peace education and roe of teacher, Study notes of Educational Psychology

Download peace education and roe of teacher and more Study notes Educational Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! ‘If we are to reach real peace in this world we shall have to begin with the children’. (Mahatma Gandhi) Peace education is the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing the behaviors to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural environment. Peace education is not the process of telling students what to think, but rather telling them how to think critically. Its aim is to prevent a conflict in advance or rather to educate individuals and a society for a peaceful existence on the basis of nonviolence, tolerance, equality, respect for differences, and social justice Forms Conflict resolution training Peace education programs centered on conflict resolution typically focus on the social-behavioural symptoms of conflict; they train individuals to resolve inter-personal disputes through negotiation and (peer) mediation. The main elements of these programs include: learning to manage anger, "fighting fair"; improving communication through skills such as listening, turn-taking, identifying needs, and separating facts from emotions. Participants are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions and to brainstorm together on compromises. Democracy education Peace education programs centered on democracy education typically focus on the political processes associated with conflict. They postulate that with an increase in democratic participation, societies are less likely to resolve conflict through violence and war. At the same time, "A democratic society needs the commitment of citizens who accept the inevitability of conflict as well as the necessity for tolerance" (U.S. Department of State, The Culture of Democracy, emphasis added). Programs of this kind foster a conflict-positive orientation in the community by training students to view conflict as a platform for creativity and growth. Justice education Education for justice is the process of promoting the rule of law (RoL) through educational activities at all levels. Education for justice teaches the next generation about crime prevention, to better understand and address problems that can undermine the rule of law. This approach promotes peace and encourages students to engage actively in their communities and future professions. [21] Making the RoL and a culture of lawfulness a priority is not just about transmitting knowledge, but also about values and behaviours that are modelled and enforced daily through the 'hidden curriculum'. Human rights education Peace education programs centered on raising awareness of human rights typically focus on policies that humanity ought to adopt to move closer to a peaceful global community. The aim is to engender a commitment among participants to a vision of structural peace in which all individual members of the human race can exercise personal freedoms and enjoy legal protection from violence, oppression and indignity Aims and Objectives of Peace Education: The major aims and objectives of Peace Education are as follows: (i). Peace Education prepares the world for children and youth by making it better, healthy, the students to develop a rich vision of peace to work for a viable global society by fostering the changes in order to make the world a better and more humane place. (iv). Peace Education helps to develop the values and skills to assist the students in striving for the fullness of life through the creation of constructive behaviours for dealing with problems so as to minimize and eliminate conflict. It also helps to explore peace both as a state of being and as an active process for the promotion of positive human relations. Aims and Objectives of Peace Education: The major aims and objectives of Peace Education are as follows: (i). Peace Education prepares the world for children and youth by making it better, healthy, peaceful, united and safe and to prepare the children for such a world. (ii). It encourages the search for alternatives as well as possible non- violent skills and sharpens the awareness about the existence of holistic the students in striving for the fullness of life through the creation of constructive behaviours for dealing with problems so as to minimize and eliminate conflict. It also helps to explore peace both as a state of being and as an active process for the promotion of positive human relations. Aims and Objectives of Peace Education: The major aims and objectives of Peace Education are as follows: (i). Peace Education prepares the world for children and youth by making it better, healthy, peaceful, united and safe and to prepare the children for such a world. (ii). It encourages the search for alternatives as well as possible non- violent skills and sharpens the awareness about the existence of holistic relationships between people and within and between nations. (iii). Peace Education assists the participating populations in establishing an all- inclusive civilization of peace as well as tries to investigate the causes of both as a state of being and as an active process for the promotion of positive human relations. Aims and Objectives of Peace Education: The major aims and objectives of Peace Education are as follows: (i). Peace Education prepares the world for children and youth by making it better, healthy, peaceful, united and safe and to prepare the children for such a world. (ii). It encourages the search for alternatives as well as possible non-violent skills and sharpens the awareness about the existence of holistic relationships between people and within and between nations. (iii). Peace Education assists the participating populations in establishing an all-inclusive civilization of peace as well as tries to investigate the causes of conflicts and violence embedded within the values, perception and attitudes of the individuals within the social as well as political structure of the society. Peace Education helps the students to develop a rich vision of peace to work for a viable global society by fostering the changes in order to make the world a better and more humane place. (iv). Peace Education helps to develop the values and skills to assist the students in striving for the fullness of life through the creation of constructive behaviours for dealing with problems so as to minimize and eliminate conflict. It also helps to explore peace both as a state of being and as an active process for the promotion of positive human relations. Types; Negative Peace is a state in which there is an absence of violence and war; a state that can be achieved by violent means and still have unrest. Positive Peace is the absence (or reduction) of violence and war and the presence of “positive components” that enable and sustain peaceful growth and peaceful change. Examples of Positive and Negative Peace: Negative Peace might be a ceasefire agreement during a war, or the presence of an armed force to dissuade violence in a situation. Positive Peace might be education of the masses on human rights, disarmament efforts, or the presence of programs that offer informal conflict resolution between community members (all, of course, coexisting with an absence of violence and war). Structural violence, or indirect violence, is the result of social structures or institutions that prevent people from meeting their basic needs and accessing their basic human rights. Assefa describes this as “killing people without the use of the gun” (1993: 3). For example, hunger can be the result of structural violence, as economic and social systems may prevent people from being able to access adequate food supplies, particularly in societies where there are rich people with excess food supplies, and especially when public resources are diverted to other areas, such as military spending.  Some of the barriers that get in the way of peace are: Prejudice:An unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge The word "prejudice" comes from the Latin roots "prae" (in advance) and "judicum" (judgment), which essentially means to judge before or "pre-judge". Favorable prejudice causes us to accept people and ideas without examining them. Unfavorable prejudice causes us to think badly of people or ideas without examining them. Prejudice is a learned response. We learn it from families, friends and our culture. Stereotypes; stereotype is a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have.  • Girls are not good at sports. • Guys are messy and unclean. • All Arabs and Muslims are terrorists. • All teenagers are rebels. Competition. Teachers can help to build classrooms that contribute to a more peaceful world by helping all children work to achieve their best. Instead of competing against each other, they can work together in studies as well as play or sports activities. Role of Teacher in Peace Education According to Dr. kothari” “The destiny of a nation is shaped inside the four walls of classroom” The teacher has the greatest responsibility of building a nation. In a multi -cultural and multi religious country like Pakistan, the teacher’s task is very noble and ennobling. Teachers are the mirrors of coming generation I the form of students and an effective element of establishing peaceful atmosphere. A teacher’s prime responsibility is to help student become good human being, motivated, to fulfil their true potential not only for their own benefits but also for the betterment of the society. The teacher and school may device other context-specific strategies to develop among students a sense of openness and comprehension about diverse cultures, histories, and fundamental shared values. Teacher can play a key role in implanting peace education as;  Value and model life-long learning.  Know the curriculum and communicate expectation to students and parents.