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Download Pdf for senior high school students and more Study notes Earth science in PDF only on Docsity! Understanding Culture Society and Politics Quarter 2 – Module 3: Concept, Characteristics and Forms of Stratification Systems Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Concept, Characteristics and Forms of Stratification Systems First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Ferd Francis P. Alamag Editors: Alfred James A. Ellar James Angelo T. Año Reviewers: Leonardo C. Cargullo Emily R. Quintos Asher H. Pasco Jesusa L. Partosa Alfonso V. Mabuting Johncent Roy C. Tibordo Illustrators: Shiela Mae L. Ortiz Maria Babylyn B. Nevalga Armando D. Ison Layout Artists: Allan Gilbert M. Jain Maria Cristina F. Lim Management Team: Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral CLMD Chief: Job S. Zape Jr. Regional ADM Coordinator: Elaine T. Balaogan Regional Librarian: Fe M. Ong-ongowan Schools Division Superintendent: Cherrylou D. Repia Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Elias A. Alicaya, Jr. & Ivan Bryan L. Inductivo CID Chief: Elpidia B. Bergado Division EPS In Charge of LRMS: Noel S. Ortega Learning Area EPS: Emily R. Quintos Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph iii For the learner: Welcome to the Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Concept, Characteristics and Forms of Stratification Systems (MELC 9). This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the iv lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! 1 What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module is about the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological perspectives (MELC Week 9). After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the concept of stratification using a pyramid of social classes; 2. compare and contrast the characteristics of two forms of stratification systems using a Venn diagram; 3. identify social mobility and social inequality in understanding stratification systems in sociological perspectives; and 4. view stratification systems as a way for social mobility and a reason of social inequality in the society. 4 13. Why is social stratification be considered as universal but variable? a. Because everyone is entitled to be part of a social class b. Because a man, in any chances, can change his/her own social class c. Because social stratification is based on the factors such as power, wealth and prestige d. Because it shows up in every society in the world but how exactly it looks like vary from society to society 14. Which type of status is earned by an individual? a. Single status b. Ascribed status c. Achieved status d. In a relationship status 15. Which of the following describes the upper class? a. A person who can afford to buy clothes and shoes b. A person who do not have enough money to make ends meet c. A person who owned businesses, and is an investor d. A person who can buy a lot of foods and drinks for his family 5 What’s In THE PREVIOUS LESSON INSTRUCTION. Read the given text below. Then, answer each question properly on the space provided. A Filipino child, at five years old, can start going to school under the Universal Kindergarten of Basic Education program. With this, a child can learn alphabet, numbers, shapes, colors, and parts of the body in their mother tongue and can learn how to socialize with their peer through dances, songs, games, and storytelling until a child reaches junior to senior high school wherein a student can learn complex concepts and theories. QUESTION 1: Which Philippine educational system agency is being referred by the given text? Explain the goals of this institution in achieving quality education on basic education level. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ After a child graduates from Grade 12, he/she has to choose whether he/she will pursue higher education where professionals are being built and molded. This level holds both the tertiary level, such as any bachelor degree and graduate levels, such as masters or doctoral degree. This is an avenue for learning different professions such as doctors, lawyers, IT professionals, educators, engineers, biologists, etc. QUESTION 2: Which Philippine educational system agency is being referred by the given text? Explain the goals of this institution in achieving quality education on tertiary and graduate levels. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Every Filipino should not be left behind in terms of education. That is why in the Philippine educational system, the State provides an avenue for learning and discovery for every citizen who is not able to go to elementary, high school, or even college. It is through learning and gaining new skills and knowledge, and being able to complete a set of different lessons, with national certification, related to masonry, baking, cooking, carpentry, midwifery, etc. QUESTION: Which Philippine educational system agency is being referred by the given text? Explain the goals of this institution in helping Filipinos achieve their full potential in acquiring skills and competencies. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ . CONNECTING THE PREVIOUS LESSON TO NEW LESSON What do you think is the effect of online learning to different social classes if this type of learning opportunity becomes standard in Philippine education during the time of COVID-19 pandemic? Write your insights on the space provided. