Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with 100% correct Answers, Exams of Pediatrics

Download Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with 100% correct Answers and more Exams Pediatrics in PDF only on Docsity! Pediatrics Exam 1 Practice Questions with 100% correct Answers While examining a 2-year-old child, the nurse in charge sees that the anterior fontanel is open. The nurse should: A. Notify the doctor B. Look for other signs of abuse C. Recognize this as a normal finding D. Ask about a family history of Tay-Sachs disease - Correct answer A. Notify the doctor When developing a plan of care for a male adolescent, the nurse considers the child's psychosocial needs. During adolescence, psychosocial development focuses on: A. Becoming industrious B. Establishing an identity C. Achieving intimacy D. Developing initiative - Correct answer B. Establishing an identity A mother asks the nurse how to handle her 5-year-old child, who recently started wetting the pants after being completely toilet trained. The child just started attending nursery school 2 days a week. Which principle should guide the nurse's response? A. The child forgets previously learned skills B. The child experiences growth while regressing, regrouping, and then progressing C. The parents may refer less mature behaviors D. The child returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of security. - Correct answer D. The child returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of security. Nurse Kim is teaching a group of parents about otitis media. When discussing why children are predisposed to this disorder, the nurse should mention the significance of which anatomical feature? A. Eustachian tubes B. Nasopharynx C. Tympanic membrane D. External ear canal - Correct answer A. Eustachian tubes Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse in charge detects dry mucous membranes and lethargy. What other findings suggest a fluid volume deficit? A. A sunken fontanel B. Decreased pulse rate C. Increased blood pressure D. Low urine specific gravity - Correct answer A. A sunken fontanel Lily , age 5, with an intelligence quotient of 65 is admitted to the hospital for evaluation. When planning care, the nurse should keep in mind that this child is: A. Within the lower range of normal intelligence B. Mildly retarded but educable C. Moderately retarded but trainable D. Completely dependent on others for care - Correct answer B. Mildly retarded but educable When evaluating a severely depressed adolescent, the nurse knows that one indicator of a high risk for suicide is: A. Depression B. Excessive sleepiness C. A history of cocaine use D. A preoccupation with death - Correct answer D. A preoccupation with death Which of the following is the best method for performing a physical examination on a toddler? A. From head to toe B. Distally to proximally C. From abdomen to toes, the to head mother asks if his weight is normal for his age. The nurse ' s best response is: 1. "At 6 months, his weight should be approximately three times his birth weight." 2. "Each child gains weight at his or her own pace." 3. "At 6 months, his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight." 4. "At 6 months, a child should weigh about 10 lb more than his or her birth weight." - Correct answer 3. "At 6 months, his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight." The nurse is going to give a 6-month-old a dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) IM. What must the nurse do when the 1.5-mL dose arrives from the pharmacy? 1. Administer the injection into the deltoid muscle. 2. Divide the dose into two injections. 3. Administer the injection into the dorsogluteal muscle. 4. Give dose as a single injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. - Correct answer 4. Give dose as a single injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. Which statements by an infant ' s mother lead the nurse to believe that she needs further education about the nutritional needs of a 6-month-old? Select all that apply. 1. "I will continue to breastfeed my son and will give him oatmeal cereal two times a day." 2. "I will start my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables." 3. "I will start my son on carrots and will introduce one new vegetable every few days." 4. "I will not give my son any more than 4 to 6 ounces of baby juice per day." 5. "I will make sure my son gets cereal three times a day." - Correct answer 2. "I will start my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables." 4. "I will not give my son any more than 4 to 6 ounces of baby juice per day." 5. "I will make sure my son gets cereal three times a day." Which statement accurately describes the best method for assessing a 12- month-old? 1. The nurse should assess the child on the examining table. 2. The nurse should assess the child in a head-to-toe sequence. 3. The nurse should have the child ' s parent assist in holding her down. 4. The nurse should assess the child while she is in her parent ' s lap. - Correct answer 4. The nurse should assess the child while she is in her parent ' s lap. Which toy is the best choice for a 12-month-old? 1. Baby doll. 2. Musical rattle. 