Nutrition Exam: Energy and Metabolism in Animals - Prof. Michael Vandehaar, Exams of Animal Biology

Download Nutrition Exam: Energy and Metabolism in Animals - Prof. Michael Vandehaar and more Exams Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ANS 313 2013. Exam 2. Name: _See key on page 3 ______________ Lab group code: ______ Sit every other seat. No notes. No talking. No texting. No phones. No fancy calculators. No hats (or flip bill backwards). Eyes forward. Simple calculators are okay. Complete a scantron with ID and signature. 2 pts per question. True/False. 1. For a giant panda, the gross energy (GE) value of protein is about 5.7 kcal per gram. 2. The compound responsible for most of the energy lost in urine is urea. 3. If a food has 20% CP, 20% NDF, and 10% fat, it must be 50% non-fiber carbohydrate (starch and sugar). 4. The energy value of fat is about 6.25 times the energy value of starch. 5. Most animals can synthesize most fatty acids found in the body from glucose. 6. A lactating horse should be able to tolerate hot weather better than a horse at maintenance because milk secretion is a great way to lose body heat. 7. In a growing puppy, Digestible Energy – Urinary Energy = Total Heat Production + Retained Energy (assume no gas) 8. A dog can live quite healthy and well for a long time eating a carbohydrate-free diet as long as it is fed plenty of protein. 9. The lactate produced in anaerobic glycolysis is transported to mammary gland where it is converted to lactose. 10. The gross efficiency of energy use in an adult goat at maintenance intake likely will be about 15%. Multiple choice. Choose one best answer per question. 11. For which of the following food components would the GE and ME values (kcal/g) be most similar? a. protein b. fiber c. starch d. GE and ME values are similar for all of these 12. This compound accounts for most of the energy lost as gas energy in an old horse. a. methane b. hydrogen c. carbon dioxide d. ammonia e. urea 13. A growing llama retains 20 g of protein and 10 g of fat. How much retained energy (kcal/day) would this equal? a. 30 b. 110 c. 170 d. 210 e. none of these is within 10% 14. A growing llama retains 20 g of protein and 10 g of fat. How much body weight gain (grams) would you expect? a. 30 b. 110 c. 170 d. 210 e. none of these is within 10% 15. Metabolic body size is (BW = kg body weight): a. BW0.75 b. 0.75 x BW c. 70 x BW0.75 d. none of these 16. Metabolic body size is important in nutrition because it is highly correlated with an adult animal’s: a. oxygen consumption b. fasting heat production c. NEm requirement d. all of these e. none of these 17. Which of the following contribute to an animal’s maintenance requirement? a. the work of the diaphragm to inhale air into the lungs after you have slept for 6 hours b. the extra work of the heart to pump blood for increased oxygen delivery to the gut after a meal c. the work of the kidneys to excrete excess dietary N d. all of these e. none of these 18. Which statements are true about energy requirements and environmental temperature? a. energy requirements increase in very cold temperatures b. energy requirements decrease in very hot temperatures c. no changes occur in energy requirements with change in temperature d. both a and b e. all of these 19. Within an animal’s thermoneutral zone, it maintains ideal body temperature with no extra metabolic work by: a. regulating respiration rate b. drinking ice water c. regulating blood flow in the skin d. shivering 20. This volatile fatty acid is produced during fermentation and is a major glucogenic substrate for some herbivores. a. acetate b. propionate c. butyrate d. fumarate e. lactose 21. A beef steer has not eaten all night and eats a high grain meal at 8 AM. Which process is higher after the meal than before? a. glycogen synthesis b. gluconeogenesis c. fatty acid synthesis d. all of these e. none of these 22. After 5 days of no food, most of the energy required to keep an animal alive comes from stored a. glycogen b. fat c. protein d. cartilage e. none of these 23. Which lipoprotein carries triglycerides from the intestines to peripheral tissues like muscle and adipose tissue? a. chylomicrons b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL e. triglyceralbumin 24. A cheetah is sprinting after an impala. Which organ or tissue must have glucose to fuel its metabolism? a. brain b. red blood cells c. skeletal muscle d. all of these e. none of these 25. Carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids can all be metabolized to this compound. a. glucose b. pyruvate c. glycogen d. alanine e. none of these 26. Which of the following compounds is never used for net production of glucose? a. stearic acid b. propionic acid c. lactic acid d. fructose e. methionine 27. A squirrel searches all day but can find no nuts and eats nothing. What would be the