Personality Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Abnormal Psychology

Download Personality Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Personality Disorders Ch 13 Docsity.com • Personality Disorders refer to long-standing, pervasive and inflexible patterns of behavior – Depart from cultural expectations – Impair social and occupational functioning – Cause emotional distress • Personality disorders are coded on Axis II of the DSM – Personality disorders can be a co-morbid condition for an Axis I disorder Personality Disorders Ch 13.1 Docsity.com Odd/Eccentric Cluster • Paranoid personality disorder (PD) involves suspicion of others, hostility, jealousy – No hallucinations and no full-blown delusions are present in paranoid PD • Paranoid PD occurs more frequently in men than in women • Lifetime prevalence is about 2 percent (D&N, 9th edition, p. 412) Ch 13.3 Docsity.com • Schizoid personality disorder (PD) involves – Reduced social relations and few friends – Reduced sexual desire and few pleasurable activities – Indifference to praise or criticism – Lonely life style • Prevalence of schizoid PD is less than 2 percent and occurs more commonly in men than women Odd/Eccentric Cluster Ch 13.4 Docsity.com • Schizotypal personality disorder (PD) involves – An attenuated form of schizophrenia • Odd beliefs and magical thinking • Recurrent illusions (things not present) • Ideas of reference (hidden meaning) • Behavior and appearance is eccentric • Prevalence of schizotypal PD is less than 1 percent. Odd/Eccentric Cluster Ch 13.5 Docsity.com Figure 13.1 Linehan’s Diathesis-Stress theory: Etiology of borderline personality disorder •Emotional dysregulation in child (diathesis) and a failure to validate the child’s feelings by the parents (stress) leads to a vicious cycle. –The emotional dysregulation may be inadvertently reinforced by parents if it becomes one of the only times the child receives parental attention. Docsity.com Borderline Personality Disorder Unstable Relationships – Avoid Abandonment Poor Self-Image – Mood Swings, Feel Empty Impulsivity – Substance Abuse, Sex, Suicidality Docsity.com Borderline Personality Disorder Causes – Runs in Families – Connection With Mood Disorders – Contribution of Early Abuse Docsity.com • Narcissistic personality disorder (PD) involves – A grandiose view of the person’s own importance – A strong sense of entitlement – A lack of empathy for others • Prevalence of narcissistic PD is less than 1 percent and this disorder co-occurs with borderline PD Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Ch 13.9 Docsity.com • Antisocial personality disorder (PD) involves – The presence of conduct disorder before the age of fifteen • Conduct disorder includes truancy, lying, theft, arson, running away from home and destruction of property – The continuation of these behaviors into adulthood • Prevalence of antisocial PD is about 3% of men and 1 % of women Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Ch 13.10 Docsity.com Etiology of Antisocial PD • Family issues may play a role in the development of antisocial PD – Lack of affection – Severe parental rejection – Inconsistent (or no) discipline • Twin studies show a greater concordance for antisocial PD in MZ twins relative to DZ twins • Adoption studies (e.g., Cadoret et al., 1995) – Adverse adoptive environment may be the stressor triggering the ASPD biological diathesis • Psychopaths – Have reduced gray matter in frontal lobes – Perform more poorly on tests of frontal lobe functioning – These findings are supportive of a key role for impulsivity in psychopathy Ch 13.11 Docsity.com Fig 13.2 Figure 13.2 Skin-conductance responses of psychopathic and non-psychopathic men. Psychopathic men's response to distress stimuli is evidence of a lack of empathy Docsity.com Antisocial Personality Disorder Neurobiological Influences – Underarousal Hypothesis Low Corical Arousal or “Tuning it Out”? – Fearlessness Hypothesis Fail to Show Normal Fear Fail to Avoid Punishment Docsity.com Antisocial Personality Disorder Treatment – Many Do Not Seek Treatment – Poor Prognosis – Focus on Prevention Docsity.com • Dependent personality disorder (PD) involves – A lack of self confidence – A lack of a sense of autonomy – A view that others are powerful while they are weak • Prevalence of Dependent PD is about 1.5 percent and occurs slightly more commonly in women than men – May be related to insecure “anxious” attachment Anxious/Fearful Cluster Ch 13.13 Docsity.com • Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder (PD) involves a person who – Is a perfectionist, but who does not complete projects – Is a ‘control freak” who must have their own way • Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive PD is about 1 percent and this disorder is co-morbid with avoidant PD Anxious/Fearful Cluster Ch 13.14 Docsity.com Dimensional vs. Categorical – Problem of Degree? – Problem of Kind? DSM-IV – Categorical View – Axis II – Ten Types Docsity.com