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 9 ANALYSIS: Something to think about INSTRUCTION. Answer the given set of questions based on the previous two activities. Write your answer on the space provided. WHAT. What makes an individual or group of people belong to upper, middle, or lower class? Explain the basis for your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ . HOW. How could education be a way for social mobility and eventually change one’s current social class? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ . WHY. Do you think inequality may arise in a society because people don’t have the same social status in life? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ . What is It In this part of your journey, we provided something for you to read to deepen your understanding about the topic. Please read with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you out in dealing with the next phase of your quest. normal lifestyle. Mostly, they earn daily minimum wage and receive regular benefits. 10 CONCEPT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Have you ever wondered why people don’t have the same status in life when they were born? Why are there rich and poor people in the society? Have you ever thought this idea wondering what if you were born rich? On the other hand, what if you were born poor? What if the society is some kind of Utopia where everything is just perfect and equal? Yet, whatever social class one belongs to in a society, it is hope that one may find reasons to still be grateful, and live a life that is full of opportunities. The idea of rich and the poor may be too familiar to everyone. It can be seen in Pinoy teleseryes or Korean dramas that you watched back then, and it can be seen in reality just like in the society where you are belong. The activities that you encountered a while ago introduced you to the new lesson which is about categorizing individuals or group of people based on factors such as power, wealth and prestige. This is called Social Classes and the layering of these social classes from higher to lower class is called Social Stratification. Social stratification is defined as the hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social categories that may evolve into social groups together with statuses and their corresponding roles in the society (Cordero-McDonald, et al., 1995, 380). Let’s take a look on the pyramid of social classes shown below: Figure 1. Pyramid of Social Classes or Social Stratification Social stratification is divided into three social classes. At the top of the pyramid is where the Upper Class. This class in the society is described by the sociologists as elite individuals or group of people that are most prolific and successful in their respective areas. These people may be stockholders and investors in very huge well-known companies from different industries here and abroad. In the second activity earlier, Henry Sy, Sr. and Lucio Tan, Sr. are both considered elite who belong to the upper class of social stratification. According to the “List of 50 richest Filipinos in 2014” of Pinoy Money Talk website (as cited by Lanuza and Raymundo 2016, 109), Henry Sy, Sr. and his family had a net worth of $12.7 billion, while Lucio Tan, Sr. and his family had a net worth of $6.1 billion. These people may own big companies and huge mansions here and abroad, mingle with the same class, own fancy cars, and value wealthy heritage. Dividing the upper class and lower class is the Middle Class. Middle class are mostly professional individuals or groups of people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners of small businesses in the locality, and executives who work in the corporate world, etc. They are able to meet both their needs and wants without even worrying about their finances because of the job and salary they have. They live in spacious houses and situated in best suburbs. Their income can afford them a UPPER CLASS MIDDLE CLASS LOWER CLASS 11 comfortable lifestyle. They value education the most since education to them is the most important measure of social status. Last but not the least, the lowest part of the pyramid of social classes is where the Lower Class situated. These are the skilled and unskilled artisan, farm employees, underemployed, and indigent families. Because of the given status in life, these people lack revenue or income and educational training or background. Without the proper education, some of them are jobless or have difficulty to find a job in order to make ends meet. They also lack support network that could lift them up. How did stratification system started? Remember the lesson about the earliest form of human societies. According to the sociologists and anthropologists, in earliest societies, people shared a common social standing; there was no social class back then. Figure 2. Example of Stratification during Earliest Civilization As societies evolved and became more complex, it began to elevate some members of the society through land acquisition and social status or social entitlement. In the earliest civilization, there were kings and priests as the upper class, scribes, merchants and artisans as the middle class, and slaves as the lower class. CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS Imagine two extremely wealthy people. One of them inherited their money, acquiring it through the luck that comes with being born to parents or owners of immense amounts of property and wealth, while the other person worked for what he/she