major source of its blood glucose? a. absorbed glucose b. gluconeogenesis c. glycolysis d. glycogenolysis e. none of these 28. Which of the following tissues does NOT require glucose: a. red blood cells in a person oversleeping after cramming all night for an exam b. cardiac muscle in a person while they are taking the exam c. brain tissue in a person while they are taking the exam d. red blood cells in a person walking slowly back home after the exam 29. Bucky the cat eats as much of a high energy cat food as he wants every day. After 3 years, he will probably develop: a. muscular dystrophy b. ketosis c. obesity d. hypoglycemia ANS 313 2013. Exam 2. Name: _See key on page 3 ______________ Lab group code: ______ 30. Fatty liver is most likely to occur in: a. chickens eating lots of starch b. cats eating lots of protein c. dogs eating lots of fat d. piglets drinking lots of milk 31. Modern broiler breeds of chickens grow much faster than their ancestors. This increases feed efficiency because of the: a. Law of Lavosier b. Phenomenon of heat increment c. Conservation of energy d. Dilution of maintenance 32. A broiler diet contains 15% corn oil as one of the ingredients. Assuming all nutrients are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? a. high profit b. lean carcass c. rapid growth d. cheap feed costs 33. A broiler diet contains 20% wheat midds and 50% more protein than required. Assuming all other nutrients are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? a. high profit b. lean carcass c. rapid growth d. high value carcass Questions 34-35. Assume a pig’s thermoneutral zone is 15º to 25º C when it is consuming 1000 g of food per day. Assume this is about 2X maintenance and assume this is as much feed as the pig wants to eat. The pig gains 400 g/d when the effective ambient temperature is 20º C. Answer choices are: a. < 380 g/d b. 400 g/d c. 420 g/d d. >440 g/d 34. How much will the pig gain when the temperature is 25º C, assuming it eats as much as it wants? 35. How much will the pig gain when the temperature is 35º C, assuming it eats as much as it wants? Questions 36-40. Farmer Legrange has 400 lactating dairy cows each eating at 2X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. Farmer de Boer has 200 cows each eating at 4X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. All the extra NEL above maintenance is captured as milk. For each question, possible answers are: a. Legrange (2X) b. de Boer (4X) c. There is almost no difference between the two. 36. Which farm uses the most feed per day? 37. Which farm produces the most milk per day? 38. Which farm produces the most chemical energy waste (methane, fecal and urinary energy) per cow? 39. Which farm produces the most chemical energy waste (methane, fecal and urinary energy) per liter of milk? 40. Whose cows are most likely to be heat stressed during the summer? Questions 41-45. Bucky the obese cat is fed a canned food that has no starch, 40% protein, and 20% fat. One day he gets accidently locked in the basement and has no food for 10 days. (He can get water from the sump crock) 41. The major source of blood glucose at point A is: a. hydrolyzed starch b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. glycogen 42. The major source of blood glucose at point B is: a. hydrolyzed starch b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. glycogen 43. The primary metabolic fuel of red blood cells at point C is: a. glucose b. amino acids c. ketones and/or fatty acids 44. When will heat production per minute be the greatest? a. point A b. point C c. it won’t really change 45. Bucky is at risk for which health problem on day 10? a. diabetes b. fatty liver c. dehydration d. kidney stones Questions 46-50. Use the following data from growing cattle fed a test diet with 4.0 kcal GE per gram of dry matter. Level of Feeding: Fasted 1X Maint 2X Maint Dry matter (DM) intake, kg/day 0 5.0 10.0 Fecal energy output, Mcal/day 0.0 4.0 10.0 Urine and gas output, Mcal/day 0.0 5.0 9.0 Total heat production, Mcal/day 8.0 11.0 16.0 46. What is DE intake at 2X intake, Mcal/day a. 8 b. 11 c. 16 d. 30 e. none of these is within 10% 47. What is ME intake at 1X intake, Mcal/day a. 8 b. 11 c. 16 d. 30 e. none of these is within 10% 48. What is NE maintenance requirement, Mcal/day a. 8 b. 11 c. 16 d. 30 e. none of these is within 10% 49. What is the NEgain value of the diet, Mcal/ kg of DM? a. 0.5 b. 1.0 c. 1.6 d. 2.2 e. none of these is within 10% 50. When the cattle are fasted their thermoneutral zone is 60 to 85 º F. What might it be at 2X intake? a. 40 to 70º b. 40 to 85º c. 40 to 95º d. 60 to 85º e. 70 to 95º Please complete your name and PID corectly on the scantron. If they are wrong, you will lose 5 points. Please fill in the circles on your scantron to show that you are taking Form 1D of this exam. Glucose entry rate 0 1 2 3 4 days A B C