Patient Care - Radiology Exam Review [ARRT] - [Appelton & Lange Review], Exams of Medicine

Download Patient Care - Radiology Exam Review [ARRT] - [Appelton & Lange Review] and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! Patient Care - Radiology Exam Review [ARRT] - [Appelton & Lange Review] A nosocomial infection is a(n) (A) infection acquired at a large gathering. (B) upper respiratory infection. (C) infection acquired in a hospital. (D) type of rhinitis. -         Infection acquired in a hospital. Which of the following patient rights is violated by discussing privileged patient information with an individual who is not involved with the patient's care? 1. The right to considerate and respectful care 2. The right to privacy 3. The right to continuity of care (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only -         The Right To Privacy The most effective method of sterilization is (A) dry heat. (B) moist heat. (C) pasteurization. (D) freezing. -         Moist heat. A radiographer who discloses confidential information to unauthorized individuals may be found guilty of (A) invasion of privacy. (B) slander. (C) libel. (D) defamation. -         Invasion of privacy. Hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) and Lysol are examples of (A) antiseptics. (B) bacteriostatics. (C) antifungal agents. (D) disinfectants. -         Disinfectants. Which of the following must be included in the patient's medical record or chart? 1. Diagnostic and therapeutic orders 2. Medical history 3. Informed consent (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Diagnostic and Therapeutic Orders Medical History Informed Consent The pulse can be detected only by the use of a stethoscope in which of the following locations? (A) Wrist (B) Apex of the heart (C) Groin (D) Neck -         Apex of the heart An esophagogram might be requested for patients with which of the following esophageal disorders/symptoms? 1. Varices 2. Achalasia 3. Dysphasia (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Varices Achalasia When reviewing patient blood chemistry levels, what is considered the normal creatinine range? (A) 0.6 to 1.5 mg/100 mL (B) 4.5 to 6 mg/100 mL (C) 8 to 25 mg/100 mL (D) Up to 50 mg/100 mL -         0.6 to 1.5 mg/100 mL The complete killing of all microorganisms is termed (A) surgical asepsis. (B) medical asepsis. (C) sterilization. (D) disinfection. -         Sterilization. Which of the following is (are) symptom(s) of shock? 1. Employ sterile technique if you must touch a tracheostomy for any reason. 2. Before you suction a tracheostomy, the patient should be well aerated. 3. Never suction for longer than 15 s, permitting the patient to rest in between. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Employ sterile technique if you must touch a tracheostomy for any reason. Before you suction a tracheostomy, the patient should be well aerated. Never suction for longer than 15 s, permitting the patient to rest in between. Where is the "sterile corridor" located? (A) Just outside the surgical suite (B) Immediately inside each operating room door (C) Between the draped patient and the instrument table (D) At the foot end of the draped patient -         Between the draped patient and the instrument table What is the most widely used method of vascular catheterization? (A) Doppler (B) Moniz (C) Grandy (D) Seldinger -         Seldinger If an emergency trauma patient experiences hemorrhaging from a leg injury, the radiographer should 1. apply pressure to the bleeding site. 2. call the emergency department for assistance. 3. apply a pressure bandage and complete the examination. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Apply pressure to the bleeding site. Call the emergency department for assistance. A radiologic technologist can be found guilty of a tort in which of the following situations? 1. Failure to shield a patient of childbearing age from unnecessary radiation 2. Performing an examination on a patient who has refused the examination 3. Discussing a patient's condition with a third party (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Failure to shield a patient of childbearing age from unnecessary radiation. Performing an examination on a patient who has refused the examination. Discussing a patient's condition with a third party. When caring for a patient with an IV, the radiographer should keep the medication (A) 18 to 20 in above the level of the vein. (B) 18 to 20 in below the level of the vein. (C) 28 to 30 in above the level of the vein. (D) 28 to 30 in below the level of the vein. -         18 to 20 in above the level of the vein. Protective or "reverse" isolation is required in which of the following conditions? 1. Tuberculosis 2. Burns 3. Leukemia (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Burns Leukemia A drug's chemical name is called its (A) generic name. (B) trade name. (C) brand name. (D) proprietary name. -         Generic name. A diabetic patient who is prepared for a fasting radiographic exam is susceptible to a hypoglycemic reaction. This is characterized by 1. shaking and nervousness. 