3. Board book. 4. Colorful beads. - Correct answer 2. Musical rattle. The parents of a newborn are asking the nurse how to use the infant car seat andwhere it should be placed in their vehicle. Which is the most appropriate action bythe nurse? 1. Give the parents a pamphlet explaining how to install the car seat. 2. Accompany the parents to the car and show them how to install the car seat. 3. Contact the hospital ' s car-seat safety offi cer and ask the offi cer to accompany theparents to the car for car-seat installation. 4. Show the parents a video on car-seat installation and safety and ask if they arecomfortable with the information. - Correct answer 3. Contact the hospital ' s car-seat safety officer and ask the officer to accompany the parents to the car for car-seat installation. Which finding would the nurse consider abnormal when performing a physical assessment on a 6-month-old? 1. Posterior fontanel is open. 2. Anterior fontanel is open. 3. Beginning signs of tooth eruption. 4. Able to track and follow objects. - Correct answer . 1. Posterior fontanel is open. A mother requests that her child receive the varicella vaccine at the 9- month well child checkup. The nurse tells the mother that: 1. Children who are vaccinated will likely develop a mild case of the disease. 2. The vaccine cannot be given at that visit. 3. The vaccine will be administered after the physician examines the child. 4. A booster vaccination will be needed at 18 months of age. - Correct answer 2. The vaccine cannot be given at that visit. Which should the nurse teach the parents is one of the most common causes of injury and death for a 9-month-old infant? 1. Poisoning. 2. Child abuse. 3. Aspiration. 4. Dog bites. - Correct answer 3. Aspiration. An 8-day-old was admitted to the hospital with vomiting and dehydration. The newborn ' s heart rate is 170, respiratory rate is 44, blood pressure is 85/52, and temperature is 99°F (37.2°C). What is the nurse ' s best response to the parents who ask if the vital signs are normal? 1. "The blood pressure is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 2. "The temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 3. "The respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 4. "The heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." - Correct answer 4. "The heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." The mother of an 11-month-old with iron-deficiency anemia tells the nurse that her infant is currently taking iron and a multivitamin. Which statement made by the mother should be of concern to the nurse? 1. "I give the iron and multivitamin at the same time each morning." 2. "I give the iron and multivitamin in the morning 6-oz bottle." 3. "I give the iron and multivitamin 2 hours before I feed the morning bottle." 4. "I give the iron and multivitamin in oral syringes toward the back of the cheek." - Correct answer 2. "I give the iron and multivitamin in the morning 6-oz bottle." The nurse is using the FLACC scale to rate the pain level in a 9-month-old. Whichis the nurse ' s best response to the father ' s question of what the FLACC scale is? 1. "It estimates a child ' s level of pain utilizing vital sign information." A 4-year-old is hospitalized for an ASD repair. The parents have decided to go home for a few hours to spend time with their other children. The child asks when her mommy and daddy will be back. The nurse' s best response is: 1. "Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap." 2. "Your mommy and daddy will be back at 6:00 p.m." 3. "Your mommy and daddy will be back later this evening." 4. "Your mommy and daddy will be back in 3 hours." - Correct answer 1. "Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap." Which approach should the nurse use to gather information from a child brought to the ED for suspected child abuse? 1. Promise the child that her parents will not know what she tells the nurse. 2. Promise the child that she will not have to see the suspected abuser again. 3. Use correct anatomical terms to discuss body parts. 4. Tell the child that the abuse is not her fault and that she is a good person. - Correct answer 4. Tell the child that the abuse is not her fault and that she is a good person. Which reaction would a nurse expect when giving a preschooler immunizations? 1. The child remains silent and still. 2. The child cries and tells the nurse that it hurts. 3. The child tries to stall the nurse. 4. The child remains still while telling the nurse that she is hurting him. - Correct answer 2. The child cries and tells the nurse that it hurts. What can a nurse do to reinforce a 5-year-old ' s intellectual initiative when he asks about his upcoming surgery? 1. Answer the child ' s questions about his upcoming surgery in simple terms. 2. Provide the child with a book that has vivid illustrations about his surgery. 3. Tell the child he should wait and ask the doctor his questions. 4. Tell the child that she will answer his questions at a later time. - Correct answer 1. Answer the child ' s questions about his upcoming surgery in simple terms. A 5-year-old boy has always been one of the shortest children in class. His mother tells the school nurse that her husband is 6 ′ tall and she is 5 ′ 7 ″ . What should the nurse tell the child ' s mother? 