Understanding Personality: Heredity, Environment, and Determinants, Lecture notes of Psychology

Download Understanding Personality: Heredity, Environment, and Determinants and more Lecture notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! me) ae) 2] fav} fo oe) 03) | ® Ay Personality – The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others, the measurable traits a person exhibits – It is part of what makes each individual distinct – The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character such as quiet, passive, loud, aggressive, etc. Personality Determinants – Environment; Culture, early conditioning, the norms, attitudes and values among our family, friends, social groups, and other influences we experience. plays an important role in shaping our personality. – Situation; Situation influences the effects of heredity and environment on personality Personality Assessment Instruments Two dominant frameworks used to describe personality – 1) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®) – 2) Big Five Model The Myers--Briggs Type Indicator – Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) : The 16 types are typically referred to by an abbreviation of four letters Classifications: – Extroverted (E) or Introverted (I) – Sensing (S) or Intuitive (N) – Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) – Perceiving (P) or Judging (J) Big Five Traits 1. Extroversion (sociability): – A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious and assertive. - 2. Agreeableness: – A personality dimension that describes someone who is good- natured, cooperative and trusting. 3. Conscientiousness (painstakingness): – A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent and organized Big Five Traits 4. Emotional stability: – A personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, secure (positive), versus nervous, depressed and insecure (negative). 5. Openness to experience: – A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity and curiosity – Research has shown this to be a better framework. Certain traits have been shown to strongly relate to higher job performance Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB 1. Locus of Control 2. Machiavellianism 3. Self-Esteem 4. Self-Monitoring 5. Risk-Taking 6. Type A Personality 7. Type B Personality 8. Proactive Personality 9. Core Self-evaluation Narcissism – Likes to be the center of attraction – A person with a grandiose sense of self importance – thinks he is capable of many things – requires excessive admiration, is arrogant – – supervisors rate them as worse leaders. – They tend to be selfish, treat others as inferior, exploitative, think others exist for their benefit Core Self-Evaluation – Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person. – People who have positive core self-evaluations like themselves and see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment. – Those with negative core self-evaluations tend to dislike themselves, question their capabilities, and view themselves as powerless over their environment. Self-Monitoring – A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. It is the extent to which people base their behaviour on cues from other people and situations – Individuals high in self monitoring show adaptability – highly sensitive to external cues- can present contradictions between their public persona and private self. Type A & Type B Personality Type B’s 1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; 2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments; 3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; 4. can relax without guilt. Proactive Personality – Identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs. – Creates positive change in the environment, regardless or even in spite of constraints or obstacles Achieving Person--Job Fit Person-Organization Fit: – The employee’s personality must fit with the organizational culture. – People are attracted to organizations that match their values. – Those who match are most likely to be selected. – Mismatches will result in turnover. – Can use the Big Five personality types to match to the organizational culture.