Medical Case Studies: Analyzing Various Health Conditions, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download Medical Case Studies: Analyzing Various Health Conditions and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! Patho midterm Exam 2024 Updates • Question 1 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selecte d Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing? Selecte d Answer: Lead poisonin g • Question 3 Where is two thirds of the body's water found? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Intracellular fluid compartments • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selecte d Answer: F o reignnes s • Question 5 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selecte d Answer: Hemosider os is • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty- 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where does this bifurcation occur? Selecte d Answer: Cari n a • Question 13 0 out of 1 points A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Selecte d Answer: Ir o n • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selecte d Answer: Disten ti on • Question 15 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selecte d Answer: Progressive ECG changes • Question 16 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: R e tention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance • Question 17 What are blood pressure variations associated with? Selected b 1-Adrenergic receptors to increase 0 out of 1 points Answer: heart rate • Question 18 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Selecte d Answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes • Question 19 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Selecte d Answer: Antibioti c therapy • Question 20 Which renal change is found in older adults? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons • Question 21 1 out of 1 points During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur? Selecte d Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell. • Question 22 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selecte d Answer: points A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Selecte d Answer : Low concentrations of anaerobes, such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria, and Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain. • Question 29 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selecte d Answer: Hepati c functio n • Question 30 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selecte d Answer: Ventilatory pattern is regular and rhythmic. • Question 31 Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Glycolys i s • Question 32 When renin is released, it is capable of which action? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Formation of angiotensin I • Question 33 How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity? 0 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Angiotensin II activity is decreased. • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selecte d Answer: The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. • Question 35 • Question 41 What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? 0 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Breaking down proteins into amino acids • Question 42 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 0 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer • Question 43 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? 1 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. • Question 44 1 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? Selecte d Answer: Level of protection provided by IgG • Question 45 0 out of 1 points A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? Selecte d Answer: 126 mg/dL • Question 46 1 out of 1 points The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selecte d Answer: Prevalen c e • Question 47 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selecte d Answer: Somatost at in • Question 48 1 out of 1 points It has been determined that a patient's tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient? Selecte d Answer: Cancer is locally invasive. • Question 49 0 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selecte d Answer: Exogenous pyrogens • Question 50 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selecte d Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 51 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? 1 out of 1 points A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selecte d Answer: A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis. • Question 58 1 out of 1 points Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? Selecte d Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. • Question 59 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 0 out of 1 points Selecte d Answer: To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer • Question 60 0 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selecte d Answer: Down syndrom e • Question 61 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? Selecte d Answer: These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. • Question 62 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected A Answer: B • Question 63 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selecte d Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules • Question 64 1 out of 1 points Answer: years • Question 70 1 out of 1 points A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best? Selecte d Answer : Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. • Question 71 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selecte d Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin- sensitive tissues • Question 72 0 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selecte d Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node • Question 73 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selecte d Answer: Alpha fetoprotei n • Question 74 1 out of 1 points Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms? Selecte d Answer: Bacter i a • Question 75 1 out of 1 points A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best? Selecte d Answer: Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface. • Question 76 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Selecte d Answer: Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long protection. • Question 77 1 out of 1 points A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be mostconsistent with this reading? Selecte d Answer: Pink, frothy sputum • Question 78 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selecte d Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent • Question 79 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selecte d Answer: natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selecte d Answer: Virus e s • Question 86 1 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selecte d Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease • Question 87 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition? Selecte d Answer: We will have to drain the pus out of your pleural space. • Question 88 1 out of 1 points A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for? Selecte d Answer: Hypersecretion of aldosterone • Question 89 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selecte d Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation • Question 90 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selecte d Answer: Salivation decreases. • Question 91 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selecte d Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. • Question 92 1 out of 1 points