1. He is expected to grow about 2 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years. 2. He is expected to grow about 3 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years. 3. He should be seen by an endocrinologist for growth-hormone injections. 4. His growth should be re-evaluated when he is 7 years old. - Correct answer 1. He is expected to grow about 2 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years. A 3-year-old admitted to the hospital with croup has the following vital signs: heart rate 90, respiratory rate 44, blood pressure 100/52, and temperature 98.8°F(37.1°C). The parents ask the nurse if these vital signs are normal. The nurse ' s best response is: 1. "Your son ' s blood pressure is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." 2. "Your son ' s temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." 3. "Your son ' s respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." 4. "Your son ' s heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." - Correct answer 3. "Your son ' s respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." Which action is a developmentally appropriate method for eliciting a 4-year- old 's cooperation in obtaining the blood pressure? 1. Have the child ' s parents help put on the blood pressure cuff. 2. Tell the child that if he sits still, the blood pressure machine will go quickly. 3. Ask the child if he feels a squeezing of his arm. 4. Tell the child that measuring the blood pressure will not hurt. - Correct answer 3. Ask the child if he feels a squeezing of his arm. A 3-year-old is attending her grandfather ' s funeral. Her parents told her that her grandfather is in heaven with God. Which statement describes a 3- year-old child 's understanding of spirituality? 1. "The body is here with us on Earth, and the spirit is in heaven." 2. "He is in heaven. Is this heaven?" 3. "The spirit is no longer in his body." 4. "He won ' t need his body in heaven." - Correct answer 2. "He is in heaven. Is this heaven?" A 4-year-old boy has been hospitalized because he fell down the stairs. His mother is crying and states, "This is all my fault." Which is the nurse ' s best response? 1. "Accidents happen. You shouldn't blame yourself." 2. "Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age-group." 3. "It may be a good idea to put a gate on the stairs." 4. "Your son should be proficient at walking down the stairs by now." - Correct answer 2. "Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age- group." Which nursing action is most appropriate to gain information about how a child is feeling? 1. Actively attempt to make friends with the child before asking about her feelings. 2. Ask the child ' s parents what feelings she has expressed in regard to her diagnosis. 3. Provide the child with some paper to draw a picture of how she is feeling. 4. Ask the child direct questions about how she is feeling. - Correct answer 3. Provide the child with some paper to draw a picture of how she is feeling. Which statements would indicate to the nurse that a school-age child is not developmentally on track for age? Select all that apply. 1. The child is able to follow a four- to five-step command. 2. The child started wetting the bed on admission to the hospital. 3. The child has an imaginary friend named Kelly. 4. The child enjoys playing board games with her sister. 5. The child is not able to follow rules. - Correct answer 3. The child has an imaginary friend named Kelly. 5. The child is not able to follow rules. Which statement accurately describes how the nurse should approach an 11-year-oldto do a physical assessment? 1. Ask the child ' s parents to remain in the room during the physical exam. 2. Auscultate the heart, lungs, and abdomen first. 3. Explain that the physical exam will not hurt. 1. "We will need to contact your parents to let them know." 2. "We will not contact your parents regarding this visit." 3. "Who would you like us to contact about your visit here today?" 4. "We cannot promise that the hospital will not contact your parents." - Correct answer 2. "We will not contact your parents regarding this visit." A 13-year-old boy is hospitalized for a femur fracture. He was hit by a car while he and his friends were racing bikes near a major intersection. The child ' s parents are concerned about his judgment. The nurse should tell the parents that the behavior is: 1. Typical of young teens. 2. Related to hormonal surges during adolescence. 3. An isolated incident and will not likely happen again. 4. Related to teen rebellion. - Correct answer 1. Typical of young teens. 16-year-old is having a discussion with the nurse about the teen ' s recent diagnosis of lupus. In explaining the child ' s prognosis, the nurse uses the knowledge that adolescents are: 1. Preoccupied with thoughts of the here and now. 2. Able to understand and imagine possibilities for the future. 3. Capable of thinking only in concrete terms. 