had. That person started at the bottom, and through years of hard work and strategic dealing in life was able to build a business empire of their own. Now, which one would you say deserves the wealth? Sociologically, the interesting aspect isn’t your answer to the question; it’s the fact that different societies, in different times and places, have different answers because the question of what it means to deserve wealth, success, or power, is a matter of social stratification. Let’s take a look at the different characteristics of social stratification. Social stratification is: 1. Universal but variable. Social stratification is what we are talking about when we talk about social inequality and social mobility. Society categorizes people and ranks them in a hierarchy. Everything, from social status, prestige, to the kind of job one holds, or to the chances of living in poverty, is affected by social stratification. 14 be hired. Those with college degree can be employed with a higher paid salary and good position in a company. 2. CONFLICT THEORY. This sociological perspective is the opposite of the latter. Karl Marx viewed social stratification as creation of inequality between the rich and the poor, or the powerful versus the powerless. Let’s say for example: The bourgeois capitalists owning high-producing businesses or factories and hire people who work for them. They can enjoy the luxury of life because they earn billions of money. However, proletariats are the working class earned skimpy wages and experiencing isolation to the society. The very essence of life is to enjoy it with loved ones. However, working class did not experience this joy because they are isolated to do the labor for long hours each day to earn money at the end of the month. Marx argued that proletariats were oppressed by the money-hungry bourgeois. 3. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM. Symbolic interactionism view social stratification on a micro level where individuals affect others whom they have interacted because of their social class status. In most societies, people can only interact only to those with the same social class status. For an instance, it is rare for a royal prince or princess to marry a commoner because the commoner don’t have the same class status as to royal prince or princess. But now, there are royal marriages already break this tradition. What’s More CASTE SYSTEM VERSUS CLASS SYSTEM INSTRUCTION. The caste system in ancient India and the class system in the modern-day Philippines both created an unequal balance of power in their respective society. Specific qualities or traits separate people into groups, which results in certain groups having more power than others. However, there are some major differences between the caste system and class system. Identify three (3) major differences and similarities between the caste system in ancient India and the class system in modern-day Philippine society. Fill in these differences and similarities in the Venn diagram below. Afterwards, explain on the space provided these differences and similarities in order to fully understand stratification system. 15 CASTE SYSTEM: SIMILARITIES CLASS SYSTEM: Your explanation: Your explanation: Your explanation: 1.______________________ 1._____________________ 1.___________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ 2.___________________ 2.______________________ 2._____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ 3.______________________ 3.______________________ 3.___________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ What I Have Learned PROFILE PICTURE Did you know that a fairy tale happy ending can happen in real life too? This fairy tale story of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle started when they got married on May 19, 2018 at St. George's Chapel on Windsor Castle in the United Kingdom. 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 1. _______________ _ 2. _______________ _ 3. _______________ _ 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 16 Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, is the youngest son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is sixth in the line of succession to the British throne. Before marrying the love of her life, Meghan Markle meanwhile was a freelance calligrapher and taught bookbinding to support herself apart from her acting jobs back then. She also took on several contract acting and modeling jobs, including a stint as a "briefcase girl" in the US game show Deal or No Deal. INSTRUCTION: Answer each question by completing the sentences. QUESTION 1. As individuals before they got married, who do you think belongs to the upper class, middle class or lower class? Explain. I think Prince Harry’s social class belongs to ___________________ while Meghan Markle’s before marrying Prince Harry, her social class belongs to ________because __________________________________. QUESTION 2. Do you think Prince Harry’s social status is considered as ascribed status or achieved status? Why do you say so? I think Prince Harry’s social status is called ________________ because ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ QUESTION 3. What form of stratification systems do you think these two personalities belong to, caste system or class system? Why do you say so? I think in contemporary days they both belong to ___________________ because ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ What I Can Do MY JOURNEY TO SOCIAL MOBILITY REGARDLESS