Parts of the Heart and their Functions (REVIEWER), Study notes of Anatomy

Download Parts of the Heart and their Functions (REVIEWER) and more Study notes Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! Cardiovascular System: Parts of the Heart The human heart is a muscular organ located in the chest, slightly left of the center. It plays a crucial role in pumping blood throughout the body. Here are the main parts of the heart: <a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/human-heart-anatomy-illustration_9500501.htm">Image by pongpongching</a> on Freepik Parts Function 1. Brachiocephalic trunk  a.k.a brachiocephalic artery or innominate artery  A significant blood vessel in the human body that emerges from the aortic arch  Relatively short and divides into 2 main branches: namely the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery  Is essential for getting oxygen-rich blood to the body's upper extremities, head, and neck. 2. Superior vena cava  A major vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the upper body  A significant systemic circulation vein  Fusion of the veins from the upper limbs, head, and neck,  where the superior vena cava begins, and it empties into the right atrium of the heart.  Main job- move blood from the upper body's high carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels to the heart,  where it will be oxygenated and circulated further throughout the body 7. Right Atrium  One of the heart's four chambers  Situated in the upper right corner of the muscle  After the blood enters the right atrium, it contracts and pushes the blood via the tricuspid valve, a one-way valve that   hinders backflow, into the right ventricle  Plays a major part in the movement of blood with low oxygen content from the body to the lungs 8. Right coronary artery  One of the primary arteries that supply blood to the heart is the right coronary artery (RCA)  Along with the left coronary artery, it is one of the two main coronary arteries  Runs over the surface of the heart in a groove known as the coronary sulcus or atrioventricular groove. -It originates from the right aortic sinus, a branch of the aorta (the body's major artery  The right atrium, right ventricle, and a component of the heart's electrical conduction system are the main recipients of blood from the right coronary artery.  Divides into smaller arteries and arterioles that supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygenated blood and other nutrients  The natural pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial (SA) node, is likewise supplied with blood via the RCA  Coronary artery disease (CAD) can develop if the right coronary artery becomes partially or blocked as a result of atherosclerosis or a blood clot. -RCA blockages can result in angina (chest pain), heart attacks, or other heart-related issues depending on their location and degree of severity.  A significant blood channel that is essential for giving oxygenated blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and the electrical system of the heart 9. Anterior cardiac vein  a tiny blood artery that can be found on the heart's anterior surface  One of the coronary veins that help the heart muscle expel deoxygenated blood.  plays a part in coronary circulation, assisting in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle as well as the removal of waste products 10. Right ventricle Deoxygenated blood from the right atrium is pumped into the pulmonary arteries, which carry the blood to the lungs, by the right ventricle. 11. Marginal artery  A.k.a marginal branch or the artery of Vieussens  A blood vessel that is a component of the system that circulates blood in the heart  It is a branch of either the right or left coronary artery, which is the principal blood vessel supplying the heart muscle with oxygen  The left ventricle's lateral walls, in particular, are supplied with blood by the marginal artery, which runs along the surface of the heart.  vital for preserving the right amount of blood flow to the heart and guaranteeing that cardiac tissue is adequately oxygenated.  It acts as a crucial collateral conduit, which means that if other coronary arteries become partially or completely clogged, it can offer a different path for blood flow.  With less blood flowing to the heart muscle, myocardial ischemia can cause angina (chest discomfort) or a heart attack (myocardial infarction), however collateral circulation can help avoid or lessen its severity.  a crucial part of the coronary circulation system that supports the heart's general health and function 12. Small cardiac vein  A blood vessel that is a part of the cardiovascular system  It is a relatively small vein that runs parallel to the right coronary artery along the surface of the  In order to get oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, it is an essential part of the circulatory system.  Before continuing downhill as the descending aorta, the aortic arch gives rise to significant branches that feed blood to the head, neck, and upper extremities. 17. Ligamentum arteriosum  A tiny fibrous band situated in the body  It is a piece of the ductus arteriosus, a blood conduit that links the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the growing fetus.  The ligamentum arteriosum develops when the ductus arteriosus shuts shortly after birth.  Its purpose is to support structurally and maintain the pulmonary artery and aorta in place.  As a vestigial structure, the ligamentum arteriosum has no functional significance to an adult's circulatory system. 18. Left pulmonary artery  The left pulmonary artery is a blood vessel that travels from the heart to the left lung, transferring blood that is low in oxygen.  It comes from the right ventricle of the heart and divides from the major pulmonary artery.  Blood is delivered to the left lung by the left pulmonary artery, where it is oxygenated in the capillaries of the lung.  The pulmonary veins carry the blood back to the heart once it has been oxygenated. 19. Left pulmonary veins  A collection of blood vessels  Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart’s left atrium  In charge of returning blood to the heart from the pulmonary capillaries in the left lung  An important part of the body's ability to circulate oxygen-rich blood is played by the left pulmonary veins. 20. Auricle of the left atrium  The left atrium's auricle is a tiny, ear-like feature that can be seen on the front surface of the chamber.  Its major purpose is to expand the left atrium's overall capacity, enabling it to store more blood.  This helps the left ventricle fill up quickly, effectively pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.  The auricle supports healthy blood flow and enhances the heart's ability to pump blood throughout the body. 21. Circumflex artery  A blood vessel that emerges from the left coronary artery and feeds the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood.  Named for its curved or "circumflex" course around the heart’s left side  The left atrium and ventricle of the heart receive blood from the circumflex artery.  Chest pain or other signs of heart disease may be brought on by blockages or constriction in the circumflex artery, which can result in decreased blood supply to the heart. 22. Left coronary artery (LCA)  A significant artery that leaves the aorta and carries blood oxygenated to the left side of the heart  It divides into two major arteries: the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCx)  While the LCx delivers blood to the back of the heart, the LAD provides blood to the front and left sides.  Plays a critical part in supporting the heart's normal function by providing oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle 23. Left ventricle  One of the four heart chambers  Responsible for supplying the body's rest with oxygenated blood