4. Overly concerned with past events and relationships. - Correct answer 2. Able to understand and imagine possibilities for the future. The mother of a 13-year-old girl tells the nurse that she is concerned because her daughter has gained 10 lb since she began puberty. The child ' s mother asks the nurse for advice about what to do about her daughter ' s weight gain. Which should the nurse do? 1. Provide the child ' s mother with some pamphlets on nutrition and healthy eating. 2. Provide the child ' s mother with information about a new exercise program for teens. 3. Inform the child ' s mother that it is common for teen girls to gain weight during puberty. 4. Inform the child ' s mother that her daughter will likely gain another 5 to 10 lb in the next year. - Correct answer 3. Inform the child ' s mother that it is common for teen girls to gain weight during puberty. An adolescent has a diagnosis of new-onset diabetes. What would most influence a teenager's food choices as he begins to make changes in his diet?1. Parents and their dietary choices. 2. Cultural background. 3. Peers and their dietary choices. 4. Television and other forms of media influence. - Correct answer 3. Peers and their dietary choices. During an adolescent ' s initial physical assessment, the nurse notes signs and symptoms of nutritional deficit. Which assessment led the nurse to this initial conclusion? 1. Protein level within normal limits. 2. Blood pressure is 110/66. 3. Hair and nails are brittle and dry. 4. Teeth appear to be eroded. - Correct answer 3. Hair and nails are brittle and dry. The mother of an adolescent complains that he has had some recent behavioral changes. He comes home from school every day, closes his door, and refrains from interaction with his family. The nurse ' s best response to the mother is: 1. "You should speak with your son and ask him directly what is wrong with him." 2. "You should set limits with your son and tell him that this is unacceptable behavior." 3. "Your son ' s behavior is abnormal, and he is going to need a psychiatric referral." 4. "Your son ' s behavior is normal. You should listen to him without being judgmental." - Correct answer 4. "Your son's behavior is normal. You should listen to him without being judgmental." The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure? 1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need. 2. Anticipate all needs of the newborn infant. 3. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying. 4. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying. - Correct answer 1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need. The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist when the objects are outside of the visual field. Based on this observation, which action should the nurse take? 1. Report the observation to the pediatrician 2. Move the objects in the child's direct field of vision. 3. Teach the child how to visually scan the environment. 4. Provide additional lighting for the child during play activities. - Correct answer 1. Report the observation to the pediatrician The nurse is describing Piaget's cognitive developmental theory to pediatric nursing staff. The nurse should tell that staff that which child behavior is characteristic of the formal operations stage? 1. The child has the ability to think abstractly. 2. The child begins to understand the environment. 3. The child is able to classify, order, and sort facts. 4. The child learns to think in terms of past, present, and future. - Correct answer 1. The child has the ability to think abstractly. The mother of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should make which response? 1. "You need to be concerned." 2. "You need to monitor the child's behavior closely." 3. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality." 4. "You need to provide more praise to the child to stop this behavior." - Correct answer 3. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality." A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instructions should the nurse provide to the parent? Select all that apply. 1. Set limits on the child's behavior. 2. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs. 3. Allow the behavior, because this is normal at this age period. The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother? 1. Allow the bottle if it contains juice. 2. Allow the bottle if it contains water. 3. Do not allow the child to have the bottle. 4. Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime. - Correct answer 2. Allow the bottle if it contains water. The nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which is the most appropriate activity for this child? 1. A radio 2. A sports video 3. Large picture books 4. Crayons and a coloring book - Correct answer 4. Crayons and a coloring book The mother of a 3-year-old asks a clinic nurse about appropriate and safe toys for the child. The nurse should tell the mother that the most appropriate toy for a 3-year-old is which? 1. A wagon 2. A golf set 3. A farm set 4. A jack set with marbles - Correct answer 1. A wagon Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant? Select all that apply. 1. Provide swaddling. 2. Talk in a loud voice. 3. Provide the infant with a bottle of juice at nap time. 4. Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs. 5. Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes. 6. Allow the infant to cry for at least 10 minutes before responding. - Correct answer 1. Provide swaddling. 4. Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs. 5. Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes. The nurse is preparing to care for a dying client, and several family members are at the client's bedside. Which therapeutic techniques should the nurse use when communicating with the family? Select all that apply. 1. Discourage reminiscing. 2. Make the decisions for the family. 3. Encourage expression of feelings, concerns, and fears. 4. Explain everything that is happening to all family members. 5. Touch and hold the client's or family member's hand if appropriate. 6. Be honest and let the client and family know they will not be abandoned by the nurse. - Correct answer 3. Encourage expression of feelings, concerns, and fears. 5. Touch and hold the client's or family member's hand if appropriate. 6. Be honest and let the client and family know they will not be abandoned by the nurse. The clinic nurse is assessing a child who is scheduled to receive a live virus vaccine (immunization). What are the general contraindications associated with receiving a live virus vaccine? Select all that apply. 1. The child has symptoms of a cold. 2. The child had a previous anaphylactic reaction to the vaccine. 3. The mother reports that the child is having intermittent episodes of diarrhea. 4. The mother reports that the child has not had an appetite and has been fussy. 5. The child has a disorder that caused a severely deficient immune system. 6. The mother reports that the child has recently been exposed to an infectious disease. - Correct answer 2. The child had a previous anaphylactic reaction to the vaccine. 5. The child has a disorder that caused a severely deficient immune system. What is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants older than 12 months? a) Deltoid b) Vastus Lateralis c) Gluteal region d) Subcutaneous tissue - Correct answer b) Vastus Lateralis Why is securing the parent's involvement important in pediatric pain management? a) Parents can administer medications more effectively than healthcare providers. b) It ensures the child's comfort and helps in developing trust. c) Parents can decide on the appropriate dosage of pain medications. d) Healthcare providers are legally required to involve parents in pain management. - Correct answer b) It ensures the child's comfort and helps in developing trust. Why is it important to give Varicella and MMR vaccines separately if not given together? a) They have a higher risk of adverse reactions. b) They are live vaccines and may interfere with each other's effectiveness. c) They are less effective when given together. d) The child may develop allergies to both vaccines. - Correct answer b) They are live vaccines and may interfere with each other's effectiveness. A mother brings her 8 month old child in for a well visit. Which statement by the mother would raise concern for the infants safety and the mother would need to be re-educated? "I love using the hot steam vaporizer when he has a cold." "We have a gate at the stairs." "Yesterday I threw away all of our house plants." "He is still riding in a rear-facing car seat." - Correct answer "I love using the hot steam vaporizer when he has a cold." A first-time mother asks you what type of toy would be best for her 2 1/2 year old. Your response is? Push-pull toys, large balls, and wooden puzzles Marbles, dress-up clothes, and card games Movies, computer games, and board games Video games, CDs, remote control truck - Correct answer Push-pull toys, large balls, and wooden puzzles In terms of fine motor development, what should the infant of 7 months be able to do? a. Transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table. b. Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp and release an object at will. c. Hold a crayon between the fingers and make a mark on paper. d. Release cubes into a cup and build a tower of two blocks. - Correct answer a. Transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table. At what age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 10 months - Correct answer c. 8 months The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that this is: a. unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). b. unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones. c. acceptable to encourage fine motor development. d. acceptable to encourage head control and turning over. - Correct answer d. acceptable to encourage head control and turning over. By what age should the nurse expect an infant to be able to pull to a standing position? a. 6 months b. 8 months c. 11 to 12 months d. 14 to 15 months - Correct answer c. 11 to 12 months According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant would be in what developmental stage? a. Use of reflexes b. Primary circular reactions c. Secondary circular reactions d. Coordination of secondary schemata - Correct answer c. Secondary circular reactions Which of the following behaviors indicates that an infant has developed object permanence? a. Recognizes familiar face, such as mother b. Recognizes familiar object, such as