Understanding Personality Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Clusters, Slides of Human ethology

Download Understanding Personality Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Clusters and more Slides Human ethology in PDF only on Docsity! Personality Disorders Docsity.com Outline • What are Personality Disorders? • Three Clusters of Disorders – Odd-Eccentric – Dramatic-Emotional – Anxious-Fearful • What about Multiple Personalities? – Dissociative Identity Disorder • Gender Bias in Diagnosis Docsity.com 9. Do you have a pattern of unstable and intense relationships with others? 10. Do you have continuous feelings of emptiness? 11. Do you feel uncomfortable in situations where you are not the centre of attention? 12. Are you easily influenced by others or are you suggestible? 13. Are you generally envious of other people? 14. Are you preoccupied with unlimited success or ideal love? 15. Are you unwilling to get involved with people unless you are certain of being liked? Docsity.com 16. Do you view yourself as socially inept, personally unappealing or inferior to others? 17. Do you have a difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others? 18. Are you preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of yourself? 19. Are you preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules? 20. Are you such a perfectionist that it interferes with your work? Docsity.com Cluster A • Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders – Similar symptoms to schizophrenia • Inappropriate or flat affect • Odd thought and speech patterns • Paranoia – Maintain their grasp on reality though – Types • Paranoid • Schizoid • Schizotypal Docsity.com Schizotypal Personality • Characterized by – Peculiarities of thinking – Odd beliefs – Eccentricities • Appearance • Behaviour • Interactions • Thought Docsity.com DSM-IV category Relation to Big Five Primary characteristics The Odd/Eccentric Cluster of Personality Disorders Description based on Big Five model Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Suspicious, chronically hostile, envious, tense, loners Isolated fram others, with a lack of emo- tional expression Odd mannerisms, appearances, and expe- riences; pervasively detached from others High neuroticism and low agreeableness Low extraversion and low agreeableness High neuroticism plus low extraversion and low agreeableness Source: Costa & McCrae (1990); Soldz et al. (1993); Trull (1992); Wiggins & Pincus (1989), Docsity.com Cluster B • Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorders – Characteristics • Tend to be manipulative, volatile, and uncaring in social relationships • Prone to impulsive, sometimes violent behaviors that show little regard for their own safety or the safety or needs of others – Types • Histrionic • Narcissistic • Borderline • Antisocial Docsity.com Borderline • Identity confusion • Rapid fluctuations in mood • Intense, unstable relationships • Impulsivity Susanna Kaysen Docsity.com Antisocial • Lack of regard for morals and laws – Lack of empathy – Criminal behaviour • Inability to get along with others and abide by social rules – Violate the rights of others Charles Manson Docsity.com Relation to Big Five a) The Dramatc/Emotional/Eratic Cluster of Personality Disorders DSM-IV category Primary characteristics Description based on Big Five model Histrionic Shallow; always seeking attention; exagger- High extraversion and high neuroticism ated emotions; seductive Narcissistic Inflated self-esteem; low empathy for others; Low agreeableness feels entitled to special privileges Borderline Unstable moods; impulsive behaviors; angry; High neuroticism, low agreeableness, lack of a coherent sense of self; interpersonal —_ low conscientiousness turmoil Antisocial Constantly violating rights of others; callous, Low agreeableness and low conscien- manipulative, dishonest; does not feel guilt tiousness Source: Costa & McCrae (1990); Soldz et al. (1993); Trull (1992); Wiggins & Pincus (1989). Docsity.com Dependent • Extreme need of other people – Unable to make own decisions • Fear of separation • Excessive submissive behaviour Docsity.com Obsessive-Compulsive Personality • Characterized by – Perfectionism & control – Inflexible & stubborn – Preoccupied with rules Monica on Friends Docsity.com Relation to Big Five ce The Anxious/Fearful Cluster of Personality Disorders DSM-IV category Primary characteristics Description based on Big Five model Avoidant Always feels inadequate, needs High neuroticism and low extraversion constant reassurance; timid and cautious Dependent Requires excessive advice and High neuroticism and high agreeableness guidance; very submissive; low self-esteem Obsessive-compulsive Overly conscientious, inhibited, High neuroticism, low extraversion, low and perfectionistic; preoccupied agreeableness, and high conscientiousness* with staying controlled “Note: High conscientiousness has not been found to correlate consistently with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. This may be due to differences in the way researchers measure conscientiousness, because it is difficult to conceive of an obsessive-compulsive personality that does not reflect extreme conscientiousness. Source: Costa & McCrae (1990); Soldz et al. (1993); Trull (1992); Wiggins & Pincus (1989), Docsity.com