Pentateuch - Introduction to Christianity - Lecture Slides, Slides of Religion

Download Pentateuch - Introduction to Christianity - Lecture Slides and more Slides Religion in PDF only on Docsity! The Pentateuch Terminology:  “Pentateuch” = “five books”  Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy  “Torah” = “law” Content: Pre-history of Israel i. Primeval history (Gen. 1-11) - Creation and fall of world ii. Patriarchal history (Gen 12-50) - Promise to be God’s nation iii. The Exodus (Exodus-Deut.) - Deliverance and journey to promised land Origin of Pentateuch - two theories: – Mosaic authorship - Moses wrote Pentateuch. – Documentary hypothesis  Evidence of multiple authors: varied styles; multiple accounts of same story (e.g., Creation told twice); contradictions; etc.  Four originally separate source documents woven together: – J (950 BC) - Yahwistic source (uses “Yahweh”=God’s personal name) – E (800 BC) - Elohistic source (uses “Elohim” = generic word for God) – D (650 BC) - Deuteronomic source (mostly in Deuteronomy) – P (550 BC) - Priestly source (priestly perspective) Docsity.com I. Primeval History (Gen. 1-11) • Creation of the world (Gen. 1-2) – Two accounts of Creation • P-account (1:1-2:4a) – majestic, poetic account – Elohim – generic Hebrew word for “God” – Begins with dark, watery chaos – Orderly – seven days (light-humans) – Humans made “in image of God” – Creation is pronounced “good” – Rested on 7th day – “Sabbath” rooted in structure of creation • J-account (2:4b-25) – down-to-earth account – Yahweh (“LORD” in all-caps indicates Hebrew text has “Yahweh”) – personal name of Israel’s god (other sources defer use of “Yahweh” until Exodus 3) – Different imagery: begins with dry, barren desert – Different order: Man (“Adam” = “man/mankind”) – made first – Garden of Eden (“delight”) – vegetation – Animals – naming of animals symbolizes dominion over them – Woman (“Eve” = “life”) – last but not least – Tree of Life – symbolizes potential for immortality – Tree of Knowledge – symbolizes testing of obedience Docsity.com I. Primeval History (Gen. 1-11) B.The Fall (Gen. 3) – Rebellion in the Garden – Sin  Ate forbidden fruit (not called apple)  Sin is rebellion against God. – Judgment  Serpent – crawl on belly  Woman – increased pain in childbirth  Man – unrewarded labor  Expulsion from Garden – lost immortality; alienated from God. – Grace (God’s continuing care in spite of sin)  Made clothing  Allowed to bear children Docsity.com I. Primeval History (Gen. 1-11) Sin Judgment Grace Rebellion in Garden (Gen. 3) Ate forbidden fruit Crawl; pain in childbirth; toil; expulsion Clothing; children Cain and Abel (Gen. 4) Murder (fratricide) Unrewarded labor; wanderer without protection Protective mark Great flood (Gen. 6-9) General multiplication of wickedness Universal flood Noah’s ark Tower of Babel (Gen. 11) Building of city and tower (self- seeking pride) Confusion of language; scattering of people Call and promise to Abraham; Israel to be redemptive people of God (Gen. 12 ff.) Docsity.com II. Patriarchal History (Gen. 12-50) • Abraham (Gen. 12-25) – Founding “father” of Israel (“Abraham” = “father of many”) – Abraham’s “call and promise” (Gen. 12:1-3) • Demand: Go to a new land which God will show him. • Promise: Great nation (Israel). – Descendants – many heirs – Israel as “chosen people.” – Land – “Promised Land.” – Israel to be instrument of blessing for all nations. – Migration from Mesopotamia (Ur/Haran) to Canaan • Promised Land is known as Canaan or Palestine. • Strategically located between Egypt and Mesopotamia. – Theme of barrenness of Sarah (and other patriarchal wives) and struggle to trust God’s promise. – Abraham is revered by all three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam. Map Docsity.com III. The Exodus (Exodus-Deut.) – c. 1290 BC B.Covenant at Mt. Sinai – Covenant  “An agreement binding two parties together under mutual obligation.”  Many types.  Based on God’s deliverance of Israel (Ex. 19:4-6). 2.Ten Commandments  Stipulations (terms) of the covenant.  Known as “Decalogue” (“ten words”).  Found in Exodus 20 and Deut. 5.  “Absolute” form (“Thou shalt/not…”) Map Docsity.com The Ten Commandments Preamble (Ex. 20:2): God’s deliverance (exodus) puts Israel under obligation. Vertical Dimension I. Worship no other gods (henotheism). II. No idols (images of God). III. No misuse of God’s name. IV. Keep the Sabbath (no work on seventh day). Horizontal Dimension V. Honor the parents. VI. No murder/killing (unauthorized taking of human life). VII. No adultery (violation of another man’s wife). VIII. No stealing. IX. No false witness (lying in court). X. No coveting (unrestrained desire). Docsity.com III. The Exodus (Exodus-Deut.) – c. 1290 BC B.Covenant at Mt. Sinai (cont.) 3.Additional law codes  Gathered in Exodus-Deut.  Detailed civil, criminal, and religious ordinances.  “Covenant code” (Ex. 21-23) – conditional form (“if…then”).  Instructions for Tabernacle (Ex. 25-30; 35-40) – portable tent sanctuary.  Leviticus – priestly instructions on sacrifices, holy days, ritual purity, etc.  Deuteronomy (“second law”) – exhortation to keep commandments in form of speeches of Moses. Docsity.com Sphere of Hvisos contra in Egypt 0 100 300 400 tues 200 ——— 6 100 200 300° 400 Kilometers THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST IN THE TIME OF THE PATRIARCHS (2000 -1550) « City ° City (uncertain location) fay] Old Assyrian Kingdom [ED Kingdom of Mari [0 eo The Winy of the band qptne PEST Faoh Saint Jebel Magharah 7. +4 Se tte THE ROUTE OF THE ‘EXODUS EXOD, 13:17-19:3, NUM. 10:1 1-12:16; 33:1-36 aan @— Northern route <— Central route => Alternate central route @— Southern route +. Alternate route from Jebel Musa to Kadesh-barnea City © City (uncertain location) Mountain peak Possible locations for Mt. Sinai Major roads