PARTS OF SPEECH, Exams of Latin

Download PARTS OF SPEECH and more Exams Latin in PDF only on Docsity! PARTS OF SPEECH Latin, as English, has eight parts of speech: · NOUN · PRONOUN · ADJECTIVE · VERB · ADVERB · CONJUNCTION · PREPOSITION · INTERJECTION Noun - the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. · Gender: In English gender has faded for most nouns, except for special uses (e.g., ships). Latin retains gender distinctions for all nouns, some natural (e.g., puella) and some grammatical (terra). · Nouns are sometimes called substantives because they were once thought to denote the substantia (essential nature) of a person or thing. Pronoun - a word used in place of a noun. · Personal pronoun - I, you, he, she, it, they, etc. · Reflexive pronoun - refers to subject of sentence (He saw himself). · Interrogative pronoun - Who, whom, whose, what? · Demonstrative pronoun - This, that, these, those. · Relative pronoun - Who, etc. (in subordinate clauses). · Possessive pronoun - Mine, yours, his, hers etc. · Indefinite pronoun - Some(one), some(thing). Adjective - a word that describes a noun or pronoun. · Descriptive - terra pulchra (a beautiful land). · Possessive - mater tua (your mother). · Interrogative - quae dea . . . ? (what goddess . . . ?) · Demonstrative - hoc consilium (this plan). · Indefinite - aliqua spes (some hope). Verb - a word that expresses an action or condition. · Transitive verb - takes a direct object to complete its meaning. It necessarily affects some person or thing or produces some result. Thus, the statements interficio (I kill) or aedificio (I build) are not complete until it is clear whom I kill or what I build. · The person or thing affected or effected by the action of the verb is the direct object and is always in the accusative case.