2. cold, clammy skin. 3. cyanosis (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Shaking and Nervousness Cold Clammy Skin Because of medicolegal considerations, radiographic images are required to include all the following information, except (A) the patient's name and/or identification number. (B) the patient's birth date. (C) a right or left side marker. (D) the date of the examination. -         The patient's birth date. All of the following rules regarding proper handwashing technique are correct except (A) Keep hands and forearms lower than elbows. (B) Use paper towels to turn water on. (C) Avoid using hand lotions whenever possible. (D) Carefully wash all surfaces and between fingers. -         Avoid using hand lotions whenever possible. Medication can be administered by which of the following routes? 1. Orally 2. Intravenously 3. Intramuscularly (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Orally Intravenously Intramusculary Skin discoloration due to cyanosis may be observed in the 1. gums. 2. nailbeds. 3. thorax. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Gums Nailbeds In classifying intravenous contrast agents, the total number of dissolved particles in solution per kilogram of water defines (A) osmolality. (B) toxicity. (C) viscosity. (B) an infusion. (C) a bolus. (D) parenteral. -         An Infusion Nitroglycerin is used (A) to relieve pain from angina pectoris. (B) to prevent a heart attack. (C) as a vasoconstrictor. (D) to increase blood pressure. -         To relieve pain from angina pectoris. Chest drainage systems should always be kept (A) above the patient's chest. (B) at the level of the patient's chest. (C) below the level of the patient's chest. (D) none of the above; the position of the chest drainage system is not important. -         Below the level of the patient's chest. In which of the following situations should a radiographer wear protective eye gear (goggles)? 1. When performing an upper gastrointestinal radiography examination 2. When assisting the radiologist during an angiogram 3. When assisting the radiologist in a biopsy / aspiration procedure (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         When assisting the radiologist during an angiogram. When assisting the radiologist in a biopsy/aspiration procedure. Blood pressure may be expressed as 120/95. What does 95 represent? 1. The phase of relaxation of the cardiac muscle tissue 2. The phase of contraction of the cardiac muscle tissue 3. A higher-than-average diastolic pressure (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only -         The phase of relaxation of the cardiac muscle tissue. A higher-than-average diastolic pressure. Of the four stages of infection, which is the stage during which the infection is most communicable? (A) Latent period (B) Incubation period (C) Disease phase (D) Convalescent phase -         Disease Phase Examples of nasogastric tubes include: 1. Swan-Ganz. 2. Salem-sump. 3. Levin. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Salem-Sump Levin All of the following statements regarding oxygen delivery are true, except (A) Oxygen is classified as a drug and must be prescribed by a physician. (B) Rate of delivery and mode of delivery must be part of a physician order for oxygen. (C) Oxygen may be ordered continuously or as needed by the patient. (D) None of the above; they are all true. -         None of the above; they are all true. Factors that are important to evaluate when selecting contrast media include 1. miscibility. 2. potential toxicity. 3. viscosity. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 and 3 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Miscibility Potential Toxicity Vicosity While in your care for a radiologic procedure, a patient asks to see his chart. Which of the following is the appropriate response? (A) Inform the patient that the chart is for health-care providers to view, not the patient. (B) Inform the patient that you do not know where the chart is. (C) Inform the patient that he has the right to see his chart, but that he should request to view it with his physician, so that it is properly interpreted. (D) Give the patient the chart and leave him alone for -         Inform the patient that he has the right to see his chart, but that he should request to view it with his physician, so that it is properly interpreted. Skin discoloration due to cyanosis may be observed in the 1. gums. 2. nailbeds. 3. thorax. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Gums Nailbeds Which of the following sites are commonly used for an intravenous injection? 1. Antecubital vein 2. Basilic vein 3. Popliteal vein (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Antecubital Vein Basilica Vein Symptoms of shock include 1. rise in blood pressure. 2. increase in pulse rate. 3. restlessness and apprehension. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Increase in Pulse Rate Restlessness and Apprehension According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which of the following body fluids should be treated as if they contained pathogenic microorganisms? 