephrine 1:10,000 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg IV with a 20ml saline flush. On receiving this order from the team leader as the person in charge of medications you should: - Correct Answer recheck order dosage (0.01mg/kg for pusless IV) You should immediately start compressions if the pediatric patient has a heart rate below ___ beats per minute and is showing signs of cardiorespiratory compromise. - Correct Answer 60 Your patient presents in the emergency department with her parents. She is 4 years old and had eaten a cookie at the neighbor's house this morning. The patient has no medical history and a possible allergy to peanuts. The patient presents as anxious with her focus appearing to be on breathing. Her breathing effort is increased and labored with accessory muscle usage. The patient exhibits audible stridor. The patient further presents with peripheral cyanosis to the lips, PALS Final Review Best Study Guide Latest Update 2023\2024 Rated A+ hands and feet. What is the assessment tool you used to find this presentation? - Correct Answer PATs While assessing a patient brought to you by very frantic parents, you note the patient to be alert to loud verbal stimuli only, tachypneic, tacyhcardic, exhibiting an increase in work of breathing, audible expiratory *wheezing and pale*. This patient is presenting with the clinical signs of: - Correct Answer respiratory distress You are evaluating a 3-year-old female patient in the emergency department. Her parents brought her in for an evaluation of increasing cough, difficulty breathing, sputum and now increased irritability. On assessing your patient, you note a temperature of 100.4 F, respiratory rate of 38, and a room air SpO2 of 93%. With this information you can infer that the patient's airway resistance is: - Correct Answer increased