OF SOCIAL CLASS I BELONG TO INSTRUCTION. Making it as your own motivation to reach dreams and goals in life, set out the journey in the social class by relating your personal answers in the conditions set in each station. Write down your responses on the space provided. The Starting Point asks you to write your social class whether you belong to upper, middle, or lower class based on the factors such as power, wealth and prestige. There is nothing to be ashamed of being honest here. The First Station is for you to identify your dream profession that you wanted to be in the future. The Second Station is for you to state the reason whether your family can or cannot afford to support your dream profession. The Third Station is for you to write what are the other obstacles you may think you will encounter in achieving your dream profession. 19 10. In class system, is social mobility possible? a. Yes, because class system has element of meritocracy based on personal achievements and talents of a person. b. No, because a man, in any chances, can’t change his or her own social class. c. No, because of social control restriction based on a set of strong cultural and religious beliefs. d. No, because class system has no element of meritocracy resulting in an immense social inequality. 11. Why could social stratification be considered as a form of social belief? a. Beliefs are universal in every society in the world. b. Everyone believes that he or she belongs to a social class. c. Beliefs about social stratification that inform people what it means to deserve wealth, success or power. d. It continues from generation to generation in every society. 12. Does social stratification persist across generations? a. No, because everyone believes he or she belongs to a social class already b. Yes, stratification serves to categorize and rank members of society. across generations resulting in different life chances. c. Yes, because it shows up in every society in the world but how exactly it looks like vary from society to society. d. No, it does not affect any generation in any parts of the world. 13. How do you describe a caste system? a. It is an open system of stratification requiring the element of meritocracy for social mobility. b. It is a close system of stratification in which an individual is restricted to his or her social class only. c. It is an open system of stratification with a combination of achieved and ascribed status. d. Caste system is universal in every society in the world. 14. In caste system, is social mobility possible? a. Yes, because caste system has element of meritocracy that is based on personal achievements and talents of a person. b. Yes, because a man, in any chances, can change his or her own social class. c. No, because of social control restriction based on a set of strong cultural and religious beliefs. d. Yes, because anyone can achieve greatness as long as he or she works hard for it. 15. How does social stratification started in the society? a. As societies evolved and became more complex, it began to elevate some members of the society through land acquisition and gaining social status. b. It started when people think that they can afford to invest into material things. c. It started when a person can buy a lot of foods and drinks for his family. d. The elements of meritocracy that is based on personal merit and achievement of a person. 20 Additional Activities THE PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Over the course of this lesson, you have informed about the concept, characteristics, and forms of stratification systems. Did you know that before the Philippines were colonized by the Spaniards, Americans, and Japanese, the Philippine pre-colonial society was already establishing social stratification through factors such as wealth, power, rights, privileges, entitlement and achievements? Meet these groups of people one by one once again by reading the given description. Afterwards, answer the activity below. The TIMAWA. They were the majority of the barangay community. They were free. They could acquire property, have any job they wanted, pick their own wives, and acquire an alipin. They were expected to support the datu and pay their taxes; hence, their importance in the community was evident. The MAGINOO. They were the ruling class, the educated class, the royal class, and the privileged class. It was from this class which the datu came from. The datu was the head of the community called a barangay. He is synonymous to a monarch, rajah, sultan, and king to other countries. The ALIPIN. They had the least rights. They served their master who belonged to one of the classes that is above them. The Alipin was likely his or her servant at home such as doing the household chores and cooking, or aided the timawa with their duties at work. The MAHARLIKA. They were well respected if not revered by the barangay. Unlike the timawa, they were not expected to pay taxes. They would provide protection to the barangay and were responsible for providing and preparing the weapons at their own expense. ACTIVITY INSTRUCTION. Using the names of the groups of people mentioned earlier, arrange them using a pyramid of social stratification through these factors such as wealth, power, rights, privileges, entitlement, and achievements in the society. Beside each social class, draw a symbol that represents them. Answer Key vst oer ae rel 5 aor a‘e OT a" vol es a6 S Se | | vasaL't y 2 | | daHO% ¥ ae | | pgdagy s at = wt TU] Syeq = | 21