1. Any fluid containing blood 2. Cerebrospinal fluid 3. Synovial fluid (A) 1 only (D) tuberculosis. -         Emphysema. An MRI procedure is contraindicated for a patient having (A) herniated disc. (B) aneurysm clips. (C) dental fillings. (D) subdural bleeding. -         Aneurysm Clips. (even slight shift can cause damage) If extravasation occurs during an intravenous injection of contrast media, correct treatment includes which of the following? 1. Remove the needle and locate a sturdier vein immediately. 2. Apply pressure to the vein until bleeding stops. 3. Apply warm, moist heat. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Apply pressure to the vein until the bleeding stops. Apply warm, moist heat. The medical abbreviation meaning "every hour" is (A) tid. (B) qid. (C) qh. (D) pc. -         qh. Which ethical principle is related to the theory that patients have the right to decide what will or will not be done to them? (A) Autonomy (B) Beneficence (C) Fidelity (D) Veracity -         Autonomy Instruments required to assess vital signs include 1. a thermometer. 2. a tongue blade. 3. a watch with a second hand. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         a Thermometer a Watch with a second hand The patient is placed in the lithotomy position for which of the following procedures? (A) Myelography (B) Venography (C) T-tube cholangiography (D) Hysterosalpingography -         Hysterosalpingography Lithotomy Position -         Requires that the patient lie on the back with buttocks at the edge of the table. The hips are flexed, the knees are flexed and resting on leg supports, and the feet rest in stirrups. The diameter of a needle is termed its (A) bevel. (B) gauge. (C) hub. (D) length. -         Gauge. Which of the following blood pressure measurements indicates shock? (A) Systolic pressure lower than 60 mmHg (B) Systolic pressure higher than 140 mmHg (C) Diastolic pressure higher than 140 mmHg (D) Diastolic pressure lower than 90 mmHg -         Systolic pressure lower than 60 mmHg (below 90 mmHg is considered low blood pressure) Which of the following radiographic procedures requires an intrathecal injection? (A) Intravenous pyelogram (B) Myelogram (C) Lymphangiogram (D) Computed tomography (CT) -         Myelogram (radiographic examination of the spinal canal) The mechanical device used to correct an ineffectual cardiac rhythm is a (A) defibrillator. (B) cardiac monitor. (C) crash cart. (D) resuscitation bag. -         Defibrillator. Symptoms associated with a respiratory reaction to contrast media include 1. sneezing. 2. dyspnea. 3. asthma attack. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Sneezing Dyspnea Asthma Attack You and a fellow radiographer have received an unconscious patient from a motor vehicle accident. As you perform the examination, it is important that you 1. refer to the patient by name. 2. make only those statements that you would make with a conscious patient. 3. reassure the patient about what you are doing. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Refer to the patient by name. Make only those statements that you would make with a conscious patient. Reassure the patient about what you are doing. What is the most common means of spreading infection? (A) Improperly disposed of contaminated waste (B) Instruments that are improperly sterilized (C) Soiled linen (D) Human hands -         Human Hands You receive an ambulatory patient for a GI series. As the patient is seated on the x-ray table, he feels faint. You should 1. Lay the patient down on the x-ray table. 2. Elevate the patient's legs or place the table slightly Trendelenburg. 3. Leave quickly and call for help. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Lay the patient down on X-ray table. (C) ethiodized oil. (D) meglumine diatrizoate. -         Barium Sulfate. Anaphylactic shock manifests early symptoms that include 1. dysphagia. 2. itching of palms and soles. 3. constriction of the throat. (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Dysphagia. Itching of palms and soles. Constriction of the throat. In reviewing a patient's blood chemistry, which of the following blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ranges is considered normal? (A) 0.6 to 1.5 mg/100 mL (B) 4.5 to 6 mg/100 mL (C) 8 to 25 mg/100 mL (D) Up to 50 mg/100 mL -         8 to 25 mg/100 mL A patient who is diaphoretic has (A) pale, cool, clammy skin. (B) hot, dry skin. (C) dilated pupils. (D) warm, moist skin. -         Pale, Cool, Clammy Skin. Forms of intentional misconduct include 1. slander. 2. invasion of privacy. 3. negligence. (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Slander. Invasion of Privacy Which of the following diastolic pressure readings might indicate hypertension? (A) 50 mmHg (B) 70 mmHg (C) 90 mmHg (D) 110 mmHg -         110 mmHg A vasodilator would most likely be used for (A) angina. (B) cardiac arrest. (C) bradycardia. (D) antihistamine. -         Angina. The Heimlich maneuver is used if a patient is (A) in cardiac arrest. (B) choking. (C) having a seizure. (D) suffering from hiccups. -         Choking. When a GI series has been requested on a patient with a suspected perforated ulcer, the type of contrast medium that should be used is (A) thin barium sulfate suspension. (B) thick barium sulfate suspension. (C) water-soluble iodinated media. (D) oil-based iodinated media. -         Water-Soluble Iodinated Media. Lyme disease is caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks. The tick bite may cause fever, fatigue, and other associated symptoms. This is an example of transmission of an infection by (A) droplet contact. (B) a vehicle. (C) the airborne route. (D) a vector. -         a Vector. For which of the following radiographic examinations is a consent form usually required? 