Personality Psychology - Psycology of Extremist - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Personality Psychology - Psycology of Extremist - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Personality Psychology Personality, Culture, and Religion Docsity.com Review Various Threats  Defensive Extremes (PxE) Same Threats  Approach Motivation (PxE) Behavioral Neuroscience (right line bisection) Neuroscience (Left EEG; rEEG*ACC) (PxE) Same Threats  Religious Zeal (PxE) Self-Affirmations Eliminate Distress and Extremism Healthy-Minded Religious Devotion Eastern and Western Overview Docsity.com Line Bisection Task: Behavioral Neuroscience Measure of Relative Cerebral Hemisphericity Please quickly look at each of the lines below and then make a short tick-mark on each line that divides it in half ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Docsity.com Behavioral Neuroscience 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 Low Self Esteem High Self- Esteem Rightward Line Bisection (Left Brain) Dentist Personal Uncertainty Mortality Salience Docsity.com heft EEG (F7F8). Line-Bisection Task =.38 0.35 -0.35 uv Docsity.com Academic Goal Frustration  Religious Zeal Which religious belief system do you most identify with? Jewish (20%) Christian (45%) Muslim (5%) Buddhist (10%) Atheist (20%) Docsity.com 1. Confident 2. Aspire to live and act according to 3. Grounded in objective truth 4. Most people would agree if understood 5. If publicly criticized would argue to defend it 6. Would support a war to defend 7. Would sacrifice my life to defend 8. Believe in my heart more correct than others’ Religious Zeal (scale from 1-5) Docsity.com Results Academic goal frustration caused: Overall zeal: 3.0  3.6 Support for war: 1.8  3.0 Docsity.com Highest Happiness from Contemplating Perfect Ideals and Abstract, Absolute Truth Docsity.com Defensive Pride and Idealism XXP Docsity.com Authoritarian Ideology Insecure Attachment and Narcissism Docsity.com “Self-Affirmation” Manipulations that Decrease Reactive Ideological Extremes • Love • Self-Worth • Values Affirmation • Group-Identification and Consensus • Same domains as defensive zeal (and stages) • Like zeal, self-affirmations relieve distress • Self-affirmations only work in the West – Among Eager, Idealistic People (see next) Docsity.com Salience of Dilemma after Conviction Expression 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Low High Explicit Self-Esteem Dilemma Salience Others' Conviction Own Conviction Docsity.com Salience of Dilemma after Pride Expression (McGregor, 2006, BASP) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 -1sd +1sd Self-Esteem Subjective Salience No Pride Pride Docsity.com Philosophies, Religions, Cultures as “Stories We Live By” • What to do? • Intrapersonal and interpersonal conflict • Way of Life; “Saved” from chaos; Hope for peace • Ritual reminders in community ‘worth-ship’ • Eastern and Western solutions Docsity.com Western Culture and Religion from: • Greek idealism – Pythagoras (582-500 BCE): Introspection and idealism from India to Greece; Socratic (470-399 BCE)/ Platonic (427-347 BCE) idealism for social utopia (Plato’s republic)—make a better, more ideal world – Abstract principles and categories, logical analysis, right and wrong, individually realized, “logos”—guides action – Highest happiness from contemplating self-realized, logical, abstract, ideal/essential truth (Plato and Aristotle) Docsity.com And from: • Empowering, Generative, Judaic Monotheisms (J, C, I) – Dominant, nature transcending, powerful, loving will of God. Humans in God’s image – Creeds, beliefs, the word, “logos,” people of the book. Ideals guide powerful action. – World is “very good.” “Let them have dominion over all the earth.” – God shapes history: Exodus from Egyptian slavery as metaphor. God’s justice & mercy as the righteous ideal – Freedom, self-responsibility, align with God’s will—from “wrestling with God” to social justice and prophetic power – Salvation by alignment with God’s will, and yoke ego (Islam = peace by submission to God); thy will be done… – Mistakes & imperfections: covenant of forgiveness & grace along way – Salvation not from being perfect but from active, hopeful, ideal approach Docsity.com Islam • “Peace” and “Surrender” • From Chaos to Harmony in Mecca • People of the Book—no doubt in this book • Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammed (Koran and Hadith) • 5 Pillars – Creed – Prayer – Charity – Fasting – Pilgrimage Docsity.com “Sick Souled” Monotheism (in J, C, I) • Punitive God of Sin, shame, guilt – Non-affirming, threatening God causes insecurity, impedes healthy psychosocial development – Introjection of “shoulds” – Zealous idealism and intolerance as defense – Insecurity and Battle for God (Karen Armstrong) – Ideological warfare more common in the West. Docsity.com Self-esteem: Canadian sample Self-esteem across cultures Buropean Canadian Sample (N = 1402) Docsity.com Self-esteem: Japanese sample Self-esteem across cultures Sample (N= 1657) "Never Been Abroad’ Js et 2 a Expected Docsity.com Eastern Cultures & Religions: India • Hinduism (Oldest) – Four Wants: pleasure, success (path of desire), duty, Being (path of renunciation)… “Mukti” = liberation from limitations – Let people accomplish lower stages, they will want more – Four paths (Yogas = yokes) to true Being, suited to personalities: knowledge (O), love (A), work (E), meditation (I) – “Maya” illusion vs. True Being (Atman and Brahman) – Sounds Greek. Is this where Pythagoras got inspiration? – Advocates balanced engagement, e.g., “Dancing Shiva”, i.e., Not identifying with fruits of action. GOALS! – See notes field below for related reading… Docsity.com Docsity.com Eastern Culture & Religion: Chinese and Japanese • Taoism: Lao Tzu (Grand Old Master) contemporary of Confucius • Tao Te Ching (the Way and it’s power)—order life in sync with natural world (not transcending and imposing will on it) • Yin Yang: allow contradictions, avoid clear categories, no absolutes (sometimes, some situations) • Creative quiet, mystery, simplicity, humility, spontaneous flow • No self-assertion, competition, or conquering—instead, befriend emptiness (cups, doors, windows). Water metaphors. Zen Buddhism: 12 Century Japan (Buddhism + Taoism = Zen) • Inspired by Buddha’s Lotus sermon, Koans (one hand clapping); meaning of Zen (lifted little finger, kicked a ball, slapped in face). • Grapple with uncertain, experiential truth beneath words and categories. Kick habit of logical analysis. Silence and no words • Contrast this to Judaic “people of the book,” the word, logos. Docsity.com Goal Theory Interpretation • East and West agree that narrow ego-self striving is problematic • Western solutions bolster identification with an ideal self, which ultimately transcends itself • Eastern solutions treat self as illusion • At best, both facilitate well-being, lack of defensiveness, openness, and compassion Docsity.com Compassion • Axial age and Great Transformation (Armstrong) • Emphasis on compassion discourages fanatical intolerance (West) and also aloof personal enlightenment (East) • Non-divisive ideal that directly discourages ego- self-focus • Compelling exemplars to emulate • TheravedaMahayana Buddhism (Bodhisattvas) Docsity.com