bottle c. Actively searches for a hidden object d. Secures objects by pulling on a string - Correct answer c. Actively searches for a hidden object At what age do most infants begin to fear strangers? a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 6 months d. 12 months - Correct answer c. 6 months Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks of gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child, who was term. The nurse should explain that: a. infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics. b. infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines. c. Sara's behavior is suggestive of failure to bond completely with her parents. d. Sara's difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period. - Correct answer a. infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics. What information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? a. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. b. Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills. c. Provide child with fingerpaints to enhance fine motor skills. d. Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination. - Correct answer a. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. Which of the following is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation? a. Playing peek-a-boo b. Playing pat-a-cake c. Imitating animal sounds d. Showing how to clap hands - Correct answer a. Playing peek-a-boo Which of the following would be the best play activity for a 6-month-old infant to provide tactile stimulation? a. Allow to splash in bath. b. Give various colored blocks. c. Play music box, tapes, or CDs. d. Use infant swing or stroller. - Correct answer a. Allow to splash in bath. At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months - Correct answer b. 2 months At about what age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months - Correct answer c. 3 months What is normally the earliest age at which an infant begins teething with eruption of lower central incisors? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 12 months - Correct answer b. 6 months What information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy? a. Solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months, when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear. b. Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days. c. Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant. Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this behavior? a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric. c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them. d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong. - Correct answer b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric. Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and "scolds" the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an example of which of the following? a. Animism b. Ritualism c. Irreversibility d. Delayed cognitive development - Correct answer a. Animism Which of the following is a characteristic of a toddler's language development at age 18 months? a. Vocabulary of 25 words b. Increasing level of comprehension c. Use of holo phrases d. Approximately one third of speech understandable - Correct answer b. Increasing level of comprehension Which of the following characteristics best describes the gross motor skills of a 24- month-old child? a. Skips and can hop in place on one foot b. Rides tricycle and broad jumps c. Jumps with both feet and stands on one foot momentarily d. Walks up and down stairs and runs with a wide stance - Correct answer d. Walks up and down stairs and runs with a wide stance A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over. c. Remain close by the child but without eye contact. d. Explain to child that this is wrong. - Correct answer c. Remain close by the child but without eye contact. A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. The most appropriate recommendation is which of the following? a. Punish the child. b. Provide more attention. c. Ask child not always to say "no." d. Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer. - Correct answer d. Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer. Which one of the following techniques is best for dealing with the negativism of the toddler? a. Offer the child choices. b. Remain serious and intent. c. Provide few or no choices for child. d. Quietly and calmly ask the child to comply. - Correct answer a. Offer the child choices. The parents of a 2 year old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use "baby talk" since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend which of the following? a. Ignore the "baby talk." b. Explain to the toddler that "baby talk" is for babies .c. Tell the toddler frequently, "You are a big kid now." d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech. - Correct answer a. Ignore the "baby talk." Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." Which of the following should the nurse recommend? a. Give her nutritious snacks .b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her. - Correct answer a. Give her nutritious snacks Developmentally, most children at age 12 months: a. use a spoon adeptly. b. relinquish the bottle voluntarily. c. eat the same food as the rest of the family. d. reject all solid food in preference to the bottle. - Correct answer c. eat the same food as the rest of the family. Which of the following is an appropriate recommendation for preventing tooth decay in young children? a. Substitute raisins for candy. b. Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum. c. Use honey or molasses instead of refined sugar. d. When sweets are to be eaten, select a time not during meals. - Correct answer b. Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum. The nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers. The nurse's rationale for this action is which of the following? a. They are low in nutritive value. b. They are high in sodium c. They cannot be entirely digested. d. They can be easily aspirated. - Correct answer d. They can be easily aspirated. The most fatal type of burn in the toddler age-group is: a. flame burn from playing with matches. b. scald burn from high-temperature tap water c. hot object burn from cigarettes or irons. d. electric burn from electric outlets. - Correct answer a. flame burn from playing with matches. Which of the following would the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child? a. Jump rope b. Ride a two-wheel bicycle c. Skip on alternate feet d. Balance on one foot for a few seconds - Correct answer d. Balance on one foot for a few seconds In terms of fine motor development, what could the 3-year-old child be expected to do? a. Lace shoes and tie shoelaces with a bow b. Use scissors to cut pictures, and print a few numbers c. Draw a person with seven parts and correctly identify the parts e. Tell exaggerated stories. Which of the following describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children? a. Have developed the ability to reason abstractly b. Are capable of scientific reasoning and formal logic c. Progress from making judgments based on what they reason to making judgments based on what they see d. Are able to classify, to group and sort, and to hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept - Correct answer d. Are able to classify, to group and sort, and to hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept What is the role of the peer group in the life of school-age children? a. Gives them an opportunity to learn dominance and hostility b. Allows them to remain dependent on their parents for a longer time c. Decreases their need to learn appropriate sex roles d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents - Correct answer d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents Which of the following is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years? a. Cheating during games is now more common. b. Lying results from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy. c. They may steal because their sense of property rights is limited. d. They may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain. - Correct answer d. They may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain. The father of 12-year-old Ryan tells the nurse that he is concerned about his son getting "fat." Ryan is at the 50th percentile for height and the 75th percentile for weight on the growth chart. The most appropriate nursing action is which of the following? a. Reassure father that Ryan is not fat. b. Reassure father that Ryan is just a growing child. c. Suggest a low-calorie, low-fat diet. d. Explain that this is typical of the growth pattern of boys at this age. - Correct answer d. Explain that this is typical of the growth pattern of boys at this age. A child has an evulsed (knocked-out) tooth. The parents are reluctant to try to reimplant the tooth. Where should the tooth be placed for transport to the dentist? a. In cold milk b. In cold water c. In warm salt water d. In a dry, clean jar - Correct answer a. In cold milk When teaching injury prevention during the school-age years, which of the following should the nurse include? a. Teach children to fear strangers. b. Teach basic rules of water safety. c. Avoid letting child cook in microwave ovens. d. Caution child against engaging in competitive sports. - Correct answer b. Teach basic rules of water safety. According to Piaget, the adolescent is in the fourth stage of cognitive development, or period of what? a. Formal operations b. Concrete operations c. Conventional thought d. Postconventional thought - Correct answer a. Formal operations Which of the following aspects of cognition develops during adolescence? a. Capability to use a future time perspective b. Ability to place things in a sensible and logical order c. Ability to see things from the point of view of another d. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason - Correct answer a. Capability to use a future time perspective Why do peer relationships become more important during adolescence? a. Adolescents dislike their parents. b. Adolescents no longer need parental control. c. They provide adolescents with a feeling of belonging. d. They promote a sense of individuality in adolescents. - Correct answer c. They provide adolescents with a feeling of belonging.