1. Angiogram 2. GI series 3. Skeletal survey (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Angiogram All drug packages must provide certain information required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Some of the information that must be provided includes 1. the generic name. 2. contraindications. 3. the usual dose. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         The Generic Name Contraindications The Usual Dose Which of the following is a vasopressor and may be used for an anaphylactic reaction or cardiac arrest? (A) Nitroglycerin (B) Epinephrine (C) Hydrocortisone (D) Digitoxin -         Epinephrine What type of precautions prevents the spread of infectious agents in aerosol form? (A) Strict isolation (B) Protective isolation (C) Airborne precautions (D) Contact precautions -         Airborne Precautions Guidelines for cleaning contaminated objects or surfaces include 1. Clean from the most contaminated to the least contaminated area 2. Clean in a circular motion, starting from the center and working outward 3. Clean from the top down (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Clean from the most contaminated to the least contaminated. Clean from the top to bottom. Involuntary patient motion can be caused by 1. post-traumatic shock. 2. medication. 3. the temperature of the room. (A) vector. (B) fomite. (C) host. (D) reservoir. -         Fomite. Which of the following medical equipment is used to determine blood pressure? 1. Pulse oximeter 2. Stethoscope 3. Sphygmomanometer (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Stethoscope Sphygmomanometer Possible side effects of an iodinated contrast medium that is administered intravenously include all of the following except (A) a warm feeling. (B) altered taste. (C) nausea. (D) hypotension. -         Hypotension. Which of the following is a violation of correct sterile techniques? (A) Gowns are considered sterile in the front down to the waist, including the arms. (B) Sterile gloves must be kept above the waist level. (C) Persons in sterile dress should pass each other face to face. (D) A sterile field should not be left unattended. -         Persons in sterile dress should pass each other face to face. (they should pass each other back to back, to avoid contaminating each other.) A patient suffering from orthopnea would experience the least discomfort in which body position? (A) Fowler's (B) Trendelenburg (C) Recumbent (D) Erect -         Erect Physical changes characteristic of gerontologic patients usually include 1. loss of bone calcium. 2. loss of hearing. 3. loss of mental alertness. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Loss of Bone Calcium Abnormal accumulation of air in pulmonary tissues, resulting in overdistention of the alveolar spaces, is (A) emphysema. (B) empyema. (C) pneumothorax. (D) pneumoconiosis. -         Emphysema. All of the following statements are true regarding the administration of a barium enema to a patient with a colostomy, except (A) The dressing should be removed and disposed of. (B) The drainage pouch should be retained unless a fresh one can be provided. (C) The colostomy tip or catheter should be selected by the radiologist. (D) The patient should not be permitted to insert the colostomy tip. -         The patient should not be permitted to insert the colostomy tip. (Patients are often used to caring for their stoma, and they may be more comfortable if they have control of the situation.) To reduce the back strain associated with transferring patients from stretcher to x-ray table, the radiographer should (A) pull the patient. (B) push the patient. (C) hold the patient away from his or her body and lift. (D) bend at the waist and pull. -         Pull The Patient. A patient in a recumbent position with the head lower than the feet is said to be in which of the following positions? (A) Trendelenburg (B) Fowler's (C) Sims (D) Stenver's -         Trendelenburg The legal doctrine res ipsa locquitur means which of the following? (A) Let the master answer. (B) The thing speaks for itself. (C) A thing or matter settled by justice. (D) A matter settled by precedent. -         The Thing Speaks For Itself. An ambulatory patient is one who (A) is able to walk. (B) is unable to walk. (C) has difficulty breathing. (D) arrives by ambulance. -         Is Able To Walk. Which of the following exams require(s) restriction of the patient's diet? 1. GI series 2. Abdominal survey 3. Pyelogram (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only -         GI Series Pyelogram Which of the following conditions must be met in order for patient consent to be valid? 1. The patient must sign the consent form before receiving sedation. 2. The physician named on the consent form must perform the procedure. 3. All the blanks on the consent form must be filled in before the patient signs the form. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         The patient must sign the consent form before receiving sedidation. The physician named must perform the procedure. All the blanks on the consent form must be filled in before the patient signs the form. According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), all of the following precaution guidelines are true, except (A) Airborne precautions require that the patient wear a mask. (B) Masks are indicated when caring for patients on MRSA precautions. (C) Patients under MRSA precautions require a negative-pressure room. (D) Gloves are indicated when caring for a patient on droplet precautions. -         Patients under MRSA precautions require a negative-pressure room. With a patient suffering abdominal pain, it is frequently helpful to 1. elevate the head slightly with a pillow.         Polyps Colitis The advantages of using nonionic, water-soluble contrast media include 1. cost-containment benefits. 2. low toxicity. 3. fewer adverse reactions. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Lower Toxicity Fewer Adverse Reactions Following a barium enema (BE) examination, the patient should be given which of the following instructions? 1. Increase fluid and fiber intake for several days. 2. Changes in stool color will occur until all barium has been evacuated. 3. Contact a physician if no bowel movement occurs in 24 h (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Increase Fluid and Fiber Intake for Several Days. Changes in stool color will occur until ALL barium has been evacuated. Contact a physician if no bowel movement occurs in 24 h. Which of the following statements are true regarding a two-member team performing mobile radiography on a patient with MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus) precautions? 1. One radiographer remains "clean" that is, he or she has no physical contact with the patient. 2. The radiographer who positions the mobile unit also makes the exposure. 3. The radiographer who positions the cassette also retrieves the cassette and removes it from its plastic protective cover. (A) 1 and 2 only ( -         One radiographer remains "clean" that is, he/she has no physical contact with the patient. The radiographer who positions the mobile unit also makes the exposure. All of the following statements regarding handwashing and skin care are correct except (A) Hands should be washed after each patient examination. (B) Faucets should be opened and closed with paper towels. (C) Hands should be smooth and free from chapping. (D) Any cracks or abrasions should be left uncovered to facilitate healing. -         Any cracks or abrasions should be left uncovered to facilitate healing. A patient is usually required to drink a barium sulfate suspension in order to demonstrate which of the following structure(s)? 1. Pylorus 2. Sigmoid 3. Duodenum (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 3 only -         Pylorus Duodenum Which of the following parenteral routes is most often used for administration of contrast agents in the radiology department? (A) Subcutaneous (B) Intravenous (C) Intramuscular (D) Intradermal -         Intravenous When a patient with an arm injury needs help in undressing, the radiographer should (A) remove clothing from the injured arm first. (B) remove clothing from the uninjured arm first. (C) always remove clothing from the left arm first. (D) always cut clothing away from the injured extremity. -         Remove clothing from the uninjured arm first. All of the following statements regarding osteoarthritis are true except (A) Osteoarthritis is a progressive disorder. (B) Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disorder. (C) Osteoarthritis involves deterioration of the articular cartilage. (D) Osteoarthritis involves the formation of bony spurs. -         Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disorder. Examples of COPD include 1. bronchitis. 2. pulmonary emphysema. 3. asthma. (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3 -         Bronchitis Pulmonary Emphysema Asthma COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) -         It refers to a group of disorders, including bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and bronchiectasis. (COPD is irreversible and decreases the ability of the lungs to perform their ventilation functions. There is often less than half the normal expected maximal breathing capacity.) The medical term for congenital clubfoot is (A) coxa plana. (B) osteochondritis. (C) talipes. (D) muscular dystrophy. -         Talipes. A patient developed hives several minutes after injection of an iodinated contrast medium. What type of drug should be readily available? (A) Analgesic (B) Antihistamine (C) Anti-inflammatory (D) Antibiotic -         Antihistamine Pulmonary fibrosis can result from the inhalation of dust particles; this is characteristic of (A) cystic fibrosis. (B) chronic asthma. (C) pneumoconiosis. (D) pleural effusion. -         Pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis. -         Is a condition of the respiratory tract caused by the occupational inhalation of dust particles and resulting in pulmonary fibrosis.